Nanocarbon Type Xerogel Materials Designed for Water Desalination

The relative performance of different porous solids in different applications is highly dependent on the internal pore structure of each material. Highly porous carbon materials can be prepared by evaporative drying and the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels. By determining the correct synthesis parameters, the pore system of such materials can be reshaped. Depending on some important processing factors such as the dilution ratio or the initial pH of the precursor solution, various porous or non-porous carbon materials can be synthesized. This paper addresses carbon xerogels (CX) designed as a material electrode in capacitive deionization (CDI) systems for water desalination. In this work CX materials were synthesized via poly-condensation reactions of resorcinol with formaldehyde (RF) on a carbon felt sheet followed by pyrolysis. The resulting sheets were used as electrodes to develop a CDI experimental multi-cell laboratory system. The initial pH of the RF solution and the dilution ratio effect on the resulting carbon surface area and structure were analyzed. Surface area measurements using the BET method and an electrochemical capacitance evaluation of the obtained xerogels through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were also performed. Finally, using our experimental CDI multi-cell laboratory system based on the obtained CX, we discuss the experimental data for the desalination rate as a function of the voltage and salt concentration. As a result, the developed model’s efficiency is demonstrated. The main goal of this work was to develop an efficient electrode-based novel carbon that could be commercially competitive, as well as to create guidelines for future desalination research using CX electrode materials.

Download Full-text

Effect of Air Oxidation on Texture, Surface Properties and Dye Adsorption of Wood-Derived Porous Carbon Materials

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12101675 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1675 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suhong Ren ◽

Liping Deng ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

Yafang Lei ◽

Haiqing Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Carbon Surface ◽

Air Oxidation ◽

Activation Temperature ◽

Porous Carbon Materials ◽

Hierarchical Porous

Hierarchical porous carbon materials made from cork were fabricated using a facile and green method combined with air activation, without any templates and chemical agents. The influence of air activation on the texture and other surface characteristics of the carbon materials were evaluated by various characterization techniques. Results indicate that air oxidation can effectively improve the surface area and the hierarchical porous structure of carbon materials, as well as increase the number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon surface. The specific surface area and the pore volume of the carbon material activated by air at 450 °C (C800-M450) can reach 580 m2/g and 0.379 cm3/g, respectively. These values are considerably higher than those for the non-activated material (C800, 376 m2/g, 0.201 cm3/g). The contents of the functional groups (C–O, C=O and O–H) increased with rising activation temperature. After air activation, the adsorption capacity of the carbon materials for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) was increased from 7.7 and 6.4 mg/g for C800 to 312.5 and 97.1 mg/g for C800-M450, respectively. The excellent dye removal of the materials suggests that the porous carbon obtained from biomass can be potentially used for wastewater treatment.

Download Full-text

Dopamine Assisted One-Step Pyrolysis of Glucose for the Preparation of Porous Carbon with A High Surface Area

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano8100854 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 854 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hanbo Xiao ◽

Cheng-an Tao ◽

Yujiao Li ◽

Xianzhe Chen ◽

Jian Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

High Current Density ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Energy Storage Materials ◽

One Pot ◽

Component Structure ◽

Porous Carbon Materials

Herein, a facile dopamine assisted one-pot synthesis approach is proposed for the preparation of porous carbon with a specific surface area (SSA) up to 2593 m2/g through the direct pyrolysis of a mixture of glucose, NH4Cl, and dopamine hydrochloride (DAH). The glucose is adopted as the carbon source and foaming agent, NH4Cl is used as the blowing agent, and DAH is served as collaborative carbon precursor as well as the nitrogen source for the first time. The effect of dopamine on the component, structure, and SSA of the as-prepared porous carbon materials are systematically studied. The moderate addition of dopamine, which influences the condensation and polymerization of glucose, matches better with ammonium salt decomposition. The SSA of porous carbon increases first and then decreases with the increasing amount of dopamine. In our case, the porous carbon produced with 5 wt% dopamine (PC-5) achieves the maximum SSA of up to 2593 m2/g. Accordingly, it also shows the greatest electrochemical performance. The PC-5 shows a capacitance of 96.7 F/g calculated from the discharge curve at 1 A/g. It also has a good capacitive rate capacity, the specific capacitance can still maintain 80%, even at a high current density of 10 A/g. Moreover, PC-5 exhibits a good cycling stability of 98.1% capacitive retention after 1000 cycles. The proposed method may show promising prospects for preparing porous carbon materials as advanced energy storage materials, storage, and catalyst supports.

