scholarly journals Evaluation of Bone Sialoprotein Coating of Three-Dimensional Printed Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds in a Calvarial Defect Model in Mice

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Baranowski ◽  
Anja Klein ◽  
Ulrike Ritz ◽  
Hermann Götz ◽  
Stefan Mattyasovszky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Sialoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calvarial Defect ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Local Bone

The bioactive coating of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising approach to enhance the bone-healing properties of bone substitutes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether coating CPCs with bone sialoprotein (BSP) results in increased bone formation. Forty-five female C57BL/6NRj mice with an average age of six weeks were divided into three groups. Either a BSP-coated or an uncoated three-dimensional plotted scaffold was implanted into a drilled 2.7-mm diameter calvarial defect, or the defect was left empty (control group; no CPC). Histological analyses revealed that BSP-coated scaffolds were better integrated into the local bone stock eight weeks after implantation. Bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) ratios and bone thickness at the bone–implant contact were analyzed via micro computed tomography (µCT) after eight weeks. BSP-coated scaffolds and uncoated CPC scaffolds increased bone thickness in comparison to the control (CPC + BSP: 691.1 ± 253.5 µm, CPC: 603.1 ± 164.4 µm, no CPC: 261.7 ± 37.8 µm, p < 0.01). Accordingly, BV/TV was enhanced in both scaffold groups (CPC + BSP: 1.3 ± 0.5%, CPC: 0.9 ± 0.5%, no CPC: 0.2 ± 0.3%, p < 0.01). The BSP coating showed a tendency towards an increased bone thickness (p = 0.18) and BV/TV (p = 0.18) in comparison to uncoated CPC scaffolds. However, a significant increase in bone formation through BSP coating was not found.

scholarly journals In-Vivo Degradation Behavior and Osseointegration of 3D Powder-Printed Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Katharina Kowalewicz ◽  
Elke Vorndran ◽  
Franziska Feichtner ◽  
Anja-Christina Waselau ◽  
Manuel Brueckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
In Vivo Degradation ◽  
Volume Decrease

Calcium magnesium phosphate cements (CMPCs) are promising bone substitutes and experience great interest in research. Therefore, in-vivo degradation behavior, osseointegration and biocompatibility of three-dimensional (3D) powder-printed CMPC scaffolds were investigated in the present study. The materials Mg225 (Ca0.75Mg2.25(PO4)2) and Mg225d (Mg225 treated with diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP)) were implanted as cylindrical scaffolds (h = 5 mm, Ø = 3.8 mm) in both lateral femoral condyles in rabbits and compared with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Treatment with DAHP results in the precipitation of struvite, thus reducing pore size and overall porosity and increasing pressure stability. Over 6 weeks, the scaffolds were evaluated clinically, radiologically, with Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) and histological examinations. All scaffolds showed excellent biocompatibility. X-ray and in-vivo µCT examinations showed a volume decrease and increasing osseointegration over time. Structure loss and volume decrease were most evident in Mg225. Histologically, all scaffolds degraded centripetally and were completely traversed by new bone, in which the remaining scaffold material was embedded. While after 6 weeks, Mg225d and TCP were still visible as a network, only individual particles of Mg225 were present. Based on these results, Mg225 and Mg225d appear to be promising bone substitutes for various loading situations that should be investigated further.

scholarly journals The Effect of Simulated Microgravity by Three-Dimensional Clinostat on Bone Tissue Engineering

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Nishikawa ◽  
Hajime Ohgushi ◽  
Noriyuki Tamai ◽  
Koichi Osuga ◽  
Masaru Uemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Surface

Evidence suggests that mechanical stress, including gravity, is associated with osteoblast differentiation and function. To examine effects of microgravity on bone tissue engineering, we used a three-dimensional (3D) clinostat manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Kobe, Japan). A 3D clinostat is a device that generates multidirectional G force. By controlled rotation on two axes, it cancels the cumulative gravity vector at the center of the device. We cultured rat marrow mesenchymal cells (MMCs) in the pores of interconnected porous calcium hydroxyapatite (IP-CHA) for 2 weeks in the presence of dexamethasone using the 3D clinostat (clinostat group). MMCs cultured using the 3D clinostat exhibited a 40% decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker of osteoblastic differentiation), compared with control static cultures (control group). SEM analysis revealed that although there was no difference between the two groups in number or distribution of cells in the pores, the clinostat group exhibited less extensive extracellular matrix formation than the control group. Cultured IP-CHA/MMC composites were then implanted into subcutaneous sites of syngeneic rats and harvested 8 weeks after implantation. All implants showed bone formation inside the pores, as indicated by decalcified histological sections and microfocus computed tomography. However, the volume of newly formed bone was significantly lower for the clinostat group than for the control group, especially in the superficial pores close to the implant surface. These results indicate that new bone formation in culture was inhibited by use of the 3D clinostat, and that this inhibition was mainly due to suppression of osteoblastic differentiation of MMCs.

