Base Materials’ Influence on Fracture Resistance of Molars with MOD Cavities

The aim of this study was to compare fracture resistance of teeth presenting medium-sized mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities using different base materials. Thirty-six extracted molars were immersed for 48 h in saline solution (0.1% thymol at 4 °C) and divided into six groups. In group A, the molars were untouched, and in group B, cavities were prepared, but not filled. In group C, we used zinc polycarboxylate cement, in group D—conventional glass ionomer cement, in group E—resin modified glass ionomer cement, and in group F—flow composite. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal loading machine (Lloyd Instruments) with a maximum force of 5 kN and a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min; we used NEXYGEN Data Analysis Software and ANOVA Method (p < 0.05). The smallest load that determined the sample failure was 2780 N for Group A, 865 N for Group B, 1210 N for Group C, 1340 N for Group D, 1630 N for Group E and 1742 N for Group F. The highest loads were 3050 N (A), 1040 N (B), 1430 N (C), 1500 N (D), 1790 N (E), and 3320 N (F), the mean values being 2902 ± 114 N (A), 972 ± 65 N (B), 1339 ± 84 N (C), 1415 ± 67 N (D), 1712 ± 62 N (E), and 2334 ± 662 N (F). A p = 0.000195 shows a statistically significant difference between groups C, D, E and F. For medium sized mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities, the best base material regarding fracture resistance was flow composite, followed by glass ionomer modified with resin, conventional glass ionomer cement and zinc polycarboxylate cement. It can be concluded that light-cured base materials are a better option for the analyzed use case, one of the possible reasons being their compatibility with the final restoration material, also light-cured.

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Glass Ionomer Cement in Incorporation with Biogenic Zingiber officinale Capped Silver-Nanobiotic, Chlorhexidine Diacetate and Lyophilized Miswak

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27020528 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 528

Author(s):

Amal Adnan Ashour ◽

Sakeenabi Basha ◽

Nayef H. Felemban ◽

Enas T. Enan ◽

Amal Ahmed Alyamani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Combination Group ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D ◽

Ionomer Cement

In the present study, Zingiber officinale is used for the synthesis of Zingiber officinale capped silver nanoparticles (ZOE-AgNPs) and compares the antimicrobial efficacy and compressive strength of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) combined with ZOE-AgNPs, lyophilized miswak, and chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) against oral microbes. Five groups of the disc-shaped GIC specimens were prepared. Group A: lyophilized miswak and GIC combination, Group B: ZOE-AgNPs and GIC combinations, Group C: CHX and GIC combination, Group D: ZOE-AgNPs + CHX + GIC; Group E: Conventional GIC. Results confirmed the successful formation of ZOE-AgNPs that was monitored by UV-Vis sharp absorption spectra at 415 nm. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results revealed the formation of ZOE-AgNPs with a mean size 10.5–14.12 nm. The peaks of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were appearing the involvement of ZOE components onto the surface of ZOE-AgNPs which played as bioreducing, and stabilizing agents. At a 24-h, one-week and three-week intervals, Group D showed the significantly highest mean inhibitory zones compared to Group A, Group B, and Group C. At microbe-level comparison, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited significantly by all the specimens tested except group E when compared to Candida albicans. Group D specimens showed slightly higher (45.8 ± 5.4) mean compressive strength in comparison with other groups. The combination of GIC with ZOE-AgNPs and chlorhexidine together enhanced its antimicrobial efficacy and compressive strength compared to GIC with ZOE-AgNPs or lyophilized miswak or chlorhexidine combination alone. The present study revealed that The combination of GIC with active components of ZOE-AgNPs and chlorhexidine paves the way to lead its effective nano-dental materials applications.

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Assessment of the Antibacterial Property of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Glass Ionomer Cement Mixture

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2730856 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 58-64

Author(s):

Ankita Komal Labh ◽

Anjaneyulu K. ◽

Muralidharan N. P.

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Property ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Filling Material ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D ◽

Ionomer Cement

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is an experimental material used for the capping of pulps as well as a root end filling material. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a widely used dental restorative due to its high mechanical strength and antibacterial function. The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial property of MTA when mixed with GIC. The study comprised four groups with 5 samples each: Group A (MTA), group B (GIC), groups C (MTA+GIC+MTA Liquid) and group D (MTA+GIC+GIC Liquid). All samples were tested against Enterococcus faecalis using Agar well diffusion method in Tryptone soya agar. The One-way ANOVA test was employed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for MacOS (Version 19, 2010) with the level of significance set at P<0.05. The average zone of inhibition of group A was 18.6 ± 1.714 mm, group B was 0.4 ± 0.548 mm, group C was 18.6 ± 2.608 mm and group D was 12.8 ± 2.168 mm. Data was statistically significant, F(3,16)=11.631, P<0.001. The antibacterial activity of MTA and MTA when mixed with GIC and MTA liquid is similar but better than other study groups.