Download Full-text

Insight into specific surface area, microporosity and N, P co-doping of porous carbon materials in the acetone adsorption

Materials Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 123930

Author(s):

Changqing Su ◽

Yang Guo ◽

Lingyun Yu ◽

Jianwu Zou ◽

Zheng Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Porous Carbon Materials ◽

Co Doping ◽

Acetone Adsorption ◽

Insight Into

Download Full-text

Porous carbon materials derived from waste cotton stalk with ultra-high surface area for high performance supercapacitors

Materials Research Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111457 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111457

Author(s):

Jianshen Tian ◽

Tao Zhang ◽

Dilinuer Talifu ◽

Abulikemu Abulizi ◽

Yajun Ji

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

High Performance ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Cotton Stalk ◽

Porous Carbon Materials

Download Full-text

Effect of surface area and heteroatom of porous carbon materials on electrochemical capacitance in aqueous and organic electrolytes

Science China Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s11426-014-5123-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 1570-1578 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

RuTao Wang ◽

JunWei Lang ◽

XingBin Yan

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Electrochemical Capacitance ◽

Organic Electrolytes ◽

Porous Carbon Materials ◽

Effect Of Surface

Download Full-text

Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Materials Derived from Graphene Oxide/Melamine Resin Composites for CO2 Adsorption

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26175293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 5293

Author(s):

Like Ouyang ◽

Jianfei Xiao ◽

Housheng Jiang ◽

Shaojun Yuan

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Surface Area ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Co2 Adsorption ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Porous Carbon Materials ◽

Adsorption Sites

CO2 adsorption in porous carbon materials has attracted great interests for alleviating emission of post-combustion CO2. In this work, a novel nitrogen-doped porous carbon material was fabricated by carbonizing the precursor of melamine-resorcinol-formaldehyde resin/graphene oxide (MR/GO) composites with KOH as the activation agent. Detailed characterization results revealed that the fabricated MR(0.25)/GO-500 porous carbon (0.25 represented the amount of GO added in wt.% and 500 denoted activation temperature in °C) had well-defined pore size distribution, high specific surface area (1264 m2·g−1) and high nitrogen content (6.92 wt.%), which was mainly composed of the pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N species. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the fabricated MR(0.25)/GO-500 porous carbon delivered excellent CO2 adsorption ability of 5.21 mmol·g−1 at 298.15 K and 500 kPa, and such porous carbon also exhibited fast adsorption kinetics, high selectivity of CO2/N2 and good recyclability. With the inherent microstructure features of high surface area and abundant N adsorption sites species, the MR/GO-derived porous carbon materials offer a potentially promising adsorbent for practical CO2 capture.

Download Full-text

Synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials from carboxymethyl cellulose based protic polyanion ionic liquids for high performance supercapacitors

Sustainable Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1039/d0se00188k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 3418-3427 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zaiquan Li ◽

Qinqin Xu ◽

Lin Zhang ◽

Xia Wang ◽

Feng He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Surface Area ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

High Performance ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Polycarboxylic Acid ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Porous Carbon Materials ◽

Supercapacitor Performance

Carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a sustainable polycarboxylic acid to prepare polyprotic ionic liquids, which were successfully used as precursors for the synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area N-doped porous carbon materials with excellent supercapacitor performance.

Download Full-text