Different Antifungal Activity of Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. against Botrytis cinerea

Water extracts and polysaccharides from Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. were tested for their activity against the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Water extracts at 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/mL inhibited B. cinerea growth in vitro. Antifungal activity of polysaccharides obtained by N-cetylpyridinium bromide precipitation in water extracts was evaluated in vitro and in vitro at 0.5, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL. These concentrations were tested against fungal colony growth, spore germination, colony forming units (CFUs), CFU growth, and on strawberry fruits against B. cinerea infection with pre- and post-harvest application. In in vitro experiments, polysaccharides from Anabaena sp. and from Ecklonia sp. inhibited B. cinerea colony growth, CFUs, and CFU growth, while those extracted from Jania sp. reduced only the pathogen spore germination. In in vitro experiments, all concentrations of polysaccharides from Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. reduced both the strawberry fruits infected area and the pathogen sporulation in the pre-harvest treatment, suggesting that they might be good candidates as preventive products in crop protection.

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Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9626

Author(s):

Huiyu Hou ◽

Xueying Zhang ◽

Te Zhao ◽

Lin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

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In vitro and In vivo Antifungal Activity of Culture Filtrates and Organic Extracts of Penicillium sp. and Gliocladium spp. against Botrytis cinerea

Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology ◽

10.4172/2157-7471.1000427 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Hassine M ◽

Jabnoun Khiareddine H ◽

Aydi Ben Abdallah R ◽

Daami Remadi M

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Culture Filtrates ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

In Vivo Antifungal Activity

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Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure–Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21217912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 7912 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tatyana Odintsova ◽

Larisa Shcherbakova ◽

Marina Slezina ◽

Tatyana Pasechnik ◽

Bakhyt Kartabaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Structure Function ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Fungal Cell ◽

Structure Function Relationship ◽

Function Relationship

Hevein-like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) comprise a family of plant AMPs with antifungal activity, which harbor a chitin-binding site involved in interactions with chitin of fungal cell walls. However, the mode of action of hevein-like AMPs remains poorly understood. This work reports the structure–function relationship in WAMPs—hevein-like AMPs found in wheat (Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.) and later in other Poaceae species. The effect of WAMP homologues differing at position 34 and the antifungal activity of peptide fragments derived from the central, N- and C-terminal regions of one of the WAMPs, namely WAMP-2, on spore germination of different plant pathogenic fungi were studied. Additionally, the ability of WAMP-2-derived peptides to potentiate the fungicidal effect of tebuconazole, one of the triazole fungicides, towards five cereal-damaging fungi was explored in vitro by co-application of WAMP-2 fragments with Folicur® EC 250 (25% tebuconazole). The antifungal activity of WAMP homologues and WAMP-2-derived peptides varied depending on the fungus, suggesting multiple modes of action for WAMPs against diverse pathogens. Folicur® combined with the WAMP-2 fragments inhibited the spore germination at a much greater level than the fungicide alone, and the type of interactions was either synergistic or additive, depending on the target fungus and concentration combinations of the compounds. The combinations, which resulted in synergism and drastically enhanced the sensitivity to tebuconazole, were revealed for all five fungi by a checkerboard assay. The ability to synergistically interact with a fungicide and exacerbate the sensitivity of plant pathogenic fungi to a commercial antifungal agent is a novel and previously uninvestigated property of hevein-like AMPs.

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In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity and preliminary mechanism of cembratrien-diols against Botrytis cinerea

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 112745

Author(s):

Qiong Yang ◽

Jiao Wang ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Shengnan Xie ◽

Xiaolong Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

In Vivo Antifungal Activity

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Antifungal Activity of Saponins from the Fruit Pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-17-0906-re ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 991-1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Franziska M. Porsche ◽

Daniel Molitor ◽

Marco Beyer ◽

Sophie Charton ◽

Christelle André ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

High Performance ◽

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Venturia Inaequalis ◽

Field Trials ◽

Fruit Pericarp

The antifungal activity of an aqueous extract (AE) and the solid fraction of a chloroform-methanol fruit pericarp extract (CME) of Sapindus mukorossi resolved in water was tested for the first time against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea—two important fungal pathogens worldwide. In the greenhouse, a CME (1% vol/vol) spray significantly reduced V. inaequalis symptoms and sporulation (99%) on apple seedling leaves (P ≤ 0.05). In field trials, applications of AE (1% vol/vol) reduced the disease severity of B. cinerea on grape, on average, by 63%. Extracts were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the bioefficacy of the fractions was tested in vitro. Some components of the most fungicidal fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as saponins: sapindoside B (accounting for ≥98% of the total constituents), hederagenin-pentosylhexoside, and oleanolic acid-hexosyl-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside. This fraction inhibited the mycelial growth of V. inaequalis and B. cinerea by 45 and 43%, respectively.