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Comparison of microleakage of an alkasite restorative material, a composite resin and a resin-modified glass ionomer

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8663981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. e213981

Author(s):

Fariba Motevasselian ◽

Hamid Kermanshah ◽

Ebrahim Rasoulkhani ◽

Mutlu Özcan

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Group A ◽

Nanohybrid Composite ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Aim: To compare the microleakage of Cention N, a subgroup of composite resins with a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and a composite resin. Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 46 extracted human molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups. Group A: Tetric N-Bond etch-and-rinse adhesive and Tetric N-Ceram nanohybrid composite resin, group B: Cention N without adhesive, group C: Cention N with adhesive, and group D: Fuji II LC RMGI. The teeth were thermocycled between 5°-55°C (×10,000). The teeth were coated with two layers of nail vanish except for 1 mm around the restoration margins, and immersed in 2% methylene blue (37°C, 24 h) before buccolingual sectioning to evaluate dye penetration under a stereomicroscope (×20). The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). Results: Type of material and restoration margin had significant effects on the microleakage (p<0.05). Dentin margins showed a higher leakage score in all groups. Cention N and RMGI groups showed significant differences at the enamel margin (p=0.025, p=0.011), and for the latter group the scores were higher. No significant difference was found at the dentin margins between the materials except between Cention N with adhesive and RMGI (p=0.031). Conclusion: Microleakage was evident in all three restorative materials. Cention N groups showed similar microleakage scores to the composite resin and displayed lower microleakage scores compared with RMGI.

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SEALING ABILITY OF MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE, CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CEMENT, AND GLASS IONOMER CEMENT IN THE REPAIR OF FURCATION PERFORATIONS

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove Czech Republic) ◽

10.14712/18059694.2014.16 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 97-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Prabath Singh ◽

Joseph Paul ◽

Abdul Aziz Al-Khuraif ◽

Sajith Vellappally ◽

Hassan Suliman Halawany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Sealing Ability ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Ionomer Cement

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro sealing ability of three repair materials. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Group A), calcium phosphate cement (CPC; Group B), and light cured glass ionomer cement (GIC; Group C) when used to repair the perforation created in the pulpal floor of fifty extracted human permanent molars. Materials and methods: Preparation of access openings and furcation perforations were done, and the teeth divided into five experimental groups (A, B, C) including two controls (D, E) with ten samples in each group randomly. Following the repair procedure, the pulp chambers and access openings were filled with composite resin and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 48 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear dye penetration measured under a stereomicroscope. Results: The comparison of the linear length of micro-leakage (mm) among the experimental groups revealed no significant difference (p = 0.332). On calculating the percentage of depth of leakage to the total length of the perforation, it was observed that the mean leakage was 35.5% in Group A, 53.6% in Group B and the highest, 87.5% in Group C. The mean of leakage percentage was statistically significant by Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.003). The results indicated that the dye penetration used as furcation perforation repair material was least with mineral trioxide aggregate. Comparing the depth of penetration of dye, 50% of the Group A samples showed less than 25% of depth penetration. While 40% of Group B cases had more than 50% dye penetration. In our study, all Group C teeth had ≥ 50% dye penetration. Conclusions: The present study indicated that GIC had the greatest dye penetration followed by CPC and MTA. Mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium phosphate cement had comparatively better sealing ability than glass ionomer cement.

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The Effect of Varying Ferrule Modes on Fracture Resistance of Canines Restored with One-Piece Milled Zirconia Post and Core

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.624.98 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 624 ◽

pp. 98-102

Author(s):

