scholarly journals Comparison of Aerosol Pt, Au and Ag Nanoparticles Agglomerates Laser Sintering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Kirill Khabarov ◽  
Messan Nouraldeen ◽  
Sergei Tikhonov ◽  
Anna Lizunova ◽  
Olesya Seraya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Extinction Cross Section ◽  
Critical Energy Density ◽  
Sintering Mechanisms

In this paper, we investigated the interaction of nanosecond pulsed-periodic infrared (IR) laser radiation at a 50 and 500 Hz repetition rate with aerosol platinum (Pt) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles agglomerates obtained in a spark discharge. Results showed the complete transformation of Pt dendrite-like agglomerates with sizes of 300 nm into individual spherical nanoparticles directly in a gas flow under 1053 nm laser pulses with energy density 3.5 mJ/cm2. Notably, the critical energy density required for this process depended on the size distribution and extinction of agglomerates nanoparticles. Based on the extinction cross-section spectra results, Ag nanoparticles exhibit a weaker extinction in the IR region in contrast to Pt, so they were not completely modified even under the pulses with energy density up to 12.7 mJ/cm2. The obtained results for Ag and Pt laser sintering were compared with corresponding modification of gold (Au) nanoparticles studied in our previous work. Here we considered the sintering mechanisms for Ag, Pt and Au nanoparticles agglomerates in the aerosol phase and proposed the model of their laser sintering based on one-stage for Pt agglomerates and two-stage shrinkage processes for Au and Ag agglomerates.

scholarly journals Initial Energy Density of √ s = 7 and 8 TeV p+p Collisions at the LHC

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mate Csanad ◽  
Tamas Csorgo ◽  
Ze-Fang Jiang ◽  
Chun-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
High Multiplicity ◽  
Initial Energy Density ◽  
Critical Energy Density ◽  
High Energy Collisions ◽  
8 Tev ◽  
Natural Description

Accelerating, exact, explicit and simple solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics allow for a simple and natural description of highly relativistic p+p collisions. These solutions yield a finite rapidity distribution, thus they lead to an advanced estimate of the initial energy density of high energy collisions. We show that such an advanced estimate yields an initial energy density in $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV p+p collisions at LHC around or above the critical energy density from lattice QCD, and a corresponding initial temperature above the critical temperature from QCD and the Hagedorn temperature. This suggests that the collision energy of the LHC corresponds to a large enough initial energy density to create a non-hadronic perfect fluid even in pp collisions. %We also show, that several times the %critical energy density may have been reached in high multiplicity events, hinting at a non-hadronic medium created in %high multiplicity $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV p+p collisions.

Epitaxial Regrowth of a-GaAs/(100) Silicon By Excimer Laser Annealing at 248 nm

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Christou ◽  
T. Efthimiopoulos ◽  
G. Kyriakidis ◽  
C. Varmazis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Laser Annealing ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Excimer Laser Annealing ◽  
Epitaxial Regrowth ◽  
Critical Energy Density

ABSTRACTExcimer laser annealing at 248 nm has resulted in the recrystallization of a-GaAs on (100) silicon. An AlAs encapsulation layer was found to be necessary to prevent the loss of arsenic during laser annealing. An energy density of 105 mJ/cm2 was the critical energy density which gave optimum results. Field effect transistors were fabricated on the regrown (100) GaAs utilizing ion implantation for the n-type channel, and resulted in a transconductance of 70–80 mS/mm.

Comparison of Nanosized Pattern of Calixarene and ZEP520 Resists by Using Energy Deposition Distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Takuya Komori ◽  
Zulfakri bin Mohamad ◽  
You Yin ◽  
Sumio Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Probe Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Capillary Force ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Critical Energy Density ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Positive Resist

We numerically modeled the process of exposure and development of the calixarene negative resist and ZEP520 positive resist in electron beam lithography (EBL) in order to understand the limitation of nanopatterning of these two resists and to improve the resolution of the patterning. From the calculation of energy deposition distribution (EDD) in resist at various beam diameters, it is obvious that the fine probe beam with a diameter of 2 nm and thin resist should be adopted for formation of very fine dots. The simulation of resist development profile indicates that a dot size of 2 nm with a pitch of 20 nm can even be obtained at a higher critical energy density by using calixarene resist, while it cannot form the small pattern by using the ZEP520 resist because of the capillary force.

scholarly journals Critical energy-density profile near walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Borjan ◽  
O. A. Vasilyev ◽  
P. J. Upton ◽  
S. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Critical Energy Density
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