Experimental and Theoretical Study of Radiation Shielding Features of CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems

The gamma radiation shielding ability for CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 glasses were experimentally determined between 0.0595 and 1.41 MeV. The experimental MAC results were compared with theoretical results obtained from the XCOM software to test the accuracy of the experimental values. Additionally, the effect of increasing the P2O5 in the glass composition, or reducing the Na2O content, was evaluated at varying energies. For the fabricated glasses, the experimental data strongly agreed with the XCOM results. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of the fabricated glasses was also determined. The Zeff values start out at their maximum (12.41–12.55) at the lowest tested energy, 0.0595 MeV, and decrease to 10.69–10.80 at 0.245 MeV. As energy further increases, the Zeff values remain almost constant between 0.344 and 1.41 MeV. The mean free path (MFP) of the fabricated glasses is investigated and we found that the lowest MFP value occurs at the lowest tested energy, 0.0595 MeV, and lies within the range of 1.382–1.486 cm, while the greatest MFP can be found at the highest tested energy, 1.41 MeV, within the range of 8.121–8.656 cm. At all energies, the KCNP40 sample has the lowest MFP, while the KCNP60 sample has the greatest. The half value layer (HVL) for the KCNP-X glasses is determined. For all the selected energies, the HVL values follow the order of KCNP40 < KCNP45 < KCNP50 < KCNP55 < KCNP60. The HVL of the KCNP50 sample increased from 0.996 to 2.663, 3.392, 4.351, and 5.169 cm for energies of 0.0595, 0.245, 0.444, 0.779, and 1.11 MeV, respectively. The radiation protection efficiency (RPE) results reveal that decreasing the P2O5 content in the glasses improves the radiation shielding ability of the samples. Thus, the KCNP40 sample has the best potential for photon attenuation applications.

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In Silicon Monte Carlo Simulation Trials for Investigation of V2O5 Reinforcement Effect on Ternary Zinc Borate Glasses: Nuclear Radiation Shielding Dynamics

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1158

Author(s):

Huseyin O. Tekin ◽

Shams A. M. Issa ◽

Gokhan Kilic ◽

Hesham M. H. Zakaly ◽

Mohamed M. Abuzaid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

Zinc Borate ◽

Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Buildup Factor ◽

Glass Composites ◽

Mcnpx Code ◽

Negative Effect

In the current study, promising glass composites based on vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)-doped zinc borate (ZnB) were investigated in terms of their nuclear-radiation-shielding dynamics. The mass and linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, mean free path, tenth-value layer, effective atomic number, exposure-buildup factor, and energy-absorption-buildup factor were deeply simulated by using MCNPX code, Phy-X PSD code, and WinXcom to study the validation of ZBV1, ZBV2, ZBV3, and ZBV4 based on (100−x)(0.6ZnO-0.4B2O3)(x)(V2O5) (x = 1, 2, 3, 4 mol%) samples against ionizing radiation. The results showed that attenuation competencies of the studied glasses slightly changed while increasing the V2O5 content from 1 mol% to 4 mol%. The domination of ZnO concentration in the composition compared to B2O3 makes ZnO substitution with V2O5 more dominant, leading to a decrease in density. Since density has a significant role in the attenuation of gamma rays, a negative effect was observed. It can be concluded that the aforementioned substitution can negatively affect the shielding competencies of studied glasses.

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Photon Shielding Characterization of SiO2-PbO-CdO-TiO2 Glasses for Radiotheraphy Shielding Application

Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics ◽

10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v4i430150 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Idris M. Mustapha ◽

Atimga B. James ◽

Sulayman M. Bello

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Energy Region ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Photoelectric Effect ◽

High Energy ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Mass Attenuation

