scholarly journals Microgrooves and Microrugosities in Titanium Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Alexandre Gehrke ◽  
José Henrique Cavalcanti de Lima ◽  
Fernando Rodriguez ◽  
José Luis Calvo-Guirado ◽  
Jaime Aramburú Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

The physical characteristics of an implant surface can determine and/or facilitate osseointegration processes. In this sense, a new implant surface with microgrooves associated with plus double acid treatment to generate roughness was evaluated and compared in vitro and in vivo with a non-treated (smooth) and double acid surface treatment. Thirty disks and thirty-six conical implants manufactured from commercially pure titanium (grade IV) were prepared for this study. Three groups were determined, as described below: Group 1 (G1), where the samples were only machined; group 2 (G2), where the samples were machined and had their surface treated to generate roughness; and test group 3 (G3), where the samples were machined with microgrooves and the surface was treated to generate the roughness. For the in vitro analysis, the samples were submitted to scanning microscopy (SEM), surface profilometry, the atomic force microscope (MFA) and the surface energy test. For the in vivo analyses, thirty-six implants were placed in the tibia of 9 New Zealand rabbits in a randomized manner, after histological and histomorphometric analysis, to determine the level of contact between the bone and implant (BIC%) and the bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO%) inside of the threads. The data collected were statistically analyzed between groups (p < 0.05). The in vitro evaluations showed different roughness patterns between the groups, and the G3 group had the highest values. In vivo evaluations of the BIC% showed 50.45 ± 9.57% for the G1 group, 55.32 ± 10.31% for the G2 group and 68.65 ± 9.98% for the G3 group, with significant statistical difference between the groups (p < 0.0001). In the BAFO% values, the G1 group presented 54.97 ± 9.56%, the G2 group 59.09 ± 10.13% and the G3 group 70.12 ± 11.07%, with statistical difference between the groups (p < 0.001). The results obtained in the evaluations show that the surface with microgrooves stimulates the process of osseointegration, accelerating the healing process, increasing the contact between the bone and the implant and the area of new bone formation.

scholarly journals New titanium implant surface – An in vitro and in vivo evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (S19) ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
Sergio Gehrke ◽  
Leticia Pèrez‐DÌaz ◽  
Patricia Mazon ◽  
Piedad N. de Aza
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Titanium Implant Surface

Formation and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Surface Modified Implants by HAp, Carbonated-HAp and Titanium Oxide

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masazumi Okido ◽  
Ryoichi Ichino ◽  
Kotaro Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mouse Osteoblast ◽  
Surface Modified

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp), carbonated HAp and titanium oxide are of interest for bone-interfacing implant applications, because of their demonstrated osteoconductive properties. They were coated on the titanium implants and investigated the in vitro and in vivo performance. HAp coatings were performed by the thermal substrate method in aqueous solutions. Titanium oxide film was also formed on the titanium implants by gaseous oxidation, or by anodizing in the acidic solution. All the specimens covered with HAp, carbonated HAp or TiO2 (rutile or anatase). were characterized by XRD, EDX, FT-IR and SEM. In the in vitro testing, the mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured on the coated and non-coated specimens for up to 30 days. Moreover, the osseointegration was evaluated from the rod specimens implanted in rats femoral for up to 8 weeks. In in vivo evaluations two weeks postimplantation, new bone formed on the coated and non-coated titanium rods in the cancellous bone and cortical bone, respectively. Bone-implant contact ratio, in order to evaluate of new bone formation, was significantly depended on the compound formed on the titanium implant.

scholarly journals Studying Biomimetic Coated Niobium as an Alternative Dental Implant Material to Titanium (in vitro and in vivo study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Implant Material

Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is widely used as dental implant material although it was found that titanium exhibited high modulus of elasticity and the lower corrosion tendency in oral environment. Niobium(Nb) was chosen for this study as an alternative to cpTi implant material due to its bioinert behavior and good elastic modulus and moderate cost in addition to corrosion resistance. This study was done to evaluate the effect of biomimetic coating on the surface properties of the commercially pure titanium and niobium implants by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro study was involved etching the samples of each material in HCl then soaking in 10M NaOH aqueous solution. These samples were then immersed in a 5 times concentrated simulated body fluid for 14 days. Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and X-Ray Diffraction tests were done to analyze surface changes. The in vivo study was done by the implantation of screw-shaped implants (two from each material, uncoated and the other was biomimetically coated) in the tibias of New Zealand rabbits. After 2 and 4 weeks of healing period, 20 rabbits were sacrificed for each period. A removal torque was done for ten animals in each group, whereas the other ten were used for histological testing and histomorphometric analysis with optical microscope.The in vitro experiments showed that the use of 14 days immersion in a concentrated simulated body fluid produced a layer of calcium phosphate on metal surfaces. The removal torque values and new bone formation were increased significantly in Nb than Ti, in coated than uncoated screws, and in 4 weeks than 2 weeks healing periods. The Nb implants had better biomechanical and biological properties than the commercially pure titanium implants and can be used as an alternative dental implant.

