scholarly journals Ketamine—New Possibilities in the Treatment of Depression: A Narrative Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kowalczyk ◽  
Edward Kowalczyk ◽  
Paweł Kwiatkowski ◽  
Łukasz Łopusiewicz ◽  
Monika Sienkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Rapid Treatment

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus epidemic has led to an increase in the number of people with depression. Symptoms related to the mental sphere (mainly depression and anxiety) may be experienced by one third of the worldwide population. This entails the need for the effective and rapid treatment of depressive episodes. An effective drug seems to be s-ketamine, which was accepted in March 2019 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of drug-resistant depression. This drug provides a quick antidepressant effect with maximum effectiveness achieved after 24 h. It also appears to reduce the occurrence of suicidal thoughts. However, research into undesirable effects, especially in groups of people susceptible to psychotic episodes or those who use alcohol or psychoactive substances, is necessary.

scholarly journals Contributing factors to advanced brain aging in depression and anxiety disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. M. Han ◽  
Hugo G. Schnack ◽  
Rachel M. Brouwer ◽  
Dick J. Veltman ◽  
Nic J. A. van der Wee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Brain Age

AbstractDepression and anxiety are common and often comorbid mental health disorders that represent risk factors for aging-related conditions. Brain aging has shown to be more advanced in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we extend prior work by investigating multivariate brain aging in patients with MDD, anxiety disorders, or both, and examine which factors contribute to older-appearing brains. Adults aged 18–57 years from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety underwent structural MRI. A pretrained brain-age prediction model based on >2000 samples from the ENIGMA consortium was applied to obtain brain-predicted age differences (brain PAD, predicted brain age minus chronological age) in 65 controls and 220 patients with current MDD and/or anxiety. Brain-PAD estimates were associated with clinical, somatic, lifestyle, and biological factors. After correcting for antidepressant use, brain PAD was significantly higher in MDD (+2.78 years, Cohen’s d = 0.25, 95% CI −0.10-0.60) and anxiety patients (+2.91 years, Cohen’s d = 0.27, 95% CI −0.08-0.61), compared with controls. There were no significant associations with lifestyle or biological stress systems. A multivariable model indicated unique contributions of higher severity of somatic depression symptoms (b = 4.21 years per unit increase on average sum score) and antidepressant use (−2.53 years) to brain PAD. Advanced brain aging in patients with MDD and anxiety was most strongly associated with somatic depressive symptomatology. We also present clinically relevant evidence for a potential neuroprotective antidepressant effect on the brain-PAD metric that requires follow-up in future research.

scholarly journals Multiple activities change intervention as a vehicle for changing the mental health narrative and practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Health Narrative ◽  
Inadequate Sleep ◽  
Body Ache

A novel intervention named multiple activities change intervention or MACI has been discussed. On 28th July 08 a 33 old male presented with history of stress, worry, and anxiety since childhood, backache since 2002, inadequate sleep, headache and body ache, acidity and abdominal discomfort, and throat discomfort – all from 2002. Results with multiple activities change intervention (MACI): baseline BDI-II score 41, 4 days later 11, and 19 days later 5. No psycho-pharmaceuticals were used. No interpretation regarding the symptoms was offered. Unfortunately, this man did not come for follow up. But there were others whom I have followed up for longer periods, and I have reported three such cases of drug resistant depression, who were utterly hopeless but showed a sharp improvement with MACI. In common mental illnesses (depression and anxiety, alcohol and tobacco use), such sharp improvements are often observed with MACI. Not so sharp but consistent improvements occurred in some other instances. As a social tool MACI has the potential to change the discourse in the field of health—and this is equally true for mental health.

scholarly journals Whole Body Cryotherapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment: New Biological Treatment of Depression? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Marek Krzystanek ◽  
Monika Romańczyk ◽  
Stanisław Surma ◽  
Agnieszka Burzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy

Treatment with antidepressants is often insufficiently effective, especially in treatment-resistant depression. In such a situation, it is possible to change the drug, add a second antidepressant, or use pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of augmenting the effect of pharmacotherapy. New methods that may fall into the scope of multi-module depression treatment as an augmentation of depression treatment are whole body cryotherapy (WBC) and hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT). 545 records were selected and analyzed for these two treatments and finally three clinical trials were selected for analysis. The review also includes data on the possibility of using WBC and HBOT in somatic indications and in organic mental syndromes. Despite the small number of studies on the effectiveness of WBC or HBOT in depression, the current data show that both methods may be effective in the treatment of depression. WBC may be effective in the augmentation of antidepressants, and additionally, it is a method in which a quick antidepressant effect is obtained. HBOT may be effective in endogenous depression, just as it is effective in the treatment of somatic depression symptoms. The results are very preliminary, but if confirmed in subsequent studies, both WBC and HBOT may become new treatment options in treating depression. The authors point to the need and directions for further research into these treatment methods as an augmentation strategy for pharmacological treatment of depression.