Yao Kun Zhang ◽

Long Quan Shao ◽

Ruo Yu Liu ◽

Lin Lin Wang ◽

Jun Ai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zirconia Crowns ◽

Group A ◽

Post And Core ◽

Resistance Decrease ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

The aim of this invitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated canines restored with one-piece milled zirconia post and core in the varying ferrule modes. Fifty recently extracted human maxillary canines were endodontically treated and randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 specimens each. According to the defect degree of ferrule, intact ferrule was classified as group A and served as control, 2 mm ferrule height without buccal ferrule was classified as group B, 2 mm ferrule height without mesial and buccal ferrule was classified as group C, 2 mm ferrule height without mesial, buccal and lingual ferrule was classified as group D, no ferrule preparation was classified as group E. All of the teeth were restored with one-piece milled zirconia post and core, and zirconia crowns. The teeth were prepared to standardized specifications. The restored teeth were loaded to fracture at a 135° angle to their long axis, at a cross-head speed 0.5 mm/min, and the load (N) at failure was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by SNK pairwise multiple comparisons (α=0.05). The mean fracture resistance of five groups as follows: 1019.30±139.01N for group A, 861.20±105.67N for group B, 833.70±100.56N for group C, 733.20±96.91N for group D, 698.00±99.90N for group E. The fracture resistance of restored teeth between group B and group C, group D and group E had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). The fracture resistance of the rest pairwise group comparisons had statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Increasing the absence degree of ferrule, it was found that the fracture resistance decrease. The buccal and lingual ferrule were more important than mesial ferrule for enhanced fracture resistance. This in vitro study supports evidence that reserving the buccal and lingual ferrule is a key point to increase the fracture resistance of canines restored with one-piece milled zirconia post and core.

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Influence of Different Diameters and Materials of Posts on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.286 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 633 ◽

pp. 286-289

Author(s):

Li Xian Zhang ◽

Yu Xiao Liu ◽

Ya Li Liu ◽

Qiong Rong

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Fiber Post ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Different Diameters ◽

Group D ◽

Titanium Post

Objective: To evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth reinforced with cast titanium posts and prefabricated glass-fiber posts with different diameters. Materials and Methods: 50 recently extracted human maxillary central incisors were endodontically treated and randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 specimens each: Group A: 1.35mm diameter of cast titanium post; Group B: 1.5mm diameter of cast titanium post; Group C: 1.375mm diameter of prefabricated fiber post; Group D: 1.5mm diameter of prefabricated fiber post; Group E: resin restoration. All specimens were subjected to fracture resistance testing in a universal testing machine, statistical analysis was performed and the fracture modes were analyzed. Results: The mean fracture resistance of five groups as follows: 404.22±73.92N for group A, 488.17±78.68N for group B, 280.32±45.23N for group C, 317.53±50.87N for group D, 222.76±38.67N for group E. The fracture resistance of restored teeth between group C and group D had no significant difference (P>0.05). The fracture resistance of the rest pairwise group comparisons had significant difference (P<0.05). Most of cast post samples fractured at the root middle or apical portion, while most of the fiber post samples fractured at the root cervical or post fracture, which could be retreated. Conclusion: Human maxillary central incisors restored with cast posts could bear higher fracture load and fiber post could protect the root from fracture preferably.

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Assessing Fracture Resistance of Restored Premolars with Novel Composite Materials: An In Vitro Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/5512708 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Zahraa Abdulaali Al-Ibraheemi ◽

Huda Abbas Abdullah ◽

Nada Abdlameer Jawad ◽

Julfikar Haider

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

During restorative treatment, premolars restored with resin filling materials using the conventional incremental-fill technique take longer restoration time and undermine the integrity of the tooth. The aim of this study was to assess fracture resistance of premolars restored by various types of novel bulk-fill composite resin materials. Forty-eight (n = 48) freshly extracted sound maxillary first premolars were used in this in vitro study. The teeth were divided into six groups, each having 8 specimens. Group A (positive control) was allocated for the intact teeth. For specimens in Groups B to F, a large cavity (Class-II MOD) was prepared with a standardized dimension of cavity (3 mm depth on the pulpal floor, 4 mm at the gingival seat, and 3 mm cavity width). Group B represented prepared teeth without any restoration. Group C, Group D, Group E, and Group F were restored with Tetric EvoCeram® incremental-fill (conventional), Beautifil bulk-fill, Filtek posterior bulk-fill, and SonicFill 2 bulk-fill restorative materials, respectively. All samples were finished and polished with an enhanced finishing kit and stored in distilled water for a month before the fracture resistance testing. All the samples were exposed to the axial loading (the speed of crosshead was 1 mm/min) in a computer-controlled universal testing machine (LARYEE, China) via a steel bar (6 mm in diameter) and the maximum applied force in Newton was recorded as the fracture resistance. One-way analysis of variance (SPSS 21) was used to compare the fracture resistance within the groups, and Tukey’s post hoc test was used to determine the difference between the groups. The lowest value of fracture resistance was recorded for Group B, and the highest value was recorded for Group A followed by the values of Group D, Group C, Group F, and Group E. One-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups ( P < 0.05 ). Nonsignificant difference was found between the premolars restored by bulk-fill and conventional composites. Among the bulk-fill restored specimens, Beautifil restorative demonstrated significantly higher fracture resistance in comparison with the other two bulk-fill restored specimen groups (SonicFill 2 and Filtek). Bulk-fill composite such as Beautifil could be an alternative option to conventional incremental-fill composite for premolar restoration.