In this study, photon attenuation parameters of (30-x) SiO2–15PbO–10CdO-xTiO2, with x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% mol, were determined and their application as shielding material were discussed. The WinXCOM software was used to determine the mass attenuation coefficient of the studied glasses for the energy range (0.015-15MeV). The mass attenuation coefficient of the glass samples first decline up to 0.09 MeV and slightly increase abruptly and then declined uniformly for all the glasses to approximately zero after about 10 MeV. The effective atomic number (Zeff) was also calculated for the glass samples and were observe to raise from 0.015 to 0.02 MeV and then decreased between 0.02-5 MeV. On account of the dominance of the photoelectric effect in the low energy region, there was a sudden increase in Zeff at about 0.08 MeV close to the absorption edge of the Pb (0.088 MeV). The rapid increment was observed at 0.1–1.5 MeV by transcending typical Compton scattering interaction at intermediate energies for Zeff'’s and began to decrease in the same form again. The lower Zeff values were found in low and high energy region for all SPCT glasses. The calculated mean free path, half value layer and tenth value layer values were observe to decline as the TiO2 doping of the glasses increased which accounts for the three photon interaction mechanisms effectiveness in the variation of MFP and HVL values with energy. It can be concluded that SPCT glasses may be considered an alternative material for radiation shielding practices.

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Experimental Investigation of Radiation Shielding Competence of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14175061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 5061

Author(s):

Dalal Abdullah Aloraini ◽

Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽

M. I. Sayyed ◽

Hanan Al-Ghamdi ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

The Other ◽

Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Attenuation Coefficients ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Theoretical Results

The gamma-ray shielding features of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 glass systems were experimentally reported. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the fabricated glasses was experimentally measured at seven energy values (between 0.0595 and 1.33 MeV). The compatibility between the practical and theoretical results shows the accuracy of the results obtained in the laboratory for determining the MAC of the prepared samples. The mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MACs) increase with the addition of Bi2O3 and A4 glass possesses the highest MAC and LAC. A downward trend in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) with increasing the energy from 0.0595 to 1.33 MeV is found. The highest LAC is found at 1.33 MeV (in the range of 0.092–0.143 cm−1). The effective atomic number (Zeff) follows the order B1 > A1 > A2 > A3 > A4. This order emphasizes that increasing the content of Bi2O3 has a positive effect on the photon shielding proficiencies owing to the higher density of Bi2O3 compared with Na2O. The half value layer (HVL) is also determined and the HVL for the tested glasses is computed between 0.106 and 0.958 cm at 0.0595 MeV. The glass with 10 mol% of Bi2O3 has lower HVL than the glasses with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mol% of Bi2O3. So, the A4 glass needs a smaller thickness than the other glasses to shield the same radiation. As a result of the reported shielding parameters, inserting B2O3 provides lower values of these three parameters, which in turn leads to the development of superior photons shields.

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Radiation protective characteristics of some selected tungstates

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2018-3062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 (4) ◽

pp. 349-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammed I. Sayyed ◽

Gandham Lakshminarayana ◽

Mustafa R. Kaçal ◽

Ferdi Akman

Keyword(s):

Tungsten Oxide ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Attenuation Coefficients ◽

Γ Radiation ◽

Protection Efficiency ◽

Cadmium Tungstate ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Lithium Tungstate ◽

Shielding Material

Abstract The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of calcium tungstate, ammonium tungsten oxide, bismuth tungsten oxide, lithium tungstate, cadmium tungstate, magnesium tungstate, strontium tungsten oxide and sodium dodecatungstophosphate hydrate were measured at 14 photon energies in the energy range of 81–1333 keV using 22Na, 54Mn, 57Co, 60Co, 133Ba and 137Cs radioactive sources. The measured μ/ρ values were compared with those obtained from WinXCOM program and the differences between the experimental and theoretical values were very small. The bismuth tungsten oxide has the highest μ/ρ among the present samples in the studied energy region. From the μ/ρ values, we calculated the half value layer, tenth value layer and mean free path, and the results showed that ammonium tungsten oxide (which has the lowest density) and bismuth tungsten oxide (which has the highest density) possess the highest and lowest values of these three parameters, respectively. Additionally, from the incident and transmitted photon intensities, we calculated the radiation protection efficiency (RPE). The bismuth tungsten oxide was found to have RPE 98.53 % at 81 keV, which has the maximum value among the present samples and this suggested that bismuth tungsten oxide is the best to be chosen as the γ radiation shielding material candidate among the selected samples.