Impact of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics on Osteoporotic Hip Bone Mineralization In Vivo Six Months after Implantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandris Petronis ◽  
Janis Locs ◽  
Vita Zalite ◽  
Mara Pilmane ◽  
Andrejs Skagers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Local Recovery

Calcium bone substitutes are successfully used for local recovery of osteoporotic bone and filling of bone defects. Previous studies revieled that biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) show better bioactivity in compare to pure β-tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite. Also increased porosity of material promotes better bone tissue response. Aim of this experiment was to evaluate immunohistologically response of osteoporotic bone of experimental animal to implantation of granules with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HAp/β-TCP) ratio of 90/10. Calcium phosphate (CaP) was synthesized by aqueous precipitation technique from calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. Bioceramic granules in size range from 1.0 to 1.4 mm were prepared with nanopore sizes around 200 nm. We used nine female rabbits with induced osteoporosis in this experiment. Six animals in study group underwent implantation of BCP in hip bone defect and three animals in control group left without BCP implantation. After 6 months animals were euthanized, bone samples collected and proceeded for detection of bone activity and repair markers: osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Controls showed the presence of experimental bone osteoporosis. In experimental group bone showed partially resorbed bioceramic granules and in some samples new bone formation near the granuli was observed. Increase of OC and OPG up to twice as to compare to control group were detected as well. Implantation of BCP granules in osteoporotic rabbit bone increases expression of OC and OPG indicating the activation of osteoblastogenesis and bone mineralization in vivo.

Effects of strontium-modified calcium phosphate cement combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 on osteoporotic bone defects healing in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoushan Tao ◽  
Wanshu Zhou ◽  
Yunyun Jiang ◽  
Xingjin Wu ◽  
Zhujun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein

The objective of the present study was to incorporate strontium into calcium phosphate cement combined with a lower single-dose local administration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 to enhance its in vivo biodegradation and bone tissue growth. After the creation of a rodent critical-sized femoral metaphyseal bone defect, strontium-modified calcium phosphate cement was prepared by mixing sieved granules of calcium phosphate cement and 5% SrCO3 for medical use, and then strontium-modified calcium phosphate cement with dripped bone morphogenetic protein-2 solution (5 µg) was implanted into the defect of OVX rats until death at eight weeks. The defected area in distal femurs of rats was harvested for evaluation by histology, micro-CT, and biomechanics. The results of our study show that a lower single-dose local administration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 combined local usage of strontium-modified calcium phosphate cement can increase the healing of defects in OVX rats. Furthermore, treatments with single-dose local administration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and strontium-modified calcium phosphate cement showed a stronger effect on accelerating the local bone formation than calcium phosphate cement and strontium-modified calcium phosphate cement used alone. The results from our study demonstrate that combination of a lower single-dose local administration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and strontium-modified calcium phosphate cement had an additive effect on local bone formation in osteoporosis rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of miniscrew stability using an automatic embedding auxiliary skeletal anchorage device

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Oga ◽  
Hiroshi Tomonari ◽  
Sangho Kwon ◽  
Takaharu Kuninori ◽  
Takakazu Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Retention Force ◽  
Implantation Depth ◽  
Auxiliary Device

ABSTRACT Objective: To clarify the in vivo effect of an automatic embedding device on miniscrew stability. Materials and Methods: 42 miniscrews were implanted into rabbit femurs. The miniscrews with the novel auxiliary device formed the auxiliary group (n = 11 at 4 weeks; n = 11 at 8 weeks) and the miniscrews without the auxiliary device formed the nonauxiliary control group (n = 9 at 4 weeks; n = 11 at 8 weeks). Cortical bone thickness, distance from the cortical bone surface to the miniscrew head, and implantation depth of the spike were measured using micro-computed tomography. The mechanical retention force was evaluated by measuring the displacement of the miniscrew head after it was loaded perpendicular to its long axis. In the lateral displacement test, effects of the auxiliary (with vs without auxiliary), and time (4 vs 8 weeks) were assessed using the Brunner–Langer nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments. Results: The mean implantation depth of the spike in the auxiliary group at 4 and 8 weeks was 0.28 mm (median: 0.33; SD: 0.12) and 0.37 mm (median: 0.33; SD: 0.19), respectively. The retention force was approximately 2.0 to 2.8 and 1.6 to 1.8 times greater in the auxiliary group than in the nonauxiliary group at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. Conclusions: The auxiliary device improved the mechanical retention force without the need to increase miniscrew length or diameter. This may enable the safe use of miniscrews in difficult areas.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the morphogenesis of molar roots and the periodontium in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Motokawa ◽  
Akiko Terao ◽  
Ersan I. Karadeniz ◽  
Masato Kaku ◽  
Toshitsugu Kawata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Recovery Groups

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the effects of long-term, artificially created, hypofunctional occlusion and its recovery on the morphology of rat molar roots. Material and Methods: Eighteen 5-week-old Wistar-strain male rats were randomly divided according to their periodontal conditions into normal, hypofunctional, and recovery groups (n  =  6 in each). In the experimental hypofunctional and recovery groups, a bite-raising appliance was set to produce hypofunction at the molar region. All groups were analyzed at 16 weeks of age using three-dimensional micro-computed tomography. Root length, width, and area as well as the thickness and the area of the periodontal ligament (PDL) space of the maxillary first molar were calculated. Results: Roots were longer and narrower in the hypofunctional group than in the control group. The mesial root in particular showed a dramatic change. Root area also decreased significantly in the hypofunctional group compared to the other groups. Moreover, the PDL thickness and area decreased significantly in the hypofunctional group compared to the control group, but increased in the recovery group compared to the hypofunctional group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that root size and PDL structure may be reduced due to disuse atrophy resulting from a defect in occlusal function, but may be recovered following a gain of occlusal stimuli.