Simvastatin nanoparticles loaded polymeric film as a potential strategy for diabetic wound healing: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Tufail ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Siddique ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Sohail ◽  
Muhammad Nabeel Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Diabetic Wound ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing

Introduction: The pleiotropic effects of statins are recently explored for wound healing through angiogenesis and lymph-angiogenesis that could be of great importance in diabetic wounds. Aim: Aim of the present study is to fabricate nanofilm embedded with simvastatin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-SIM-NPs) has been reported herein to explore the efficacy of SIM in diabetic wound healing. Methods: The NPs, prepared via ionic gelation, were 173nm ± 2.645 in size with a zeta potential -0.299 ± 0.009 and PDI 0.051 ± 0.088 with excellent encapsulation efficiency (99.97%). The optimized formulation (CS: TPP, 1:1) that exhibited the highest drug release (91.64%) was incorporated into polymeric nanofilm (HPMC, Sodium alginate, PVA), followed by in vitro characterization. The optimized nanofilm was applied to the wound created on the back of diabetes-induced (with alloxan injection 120 mg/kg) albino rats. Results: The results showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the wound healing process compared to the diabetes-induced non-treated group. The results highlighted the importance of nanofilms loaded with SIM-NPs in diabetic wound healing through angiogenesis promotion at the wound site. Conclusion: Thus, CS-SIM-NPs loaded polymeric nanofilms could be an emerging diabetic wound healing agent in the industry of nanomedicines.

scholarly journals Impact of Laser Structuring on Medical-Grade Titanium: Surface Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Osteoblast Attachment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2000
Author(s):  
Kai Borcherding ◽  
Dennis Marx ◽  
Linda Gätjen ◽  
Uwe Specht ◽  
Dirk Salz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Implant Fixation ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Alpha Beta

Improved implant osteointegration offers meaningful potential for orthopedic, spinal, and dental implants. In this study, a laser treatment was used for the structuring of a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surface combined with a titanium dioxide coating, whereby a porous surface was created. The objective was to characterize the pore structure shape, treatment-related metallographic changes, cytocompatibility, and attachment of osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). The treatment generated specific bottleneck pore shapes, offering the potential for the interlocking of osteoblasts within undercuts in the implant surface. The pore dimensions were a bottleneck diameter of 27 µm (SD: 4 µm), an inner pore width of 78 µm (SD: 6 µm), and a pore depth of 129 µm (SD: 8 µm). The introduced energy of the laser changed the metallic structure of the alloy within the heat-affected region (approximately 66 µm) without any indication of a micro cracking formation. The phase of the alloy (microcrystalline alpha + beta) was changed to a martensite alpha phase in the surface region and an alpha + beta phase in the transition region between the pores. The MG-63 cells adhered to the structured titanium surface within 30 min and grew with numerous filopodia over and into the pores over the following days. Cell viability was improved on the structured surface compared to pure titanium, indicating good cytocompatibility. In particular, the demonstrated affinity of MG-63 cells to grow into the pores offers the potential to provide significantly improved implant fixation in further in vivo studies.

Investigation of Biodegradation Behavior of an Mg-1Ca Alloy during In Vivo Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razvan Adam ◽  
Horia Orban ◽  
Lavinia Dragomir ◽  
Claudia Milea ◽  
Iulian Antoniac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
In Vivo Testing

In case of an orthopedic implant, it would be ideal that resorption to occur by biodegradation and bone remodeling. The main advantage of using resorbable orthopedic implants is eliminating the need for a new surgical procedure. The use of pure magnesium for orthopedic implants shows some drawbacks, which need to be considered and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. One of the main problems encountered when pure Mg is used as biodegradable implant is represented by a high corrosion rate, faster than the rate of bone formation. The aim of this study is testing and evaluation of Mg-1Ca alloy from biocompatibility in vivo point of view. The purpose of in vivo test was to demonstrate good biocompatibility and lack of local and systemic toxicity of implants made by Mg-1Ca alloy. The study was conducted by implanting Mg-1Ca alloy parallelepiped shaped implants in the tibia of rabbits. In our tests related to Mg-1Ca alloy in vivo evaluation, there were no pathological increases in blood levels of Mg and Ca, or other elements, showing that it has no adversely affect to their metabolism. Also it shows a good bone integration, newly formed bone being adherent to the implant surface, with no tissue interposed between it and the bone. In conclusion, magnesium alloy Mg-1Ca represents a promising solution in orthopedic surgery, proving to be safe, with a high degree of biocompatibility and without toxic effects during in vivo testing.

Spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of the effects of bacteria on dental implant surfaces

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (54) ◽  
pp. 48283-48293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danieli C. Rodrigues ◽  
Sathyanarayanan Sridhar ◽  
Izabelle M. Gindri ◽  
Danyal A. Siddiqui ◽  
Pilar Valderrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Titanium Dental Implants

The surface morphology and chemical composition of commercially pure titanium dental implants and healing abutments exposed in vitro or in vivo to oral bacteria were studied.

Histological and Histomorphometric Studies of the Effects of Hyaluronic Acid on Osseointegration of Titanium Implant in Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Mohammad ◽  
Nada M. H. Al-Ghaban
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Histomorphometric Analysis ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: One of the unique prosthesis for tooth or teeth replacement is the dental implant. Our attempt is using a biomaterial system that is easily obtained and applicable and has the ability to provoke osteoinductive growth factor to enhance bone formation at the site of application. One of these natural polymers is hyaluronic acid. Material and methods: Sixty machined surface implants from commercially pure titanium rod inserted in thirty NewZealand rabbits. Two implants placed in both tibia of each rabbit. The animals scarified at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after implantation (10 rabbits for each interval). For all of animals the right tibia’s implant was control (uncoated) and the left one was experimental (coated with 0.1ml Hyaluronic acid gel). All sections have been stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin then they were histologically examined and assessed for histomorphometric analysis for counting of bone cells (osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast), cortical bone thickness, trabecular width, thread width and marrow space star volume (V*). Results: Histological findings for hyaluronic acid- coated titanium implant revealed an earlier bone formation, mineralization and maturation than that in control groups. Histomorphometric analysis for all bone parameters that examined in this study, showed highly significant difference between control and experimental groups in all healing intervals. Conclusion: Commercially pure titanium endosseous implants coated with hyaluronic acid may be osteocoductive thus accelerating healing process and enhancing osseointegration.

Air Abrasion with Bioactive Glass Eradicates Streptococcus mutans Biofilm from a Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Titanium Surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faleh Abushahba ◽  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Laura Aalto-Setälä ◽  
Leena Hupa ◽  
Timo O. Närhi
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Glass Particle ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

Streptococcus mutans is able to form a high-affinity biofilm on material surfaces. S mutans has also been detected around infected implants. Bioactive glasses (BAGs) have been shown to possess antibacterial effects against S mutans and other microorganisms. This in vitro study was performed to investigate the influence of BAG air abrasion on S mutans biofilm on sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surfaces. Sandblasted and acid-etched commercially pure titanium discs were used as substrates for bacteria (n = 107). The discs were immersed in an S mutans solution and incubated for 21 hours to form an S mutans biofilm. Twenty colonized discs were subjected to air abrasion with Bioglass 45S5 (45S5 BAG), experimental zinc oxide containing BAG (Zn4 BAG), and inert glass. After the abrasion, the discs were incubated for 5 hours in an anaerobic chamber followed by an assessment of viable S mutans cells. Surface morphology was evaluation using scanning electron microscopy (n = 12). The thrombogenicity of the glass particle–abraded discs (n = 75) was evaluated spectrophotometrically using whole-blood clotting measurement at predetermined time points. Air abrasion with 45S5 and Zn4 BAG eradicated S mutans biofilm. Significantly fewer viable S mutans cells were found on discs abraded with the 45S5 or Zn4 BAGs compared with the inert glass (P &lt; .001). No significant differences were found in thrombogenicity since blood clotting was achieved for all substrates at 40 minutes. Air abrasion with BAG particles is effective in the eradication of S mutans biofilm from sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surfaces. Zn4 and 45S5 BAGs had similar biofilm-eradicating effects, but Zn4 BAG could be more tissue friendly. In addition, the steady release of zinc ions from Zn4 may enhance bone regeneration around the titanium implant and may thus have the potential to be used in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The use of either BAGs did not enhance the speed of blood coagulation.

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