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Novel HMO-Glasses with Sb2O3 and TeO2 for Nuclear Radiation Shielding Purposes: A Comparative Analysis with Traditional and Novel Shields

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14154330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4330

Author(s):

Ghada ALMisned ◽

Huseyin Ozan Tekin ◽

Shams A. M. Issa ◽

Miray Çelikbilek Ersundu ◽

Ali Erçin Ersundu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

General Purpose ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

Monte Carlo Code ◽

Energy Factors ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Removal Cross Section ◽

Detrimental Impact

The radiation shielding characteristics of samples from two TeO2 and Sb2O3-based basic glass groups were investigated in this research. TeO2 and Sb2O3-based glasses were determined in the research as six samples with a composition of 10WO3-(x)MoO3-(90 − x)(TeO2/Sb2O3) (x = 10, 20, 30). A general purpose MCNPX Monte Carlo code and Phy-X/PSD platform were used to estimate the radiation shielding characteristics. Accordingly, the linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, mean free path, variation of the effective atomic number with photon energy, exposure and built-up energy factors, and effective removal cross-section values were determined. It was determined that the results that were produced using the two different techniques were consistent. Based on the collected data, the most remarkable findings were found to be associated with the sample classified as T80 (10WO3 + 10MoO3 + 80TeO2). The current study showed that material density was as equally important as composition in modifying radiation shielding characteristics. With the T80 sample with the greatest density (5.61 g/cm3) achieving the best results. Additionally, the acquired findings were compared to the radiation shielding characteristics of various glass and concrete materials. Increasing the quantity of MoO3 additive, a known heavy metal oxide, in these TeO2 and Sb2O3-based glasses may have a detrimental impact on the change in radiation shielding characteristics.

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Gamma radiation shielding properties of glasses within the TeO2-TiO2-ZnO system

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2018-3058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 (6) ◽

pp. 517-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Almatari

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Atomic Number ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Glass System ◽

Shielding Properties ◽

Mass Attenuation

Abstract Radiations are widely used in hospitals and health services in radiotherapy and molecular imaging using x-ray and gamma radiation which considered as the most penetrating radiations and very difficult to shield. In this study, the radiation shielding properties of different zinc oxide (ZnO) concentrations of the (95-x)TeO2-5TiO2-xZnO (x=5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 mol%) glass system was investigated to be introduced as a new transparency effective shielding material. In order to study shielding properties, mass attenuation coefficients in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV photon energies for the current glass system were calculated using ParShield software. Moreover, half value layer, mean free path and effective atomic number were evaluated using the obtained attenuation coefficient. The results indicated that if ZnO was added to the current glass system the mass attenuation coefficient will be decreased as well as effective atomic number values. The highest mass attenuation coefficient at all energies was found to be in TT5Z5 glass sample as well as the effective atomic number value.

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Tailoring bismuth borate glasses by incorporating PbO/GeO2 for protection against nuclear radiation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87256-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ashok Kumar ◽

Anisha Jain ◽

M. I. Sayyed ◽

Farah Laariedh ◽

K. A. Mahmoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Protection ◽

Photon Energy ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

Neutron Shielding ◽

Bismuth Borate ◽

Removal Cross Section ◽

Buildup Factors

AbstractNuclear radiation shielding capabilities for a glass series 20Bi2O3 − xPbO − (80 − 2x)B2O3 − xGeO2 (where x = 5, 10, 20, and 30 mol%) have been investigated using the Phy-X/PSD software and Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code. The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) of selected samples have been estimated through XCOM dependent Phy-X/PSD program and MCNP-5 code in the photon-energy range 0.015–15 MeV. So obtained μm values are used to calculate other γ-ray shielding parameters such as half-value layer (HVL), mean-free-path (MFP), etc. The calculated μm values were found to be 71.20 cm2/g, 76.03 cm2/g, 84.24 cm2/g, and 90.94 cm2/g for four glasses S1 to S4, respectively. The effective atomic number (Zeff)values vary between 69.87 and 17.11 for S1 or 75.66 and 29.11 for S4 over 0.05–15 MeV of photon-energy. Sample S4, which has a larger PbO/GeO2 of 30 mol% in the bismuth-borate glass, possesses the lowest MFP and HVL, providing higher radiation protection efficiency compared to all other combinations. It shows outperformance while compared the calculated parameters (HVL and MFP) with the commercial shielding glasses, different alloys, polymers, standard shielding concretes, and ceramics. Geometric Progression (G-P) was applied for evaluating the energy absorption and exposure buildup factors at energies 0.015–15 MeV with penetration depths up to 40 mfp. The buildup factors showed dependence on the MFP and photon-energy as well. The studied samples' neutron shielding behavior was also evaluated by calculating the fast neutron removal cross-section (ΣR), i.e. found to be 0.139 cm−1 for S1, 0.133 cm−1 for S2, 0.128 cm−1 for S3, and 0.12 cm−1 for S4. The results reveal a great potential for using a glass composite sample S4 in radiation protection applications.