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Evaluating the Mechanical Properties, and Calcium and Fluoride Release of Glass-Ionomer Cement Modified with Chicken Eggshell Powder

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj6030040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Gehan Allam ◽

Ola Abd El-Geleel

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Calcium Release ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Ion Release ◽

Chicken Eggshell ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Ionomer Cement

The aim of this study was to test the effect of adding chicken eggshell powder (CESP) to conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) on its mechanical properties, and fluoride and calcium release. CESP was added with proportions of 3% and 5% by weight to the powder component of conventional glass-ionomer cement. The specimens were categorized into group A: GIC without CESP; group B: GIC with 3% wt. CESP; and group C: GIC with 5% wt. CESP; there were 12 specimens in each group. Groups B and C showed higher compressive strength values compared to group A. However, microhardness scores were higher in group C compared to groups A and B. As for ion-release results, group B displayed the highest values of fluoride release followed by group C at both 7 and 30 days. Group C showed the highest amount of calcium release followed by both groups B and C at 7 days, while at 30 days, groups A and B showed higher calcium release compared to group C. The mechanical properties of conventional glass-ionomer restorative material were enhanced by the addition of CESP. Moreover, fluoride and calcium release were not compromised by adding CESP.

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Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars Restored by Various Direct Filling Materials: An In Vitro Study

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2016/9138945 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jozef Mincik ◽

Daniel Urban ◽

Silvia Timkova ◽

Renata Urban

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Mean Values ◽

Compression Load ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Maxillary Premolars ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of various restorative materials on fracture resistance in maxillary premolars. Premolars (n=64) with no restorations or cracks were selected. MOD cavities were prepared considering the buccolingual width to be equal to half of the intercuspal distance. The specimens were randomly divided into 8 groups, 8 specimens each:group Aintact teeth,group Bunfilled cavity,group Ccomposite made by oblique layering technique,group Dcomposite with 2 mm cusp coverage,group Ebulk-filled posterior composite,group Fglass-ionomer,group Gamalgam, andgroup Hcomposite with proximal boxes. The specimens were subjected to an axial compression load with the mean values of fracture resistance in group A: 1289 N, group B: 181.75 N, group C: 445.38 N, group D: 645.88 N, group E: 355.13 N, group F: 352.00 N, group G: 191.38 N, and group H: 572.00 N. There was no significant difference between groups B and G, between C and D, E, and F, and between group D and H. All other measurements were statistically significant. We conclude that composite restoration with cusp coverage is the most ideal nonprosthetic solution for endodontically treated teeth. Cusp coverage increases the fracture resistance compared to the conventional cavity design.

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The Role of Obesity in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000517180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Serdar Sahin ◽

Havva Sezer ◽

Ebru Cicek ◽

Yeliz Yagız Ozogul ◽

Murat Yildirim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Study Groups ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Care Providers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Introduction: The aim of this was to describe the predictors of mortality related to COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Methods: We included the patients >18 years of age, with at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Patients were grouped according to body mass index values as normal weight <25 kg/m2 (Group A), overweight from 25 to <30 kg/m2 (Group B), Class I obesity 30 to <35 kg/m2 (Group C), and ≥35 kg/m2 (Group D). Mortality, clinical outcomes, laboratory parameters, and comorbidities were compared among 4 groups. Results: There was no significant difference among study groups in terms of mortality. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation requirement was higher in group B and D than group A, while it was higher in Group D than Group C (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.017], Group D vs. Group A [p = 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.016]). Lung involvement was less common in Group A, and presence of hypoxia was more common in Group D (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.025], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p = 0.006], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.014]). The hospitalization rate was lower in Group A than in the other groups; in addition, patients in Group D have the highest rate of hospitalization (Group B vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group C vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p < 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.010]). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity presented with more severe clinical findings. Health-care providers should take into account that people living with overweight and obesity are at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications.

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