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Antifungal activity of food additives in vitro and as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid edible coatings against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata on cherry tomato fruit

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.08.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 166 (3) ◽

pp. 391-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Cristiane Fagundes ◽

María B. Pérez-Gago ◽

Alcilene R. Monteiro ◽

Lluís Palou

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Food Additives ◽

Edible Coatings ◽

Cherry Tomato

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1-Phenyl-3-toluyl-4-[ortho-1′-(N-ethyl-2′-methylpropylamine)]phenylpyrazole, synthesis and evaluation of the in vitro antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum

Il Farmaco ◽

10.1016/j.farmac.2004.04.009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 673-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zainaba Dardari ◽

Mohammed Boudouma ◽

Abdelfatah Sebban ◽

Abdelmejid Bahloul ◽

Said Kitane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

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Antifungal activity of saponins originated from Medicago hybrida against some ornamental plant pathogens

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2006.061 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alicja Saniewska ◽

Anna Jarecka ◽

Zbigniew Biały ◽

Marian Jurzysta

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Medicagenic Acid ◽

Fungitoxic Effect

Antifungal activity of total saponins originated from roots of Medicago hybrida (Pourret) Trautv. were evaluated in vitro against six pathogenic fungi and eight individual major saponin glycosides were tested against one of the most susceptible fungi. The total saponins showed fungitoxic effect at all investigated concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) but their potency was different for individual fungi. The highest saponin concentration (0.1%) was the most effective and the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Phoma narcissi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi was 84.4%, 69.9%, 68.6%, 57.2%, 55.0%, respectively. While Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., a pathogen of Muscari armeniacum, was inhibited by 9.5% only. Eight major saponin glycosides isolated from the total saponins of M. hybrida roots were tested against the mycelium growth of Botrytis tulipae. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited by hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-galactopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside showed low fungitoxic activity. Medicagenic acid 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl- 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-[α-L- hamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 28-O-α-D-glucopyranoside and hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D- lucopyranoside did not limit or only slightly inhibited growth of the tested pathogen. While 2β, 3β-dihydroxyolean-12 ene-23-al-28-oic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside slightly stimulated mycelium growth of B. tulipae.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Schiff Bases of Inulin Bearing Pyridine ring

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11020371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lijie Wei ◽

Wenqiang Tan ◽

Jingjing Zhang ◽

Yingqi Mi ◽

Fang Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Schiff Bases ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Solubility In Water ◽

Good Solubility ◽

Natural Polysaccharide ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp.Niveum ◽

Phomopsis Asparagi

As a renewable, biocompatible, and biodegradable polysaccharide, inulin has a good solubility in water and some physiological functions. Chemical modification is one of the important methods to improve the bioactivity of inulin. In this paper, based on 6-amino-6-deoxy-3,4-acetyl inulin (3), three kinds of Schiff bases of inulin bearing pyridine rings were successfully designed and synthesized. Detailed structural characterization was carried out using FTIR, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Moreover, the antifungal activity of Schiff bases of inulin against three plant pathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum, and Phomopsis asparagi, were evaluated using in vitro hypha measurements. Inulin, as a natural polysaccharide, did not possess any antifungal activity at the tested concentration against the targeted fungi. Compared with inulin and the intermediate product 6-amino-6-deoxy-3,4-acetyl inulin (3), all the synthesized Schiff bases of inulin derivatives with >54.0% inhibitory index at 2.0 mg/mL exhibited enhanced antifungal activity. 3NS, with an inhibitory index of 77.0% exhibited good antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea at 2.0 mg/mL. The synthesized Schiff bases of inulin bearing pyridine rings can be prepared for novel antifungal agents to expand the application of inulin.

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