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Photon Attenuation Coefficients of Fly-Ash Based Geopolymers Synthesized with Different Barite Proportions

European Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.4.84 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Sabri M. Shalbi ◽

A. M. Al-Jarrah ◽

M. S. Jaafar ◽

Naser M. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Point Sources ◽

Attenuation Coefficients ◽

Increase With Increase ◽

Photon Attenuation ◽

Protection Devices ◽

Experimental Values

Mass attenuation coefficients of fly-ash based geopolymers fabricated with different proportions of barite are measured using a high-resolution NaI spectrometer detector. After fabrication, the samples were irradiated with gamma-rays emitted from point sources of 241Am and 137Cs. The measured experimental values are found to be consistent with theoretical calculations carried out using the XCOM program. Based on the results, the radiation shielding capacity of the geopolymers is found to increase with increase in barite proportion. In addition, the fly-ash based geopolymers fall within the internationally established range and are thus acceptable for use as radiation protection devices.

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The Vital Role of La2O3 on the La2O3-CaO-B2O3-SiO2 Glass System for Shielding Some Common Gamma Ray Radioactive Sources

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14174776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 4776 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanan Al-Ghamdi ◽

Mengge Dong ◽

M. I. Sayyed ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Vital Role ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Sio2 Glass

The role La2O3 on the radiation shielding properties of La2O3-CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass systems was investigated. The energies were selected between 0.284 and 1.275 MeV and Phy-X software was used for the calculations. BLa10 glass had the least linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) at all the tested energies, while BLa30 had the greatest, which indicated that increasing the content of La2O3 in the BLa-X glasses enhances the shielding performance of these glasses. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of BLa15 decreases from 0.150 cm2/g to 0.054 cm2/g at energies of 0.284 MeV and 1.275 MeV, respectively, while the MAC of BLa25 decreases from 0.164 cm2/g to 0.053 cm2/g for the same energies, respectively. At all energies, the effective atomic number (Zeff) values follow the trend BLa10 < BLa15 < BLa20 < BLa25 < BLa30. The half value thickness (HVL) of the BLa-X glass shields were also investigated. The minimum HVL values are found at 0.284 MeV. The HVL results demonstrated that BLa30 is the most space-efficient shield. The tenth value layer (TVL) results demonstrated that the glasses are more effective attenuators at lower energies, while decreasing in ability at greater energies. These mean free path results proved that increasing the density of the glasses, by increasing the amount of La2O3 content, lowers MFP, and increases attenuation, which means that BLa30, the glass with the greatest density, absorbs the most amount of radiation.

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Optimizing the shielding properties of strength-enhanced concrete containing marble

Papers in Physics ◽

10.4279/pip.120005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 120005

Author(s):

Ahmed ABDEL-LATIF ◽

Maged Kassab ◽

M. I. Sayyed ◽

H. O. Tekin

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Low Cost ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Neutron Radiation ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Removal Cross Section ◽

Shielding Properties

The purpose of this study is to develop a low cost, locally produced concrete mixture with optimum marble content. The resulting mixture would have enhanced strength properties compared to the non-marble reference concrete, and improved radiation shielding properties. To accomplish these goals five concrete mixtures were prepared, containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% marble waste powder as a cement replacement on the basis of weight.These samples were subjected to a compressive strength test. The shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients μm, mean free path MFP, effective atomic number $Z_{eff}$ and exposure build-up factors EBF were measured, and results were compared with those obtained using the WinXcom program and MCNPX code in the photon energy range of 0.015 - 3 MeV. Moreover, the macroscopic fast neutron removal cross-section (neutron attenuation coefficient) was calculated and the results presented. The results show that the sample which contains 10% marble has the highest compressive strength and potentiallygood gamma ray and neutron radiation shielding properties.

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