scholarly journals 2-Alkyl-4-hydroxyquinolines from a Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. Inhibit Hyphal Growth Induction in Candida albicans

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heegyu Kim ◽  
Ji-Yeon Hwang ◽  
Beomkoo Chung ◽  
Eunji Cho ◽  
Suhyun Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Camp Pathway ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Growth Induction

Four 2-alkyl-4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (1–4) were isolated from a semisolid rice culture of the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. MBTG13. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods, and their data were in good agreement with previous reports. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak to moderate antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Unexpectedly, we found that compound 1 acted as a potent inhibitor of hyphal growth induction in the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans, with an IC50 value of 11.4 μg/mL. Growth experiments showed that this compound did not inhibit yeast cell growth, but inhibited hyphal growth induction. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis of hyphal-inducing signaling pathway components indicated that compound 1 inhibited the expression of mRNAs related to the cAMP-Efg1 pathway. The expression of HWP1 and ALS3 mRNAs (hypha-specific genes positively regulated by Efg1, an important regulator of cell wall dynamics) was significantly inhibited by the addition of compound 1. These results indicate that compound 1 acts on the Efg1-mediated cAMP pathway and regulates hyphal growth in Candida albicans.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Eucarobustol E against Candida albicans

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Huan Liu ◽  
Zhi-Chun Shang ◽  
Tian-Xiao Li ◽  
Ming-Hua Yang ◽  
Ling-Yi Kong
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Formyl-phloroglucinol meroterpenoids (FPMs) are important types of natural products with various bioactivities. Our antifungal susceptibility assay showed that one of the Eucalyptus robusta-derived FPMs, eucarobustol E (EE), exerted a strong inhibitory effect against Candida albicans biofilms at a concentration of 16 μg/ml. EE was found to block the yeast-to-hypha transition and reduce the cellular surface hydrophobicity of the biofilm cells. RNA sequencing and real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that exposure to 16 μg/ml of EE resulted in marked reductions in the levels of expressions of genes involved in hyphal growth (EFG1, CPH1, TEC1, EED1, UME6, and HGC1) and cell surface protein genes (ALS3, HWP1, and SAP5). Interestingly, in response to EE, genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis were downregulated, while the farnesol-encoding gene (DPP3) was upregulated, and these findings were in agreement with those from the quantification of ergosterol and farnesol. Combined with the obvious elevation of negative regulator genes (TUP1, NRG1), we speculated that EE's inhibition of carbon flow to ergosterol triggered the mechanisms of the negative regulation of hyphal growth and eventually led to biofilm inhibition.

scholarly journals Pseudohyphal Regulation by the Transcription Factor Rfg1p in Candida albicans

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1363-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Cleary ◽  
Priyadarshini Mulabagal ◽  
Sara M. Reinhard ◽  
Nishant P. Yadev ◽  
Craig Murdoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Hypha Formation

ABSTRACT The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is a major cause of nosocomial infections. One of the fundamental features of C. albicans pathogenesis is the yeast-to-hypha transition. Hypha formation is controlled positively by transcription factors such as Efg1p and Cph1p, which are required for hyphal growth, and negatively by Tup1p, Rfg1p, and Nrg1p. Previous work by our group has shown that modulating NRG1 gene expression, hence altering morphology, is intimately linked to the capacity of C. albicans to cause disease. To further dissect these virulence mechanisms, we employed the same strategy to analyze the role of Rfg1p in filamentation and virulence. Studies using a tet-RFG1 strain revealed that RFG1 overexpression does not inhibit hypha formation in vitro or in the mouse model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. Interestingly, RFG1 overexpression drives formation of pseudohyphae under yeast growth conditions—a phenotype similar to that of C. albicans strains with mutations in one of several mitotic regulatory genes. Complementation assays and real-time PCR analysis indicate that, although the morphology of the tet-RFG1 strain resembles that of the mitotic regulator mutants, Rfg1p overexpression does not impact expression of these genes.

scholarly journals Orchestrated actin nucleation by the Candida albicans polarisome complex enables filamentous growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (44) ◽  
pp. 14840-14854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Xie ◽  
Zhi Yang Loh ◽  
Jiao Xue ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Jialin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Actin Nucleation ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Cooperative Positioning ◽  
Actin Cable

Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that converts from a yeast form to a hyphae form during infection. This switch requires the formation of actin cable to coordinate polarized cell growth. It's known that nucleation of this cable requires a multiprotein complex localized at the tip called the polarisome, but the mechanisms underpinning this process were unclear. Here, we found that C. albicans Aip5, a homolog of polarisome component ScAip5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that nucleates actin polymerization and synergizes with the formin ScBni1, regulates actin assembly and hyphae growth synergistically with other polarisome proteins Bni1, Bud6, and Spa2. The C terminus of Aip5 binds directly to G-actin, Bni1, and the C-terminal of Bud6, which form the core of the nucleation complex to polymerize F-actin. Based on insights from structural biology and molecular dynamic simulations, we propose a possible complex conformation of the actin nucleation core, which provides cooperative positioning and supports the synergistic actin nucleation activity of a tri-protein complex Bni1-Bud6-Aip5. Together with known interactions of Bni1 with Bud6 and Aip5 in S. cerevisiae, our findings unravel molecular mechanisms of C. albicans by which the tri-protein complex coordinates the actin nucleation in actin cable assembly and hyphal growth, which is likely a conserved mechanism in different filamentous fungi and yeast.

scholarly journals In Silico Analyses of Rice Thionin Genes and the Antimicrobial Activity of OsTHION15 Against Phytopathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Krissana Boonpa ◽  
Suparuk Tantong ◽  
Kamonwan Weerawanich ◽  
Pawinee Panpetch ◽  
Onanong Pringsulaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Recombinant Peptide ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae ◽  
In Silico Analyses

Thionins are a family of antimicrobial peptides. We performed in silico expression analyses of the 44 rice (Oryza sativa) thionins (OsTHIONs). Modulated expression levels of OsTHIONs under different treatments suggest their involvement in many processes, including biotic, abiotic, and nutritional stress responses, and in hormone signaling. OsTHION15 (LOC_Os06g32600) was selected for further characterization based on several in silico analyses. OsTHION15 in O. sativa subsp. indica ‘KDML 105’ was expressed in all of the tissues and organs examined, including germinating seed, leaves, and roots of seedlings and mature plants, and inflorescences. To investigate the antimicrobial activity of OsTHION15, we produced a recombinant peptide in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami (DE3). The recombinant OsTHION15 exhibited inhibitory activities toward rice-pathogenic bacteria such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Pectobacterium carotovorum pv. atroseptica, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 112.6 and 14.1 µg ml−1, respectively. A significant hyphal growth inhibition was also observed toward Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Helminthosporium oryzae. In addition, we demonstrated the in planta antibacterial activity of this peptide in Nicotiana benthamiana against X. campestris pv. glycines. These activities suggest the possible application of OsTHION15 in plant disease control.

scholarly journals Cell Wall-Related Bionumbers and Bioestimates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans M. Klis ◽  
Chris G. de Koster ◽  
Stanley Brul
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point

ABSTRACTBionumbers and bioestimates are valuable tools in biological research. Here we focus on cell wall-related bionumbers and bioestimates of the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand the polymorphic, pathogenic fungusCandida albicans. We discuss the linear relationship between cell size and cell ploidy, the correlation between cell size and specific growth rate, the effect of turgor pressure on cell size, and the reason why using fixed cells for measuring cellular dimensions can result in serious underestimation ofin vivovalues. We further consider the evidence that individual buds and hyphae grow linearly and that exponential growth of the population results from regular formation of new daughter cells and regular hyphal branching. Our calculations show that hyphal growth allowsC. albicansto cover much larger distances per unit of time than the yeast mode of growth and that this is accompanied by strongly increased surface expansion rates. We therefore predict that the transcript levels of genes involved in wall formation increase during hyphal growth. Interestingly, wall proteins and polysaccharides seem barely, if at all, subject to turnover and replacement. A general lesson is how strongly most bionumbers and bioestimates depend on environmental conditions and genetic background, thus reemphasizing the importance of well-defined and carefully chosen culture conditions and experimental approaches. Finally, we propose that the numbers and estimates described here offer a solid starting point for similar studies of other cell compartments and other yeast species.

scholarly journals Touchable 3D hierarchically structured polyaniline nanoweb for capture and detection of pathogenic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hoon Kim ◽  
MinHo Yang ◽  
Younseong Song ◽  
Chi Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Mee Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
The Real

AbstractA bacteria-capturing platform is a critical function of accurate, quantitative, and sensitive identification of bacterial pathogens for potential usage in the detection of foodborne diseases. Despite the development of various nanostructures and their surface chemical modification strategies, relative to the principal physical contact propagation of bacterial infections, mechanically robust and nanostructured platforms that are available to capture bacteria remain a significant problem. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically structured polyaniline nanoweb film is developed for the efficient capture of bacterial pathogens by hand-touching. This unique nanostructure ensures sufficient mechanical resistance when exposed to compression and shear forces and facilitates the 3D interfacial interactions between bacterial extracellular organelles and polyaniline surfaces. The bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus) are efficiently captured through finger-touching, as verified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Moreover, the real-time PCR results of finger-touched cells on a 3D nanoweb film show a highly sensitive detection of bacteria, which is similar to those of the real-time PCR using cultured cells without the capturing step without any interfering of fluorescence signal and structural deformation during thermal cycling. Graphic Abstract

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document