scholarly journals Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Renal Function: 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Kathleen E. Adair ◽  
Rodney G. Bowden ◽  
LesLee K. Funderburk ◽  
Jeffrey S. Forsse ◽  
Kelly R. Ylitalo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
National Health ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Rising rates of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and mortality from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have prompted further investigation into the association between metabolic phenotypes and CKD. Purpose: To report the frequency of strictly defined metabolic phenotypes, renal function within each phenotype, and individual risk factors associated with reduced renal function. We utilized the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and complex survey sample weighting techniques to represent 220 million non-institutionalized U.S. civilians. Metabolic health was defined as having zero of the risk factors defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program with the exception of obesity, which was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 in non-Asians and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in Asians. The metabolically healthy normal (MUN) phenotype comprised the highest proportion of the population (38.40%), whereas the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) was the smallest (5.59%). Compared to the MHN reference group, renal function was lowest in the strictly defined MUN (B = −9.60, p < 0.001) and highest in the MHO (B = 2.50, p > 0.05), and this persisted when an increased number of risk factors were used to define metabolic syndrome. Systolic blood pressure had the strongest correlation with overall eGFR (r = −0.25, p < 0.001), and individuals with low HDL had higher renal function compared to the overall sample. The MUN phenotype had the greatest association with poor renal function. While the MHO had higher renal function, this may be due to a transient state caused by renal hyperfiltration. Further research should be done to investigate the association between dyslipidemia and CKD.

scholarly journals Metabolic Constellations, Clusters, and Renal Function: Findings from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Kathleen E. Adair ◽  
Kelly R. Ylitalo ◽  
Jeffrey S. Forsse ◽  
LesLee K. Funderburk ◽  
Rodney G. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Relationship

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with decreased renal function and chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, no research regarding the sixteen possible constellations resulting in the diagnosis of MetS has been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to report renal function in sixteen metabolic constellations grouped into four metabolic clusters. Individuals (n = 2767; representing 86,652,073 individuals) from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys who met the criteria for MetS were included. Sixteen possible constellations of three or more risk factors were analyzed for renal function. Four metabolic clusters representing MetS with hyperglycemia (Cluster I), MetS with hypertension (Cluster II), MetS with hyperglycemia and hypertension (Cluster III), or MetS with normoglycemia and normotension (Cluster IV) were assessed for renal function and CKD status. Cluster III had the highest odds of CKD (OR = 2.57, 95% CL = 1.79, 3.68). Clusters II and III had the lowest renal function and were not different from one another (87.82 and 87.28 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.71). The constellation with the lowest renal function consisted of hypertension, high triglycerides, and a large waist circumference (82.86 mL/min/1.73 m2), whereas the constellation with the highest renal function consisted of hyperglycemia, low HDL, and a large waist circumference (107.46 mL/min/1.73 m2). The sixteen constellations of MetS do not have the same effects on renal function. More research is needed to understand the relationship between the various iterations of MetS and renal function.

scholarly journals Association of Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Future Depression: Using National Health Insurance System Data in Korea from 2009–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Yongseok Seo ◽  
Seungyeon Lee ◽  
Joung-Sook Ahn ◽  
Seongho Min ◽  
Min-Hyuk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

(1) Background: The health implications associated with the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype, in particular related to symptoms of depression, are still not clear. the purpose of this study is to check whether depression and metabolic status are relevant by classifying them into four groups in accordance with the MHO diagnostic standard. Other impressions seen were the differences between sexes and the effects of the MHO on the occurrence of depression. (2) Methods: A sample of 3,586,492 adult individuals from the National Health Insurance Database of Korea was classified into four categories by their metabolic status and body mass index: (1) metabolically healthy non-obese (MHN); (2) metabolically healthy obese (MHO); (3) metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUN); and (4) metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Participants were followed for six to eight years for new incidences of depression. The statistical significance of the general characteristics of the four groups, as well as the mean differences in metabolic syndrome risk factors, was assessed with the use of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). (3) Results: The MHN ratio in women was higher than in men (men 39.3%, women 55.2%). In both men and women, depression incidence was the highest among MUO participants (odds ratio (OR) = 1.01 in men; OR = 1.09 in women). It was concluded as well that, among the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, waist circumference was the most related to depression. Among the four groups, the MUO phenotype was the most related to depression. Furthermore, in women participants, MHO is also related to a higher risk of depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that MHO is not a totally benign condition in relation to depression in women. (4) Conclusion: Therefore, reducing metabolic syndrome and obesity patients in Korea will likely reduce the incidence of depression.

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