Ketamine Treatment in Depression: A Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics Predicting Symptom Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1398-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darby J.E. Lowe ◽  
Daniel J. Müller ◽  
Tony P. George
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Future Direction

Ketamine has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of depression, specifically among individuals who do not respond to first-line treatments. There is still, however, a lack of clarity surrounding the clinical features and response periods across samples that respond to ketamine. This paper systematically reviews published randomized controlled trials that investigate ketamine as an antidepressant intervention in both unipolar and bipolar depression to determine the specific clinical features of the samples across different efficacy periods. Moreover, similarities and differences in clinical characteristics associated with acute versus longer-term drug response are discussed. Similarities across all samples suggest that the population that responds to ketamine’s antidepressant effect has experienced chronic, long-term depression, approaching ketamine treatment as a “last resort”. Moreover, differences between these groups suggest future research to investigate the potential of stronger efficacy towards depression in the context of bipolar disorder compared to major depression, and in participants who undergo antidepressant washout before ketamine administration. From these findings, suggestions for the future direction of ketamine research for depression are formed.

Childhood Material Hardship and Adolescent Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110018
Author(s):  
Chrisse Edmunds ◽  
Melissa Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescent mental health has implications for current and future wellbeing. While a link exists between poverty and mental health, little is known about how experiencing material hardship, such as insecurity of food, housing, utilities, and medical care, throughout early childhood affects adolescent mental health. We examine the relationship between material hardship in childhood and adolescent mental health. We use Poisson regression to examine the effect of material hardship experienced at different stages of childhood on adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes at age 15. We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,222). We find that recently experiencing material hardship during childhood is positively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms at age 15, even when controlling for material hardship at age 15. Additionally, we find that insecurity during mid-childhood and the stress of lacking basic needs during a critical age may influence mental health in adolescence.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Children with Bipolar Disorder

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Robert M. Post ◽  
Heinz Grunze
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Common ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Childhood onset bipolar disorder (CO-BD) presents a panoply of difficulties associated with early recognition and treatment. CO-BD is associated with a variety of precursors and comorbidities that have been inadequately studied, so treatment remains obscure. The earlier the onset, the longer is the delay to first treatment, and both early onset and treatment delay are associated with more depressive episodes and a poor prognosis in adulthood. Ultra-rapid and ultradian cycling, consistent with a diagnosis of BP-NOS, are highly prevalent in the youngest children and take long periods of time and complex treatment regimens to achieve euthymia. Lithium and atypical antipsychotics are effective in mania, but treatment of depression remains obscure, with the exception of lurasidone, for children ages 10-17. Treatment of the common comorbid anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant disorders, pathological habits, and substance abuse are all poorly studied and are off-label. Cognitive dysfunction after a first manic hospitalization improves over the next year only on the condition that no further episodes occur. Yet comprehensive expert treatment after an initial manic hospitalization results in many fewer relapses than traditional treatment as usual, emphasizing the need for combined pharmacological, psychosocial, and psycho-educational approaches to this difficult and highly recurrent illness.

Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Riparin I in a Model of Depression Induced by Corticosterone in Female Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Iris Cristina Maia Oliveira ◽  
Auriana Serra Vasconcelos Mallmann ◽  
Francisco Adelvane de Paula Rodrigues ◽  
Laura Maria Teodorio Vidal ◽  
Iardja Stéfane Lopes Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Animal Model Of Depression ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Depression is a common, chronic, and often recurrent serious mood disorder. Conventional antidepressants present limitations that stimulate the search for new drugs. Antioxidant and neuroprotective substances are potential antidepressant agents. In this context, riparin I (RIP I) has presented promising results, emerging as a potential source of a new therapeutic drug. In this study, the antidepressant effect of RIP I was evaluated in an animal model of depression induced by corticosterone (CORT). The involvement of neuroprotective and antioxidant mechanisms in the generation of this effect was also assessed. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Female mice were submitted to CORT for 21 days and treated with RIP I in the last 7 days. Behavioral and neurochemical analyses were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The administration of RIP I reversed the depressive and psychotic-like behavior, as well as the cognitive impairment caused by CORT, in addition to regulating oxidative stress parameters and BDNF levels in depression-related brain areas. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings suggest that RIP I can be a strong candidate for drugs in the treatment of depression.

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