scholarly journals Study of Two Bovine Bone Blocks (Sintered and Non-Sintered) Used for Bone Grafts: Physico-Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Bioactivity and Cellular Analysis

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Gehrke ◽  
Patricia Mazón ◽  
Leticia Pérez-Díaz ◽  
José Calvo-Guirado ◽  
Pablo Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
In Vitro Bioactivity ◽  
Cellular Analysis

In this work, the physicochemical properties and in vitro bioactivity and cellular viability of two commercially available bovine bone blocks (allografts materials) with different fabrication processes (sintered and not) used for bone reconstruction were evaluated in order to study the effect of the microstructure in the in vitro behavior. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, mechanical resistance of blocks, mercury porosimetry analysis, in vitro bioactivity, and cell viability and proliferation were performed to compare the characteristics of both allograft materials against a synthetic calcium phosphate block used as a negative control. The herein presented results revealed a very dense structure of the low-porosity bovine bone blocks, which conferred the materials’ high resistance. Moreover, relatively low gas, fluid intrusion, and cell adhesion were observed in both the tested materials. The structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of both ceramic blocks (sintered and not) were similar. Finally, the bioactivity, biodegradability, and also the viability and proliferation of the cells was directly related to the physicochemical properties of the scaffolds.

Preparation, physicochemical properties and in vitro bioactivity of hierarchically porous bioactive glass scaffolds

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (120) ◽  
pp. 98796-98804
Author(s):  
Xiaocheng Wang ◽  
Mengchao Shi ◽  
Dong Zhai ◽  
Chengtie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
In Vitro Bioactivity ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
20 Nm

Bioactive glass scaffolds with macropores (300–500 μm), midpores (20 nm to 2 μm) and mesopores (around 5 nm) were prepared using P123, yeast cells and polyurethane sponges as templates.

scholarly journals The Influence of Hyaluronic Acid Biofunctionalization of a Bovine Bone Substitute on Osteoblast Activity In Vitro

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Solomiya Kyyak ◽  
Andreas Pabst ◽  
Diana Heimes ◽  
Peer W. Kämmerer
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Osteoblast Activity ◽  
Bone Substitute Materials

Bovine bone substitute materials (BSMs) are used for oral bone regeneration. The objective was to analyze the influence of BSM biofunctionalization via hyaluronic acid (HA) on human osteoblasts (HOBs). BSMs with ± HA were incubated with HOBs including HOBs alone as a negative control. On days 3, 7 and 10, cell viability, migration and proliferation were analyzed by fluorescence staining, scratch wound assay and MTT assay. On days 3, 7 and 10, an increased cell viability was demonstrated for BSM+ compared with BSM− and the control (each p ≤ 0.05). The cell migration was enhanced for BSM+ compared with BSM− and the control after day 3 and day 7 (each p ≤ 0.05). At day 10, an accelerated wound closure was found for the control compared with BSM+/− (each p < 0.05). The highest proliferation rate was observed for BSM+ on day 3 (p ≤ 0.05) followed by BSM− and the control (each p ≤ 0.05). At day 7, a non-significantly increased proliferation was shown for BSM+ while the control was higher than BSM− (each p < 0.05). The least proliferation activity was observed for BSM− (p < 0.05) at day 10. HA biofunctionalization of the BSMs caused an increased HOB activity and might represent a promising alternative to BSM− in oral bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Identification of peptide coatings that enhance diffusive transport of nanoparticles through the tumor microenvironment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi P. Mohanty ◽  
Xinquan Liu ◽  
Jae Y. Kim ◽  
Xiujuan Peng ◽  
Sahil Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Pancreatic Tumor ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Peptide Ligand ◽  
Diffusive Transport ◽  
Surface Chemistries

In solid tumors, increasing drug penetration promotes their regression and improves the therapeutic index of compounds. However, the heterogeneous extracellular matrix (ECM) acts a steric and interaction barrier that hinders effective transport of therapeutics, including nanomedicines. Specifically, the interactions between the ECM and surface physicochemical properties of nanomedicines (e.g. charge, hydrophobicity) impedes their diffusion and penetration. To address the challenges using existing surface chemistries, we used peptide-presenting phage libraries as a high-throughput approach to screen and identify peptides as coatings with desired physicochemical properties that improve diffusive transport through the tumor microenvironment. Through iterative screening against the ECM and identification by next-generation DNA sequencing and analysis, we selected individual clones and measured their transport by diffusion assays. Here, we identified a net-neutral charge, hydrophilic peptide P4 that facilitates significantly higher diffusive transport of phage than negative control through in vitro tumor ECM. Through alanine mutagenesis, we confirmed that the hydrophilicity, charge, and their spatial ordering impact diffusive transport. P4 phage clone exhibited almost 200-fold improved uptake in ex vivo pancreatic tumor xenografts compared to the negative control. Nanoparticles coated with P4 exhibited ∼40-fold improvement in diffusivity in pancreatic tumor tissues, and P4-coated particles demonstrated less hindered diffusivity through the ECM compared to particles functionalized with gold standard poly(ethylene) glycol or iRGD peptide ligand. By leveraging the power of molecular diversity using phage display, we can greatly expand the chemical space of surface chemistries that can improve the transport of nanomedicines through the complex tumor microenvironment to ultimately improve their efficacy.Abstract Figure

Preparation of Synthetic HA Scaffold and the Effect of Heat Treatment on Bone Formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 711-714
Author(s):  
Marie Strnadova ◽  
Jiri Protivinsky ◽  
Tomas Soukup ◽  
J. Strnad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
In Vivo Tests