Amorphous Calcium Polyphosphate Bone Regenerative Materials Based on Calcium Phosphate Glass

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Hyun Lee ◽  
Min Chul Kim ◽  
Seong Ho Choi ◽  
Yong Keun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Inorganic Polyphosphates ◽  
Calcium Polyphosphate ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
New Material

We developed new calcium phosphate bone substitute material, amorphous calcium polyphosphate. The new material is synthesized by a cement-like slif-setting reaction with calcium phosphate glass, basic materials and water. In this study, we prepared with CPG, Na2CO3 and NaOH solution. When they are mixed together, amorphous phase was precipitated. The precipitated amorphous phase consisted of polyphosphate chains condensed with Na ions released from Na2CO3 and NaOH. When the amorphous calcium polyphosphate dissolves, inorganic polyphosphates are released into the medium. The inorganic polyphosphates as the dissolution product inducted the calcification of the osteoblast cells. Therefore, in animal test, the new bone formation in rat calvarial defects treated with the new material was significantly higher than sham-surgery control group, especially in the initial stage. The amorphous calcium polyphosphate was biocompatible and bioresorbable and promoted the new bone formation.

scholarly journals Increase of Angiogenesis and  Osteogenesis  by Local Application of Simvastatin Depends on VEGF

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tan ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Guohong Du ◽  
Huijie Leng ◽  
Chunli Song
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Aims Simvastatin stimulates both BMP-2 and VEGF expression, but it is unknown which is more important for bone formation. This study was undertaken to determine whether these effects could be blocked by the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab. Methods 60 Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12 per group): normal control; simvastatin 0 mg or 0.5 mg; and bevacizumab with simvastatin 0 mg or 0.5 mg. Simvastatin groups were administered intraosseous injections of simvastatin delivered by thermosensitive poloxamer. Bevacizumab groups were given bevacizumab intraperitoneally or the same volume of saline. Serum samples were collected before the treatment and every two weeks thereafter. Four weeks after the treatment, four rats randomly selected from each group were subjected to Microfil® perfusion. The remaining eight rats was evaluated with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and micro-computed tomography (µCT). Four specimens (left tibias) were randomly selected from each group for undecalcified histology, the other four specimens selected for Western blot to analyse the changes of expression of BMP-2. Results local injection of simvastatin significantly increased bone formation. Microfil® perfusion showed that there were more vessels both in the bone marrow and around the bone after a single-dose simvastatin injection. Western blot analysis also confirmed that the expression levels of BMP2 were significantly higher in the simvastatin-treated groups compared with the control group. Compared with the simvastatin group, bevacizumab blunted the simvastatin-induced increase in bone mass and angiogenesis. Conclusion The anabolic effect of simvastatin on bone formation is through VEGF-related mechanisms.

scholarly journals Ridge Augmentation Using β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Sphere with Collagen Membrane in Chronic Pathologic Extraction Sockets with Dehiscence Defect: A Pilot Study in Beagle Dogs

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Jungwon Lee ◽  
Yong-Moo Lee ◽  
Young-Jun Lim ◽  
Bongju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Ridge Preservation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Spontaneous Healing ◽  
Ridge Augmentation ◽  
Dehiscence Defect

This study was conducted to comparatively examine spontaneous healing versus ridge augmentation, in surgically-created dehiscence defects, associated with chronic pathology in dogs. Mandibular second, third and fourth premolars (P2, P3 and P4) were hemi-sectioned, and a dehiscence defect was created at the mesial root, while a groove was made on the buccal area from the top of the teeth to the bottom of the defect, exposing the dental pulp. The mesial roots of P2, P3 and P4 were extracted 1 month after the induction of the dehiscence defect with chronic pathology. Three teeth were randomly allocated to these experimental groups: (i) spontaneous healing without any bone graft (Control group: C); (ii) ridge augmentation with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules (Test 1 group: T1); and (iii) ridge augmentation with 60% hydroxyapatite (HA) and 40% β-TCP microspheres (Test 2 group: T2). Postmortem histopathologic examination showed significant between-group differences in C and T1 and C and T2 in bone volume/tissue volume in qualitative micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis, as well as significant intergroup differences in the coronal area at 4 and 12 weeks. The composition of connective tissue and mineralized bone in C and T1 were higher than in T2 at 4 weeks of healing, whereas the composition of mineralized bone was higher in T2 than in T1 at 12 weeks of healing. Biphasic calcium phosphate, composed of 60% HA and 40% β-TCP microsphere (i) potentially prevented marked osteoclastic resorption and (ii) promoted ridge preservation in the extraction socket with the dehiscence defect and chronic pathology.

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