The synthetic nanostructured HA powder was prepared by the reaction of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution and phosphoric acid H3PO4. The powders were foamed using hydrogen peroxide and heat treated at temperatures ranging from 120 to 700°C. Bovine deproteinized bone BioOss was used as a reference material. Elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, gas adsorption and mercury porosimetry were used to characterize the precipitates. In vitro cytotoxicity test and the preclinical evaluation of this material were performed. In vivo tests were carried out in the tibiae of beagle dogs. All animals were euthanized 3 and 6 months after implantation. The material degradation and new bone formation was observed. The process of precipitation and coagulation can be applied to obtain pure synthetic HA powder. Foaming with H2O2 represents a method suitable to produce HA material with higher surface area and porosity. The physico-chemical properties of HA granules and in vivo tests determined that synthetic scaffold is comparable with bovine bone material. No significant differences between synthetic HA150 scaffolds and bovine bone BioOss were observed in vivo. The heat treatment of HA results in slower resorption and remodeling.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the cytocompatibility of mixed bovine bone

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Rieko Takamori ◽  
Eduardo Aleixo Figueira ◽  
Rumio Taga ◽  
Mari Cleide Sogayar ◽  
José Mauro Granjeiro
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Viable Cells

Treatment of bovine bone with peroxides and chaotropic agents aims to obtain an acellular bone matrix that is able to maintain the collagen-apatite complex and a higher mechanical resistance, a mixed biomaterial hereby named mixed bovine bone (MBB). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of MBB and cell-MBB interaction. Cell morphology, number of viable cells, ability to reduce methyltetrazolium and to incorporate neutral red upon exposure to different concentrations of the hydrosoluble extract of MBB were assessed in Balb-c 3T3 cells according to ISO 10993-5 standard. The interaction between cells and MBB surface was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The water-soluble MBB extracts were cytotoxic and led to cell death possibly due to its effect on mitochondrial function and membrane permeability. Cells plated directly onto the MBB did not survive, although after dialysis and material conditioning in DMEM + 10% FCS, the cells adhered and proliferated onto the material. It may be concluded that, in vitro, water-soluble MBB extracts were cytotoxic. Nevertheless, MBB cytotoxic effect was reverted by dialysis resulting in a material that is suitable for cell based-therapy in the bioengineering field.

scholarly journals Bio-Morphological Reaction of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts to Different Types of Dentinal Derivates: In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8681
Author(s):  
Serena Bianchi ◽  
Leonardo Mancini ◽  
Diana Torge ◽  
Loredana Cristiano ◽  
Antonella Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Understanding the biological and morphological reactions of human cells towards different dentinal derivate grafting materials is fundamental for choosing the type of dentin for specific clinical situations. This study aimed to evaluate human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPLF) cells exposed to different dentinal derivates particles. The study design included the in vitro evaluation of mineralized dentine (SG), deproteinized and demineralized dentine (DDP), and demineralized dentine (TT) as test materials and of deproteinized bovine bone (BIOS) as the positive control material. The materials were kept with the hPLF cell line, and the evaluations were made after 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days of in vitro culture. The evaluated outcomes were proliferation by using XTT assays, the morphological characteristics by light microscopy (LM) and by the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and adhesion by using confocal microscopy (CLSM). Overall, the experimental materials induced a positive response of the hPLFs in terms of proliferation and adhesion. The XTT assay showed the TT, and the SG induced significant growth compared to the negative control at 7 days follow-up. The morphological data supported the XTT assay: the LM observations showed the presence of densely packed cells with a modified shape; the SEM observations allowed the assessment of how fibroblasts exposed to DDP and TT presented cytoplasmatic extensions; and SG and BIOS also presented the thickening of the cellular membrane. The CLMS observations showed the expression of the proliferative marker, as well as and the expression of cytoskeletal elements involved in the adhesion process. In particular, the vinculin and integrin signals were stronger at 72 h, while the actin signal remained constantly expressed in all the follow-up of the sample exposed to SG material. The integrin signal was stronger at 72 h, and the vinculin and actin signals were stronger at 7 days follow-up in the sample exposed to DDP material. The vinculin and integrin signals were stronger at 72 h follow-up in the sample exposed to TT material; vinculin and integrin signals appear stronger at 24 h follow-up in the sample exposed to BIOS material. These data confirmed how dentinal derivates present satisfying biocompatibility and high conductivity and inductivity properties fundamental in the regenerative processes. Furthermore, the knowledge of the effects of the dentin’s degree of mineralization on cellular behavior will help clinicians choose the type of dentine derivates material according to the required clinical situation.

Preparation of Porous Synthetic Nanostructured HA Scaffold

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Strnadová ◽  
Jiri Protivinsky ◽  
J. Strnad ◽  
Zdenka Vejsicka
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Average Value

The low temperature macro and micro porous hydroxyapatite scaffold was synthesized. The synthetic nanostructured HA powder was prepared by the reaction of Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4. The ultrasound apparatus was used for the separation of the particles during the precipitation process. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as a foaming agent. The samples were dried for 3 hours at 120°C. HA (hydroxyapatite) granules exhibited interconnected macro and micro porosity with the micro pore size in the order of 0.01 'm. The specific surface area of the precipitate reached the average value 64.8 ± 11.9 [m2.g-1]. The compressive strength of the low temperature porous HA scaffold granule was very similar to deproteinized bovine bone and other calcium phosphate ceramic materials used in bone regeneration and prepared by high temperature processes. The porosity of the scaffolds 50-75% was determined by mercury porosimetry. In-vitro cytotoxicity test proved the granules to be non toxic.

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