scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Expression of HBME-1, E-cadherin, and CD56 in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturs Ozolins ◽  
Zenons Narbuts ◽  
Ilze Strumfa ◽  
Guna Volanska ◽  
Kaspars Stepanovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Ancillary Test ◽  
Benign Thyroid ◽  
E Cadherin

Background and Objective. Distinction between benign and malignant thyroid tumors is essential for proper clinical management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a set of 3 molecular markers in the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Material and Methods. Immunohistochemistry for HBME-1, E-cadherin (E-CAD), and CD56 was carried out in 36 follicular adenomas, 77 colloid goiters, 36 papillary thyroid carcinomas, and 14 follicular carcinomas. Sixty-eight thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cases confirmed by subsequent surgical resection specimens were selected. Immunocytochemistry for HBME-1, E-CAD, and CD56 was performed in these cases, including 25 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 1 follicular carcinoma, 22 follicular adenomas, and 20 colloid goiters. Results. PTC was characterized by a decreased expression of E-CAD and CD56 contrary to the surrounding benign thyroid tissues. There was no HBME-1 expression in benign thyroid tissues, but it was high in papillary thyroid carcinomas and weak in follicular adenomas. The expression of E-CAD and CD56 was significantly higher in follicular adenomas than in the surrounding thyroid tissues. Analyzing the FNA material, HBME-1 expression was documented in 96% of papillary thyroid carcinomas, but there was no expression in the benign lesions. E-CAD and CD56 expression was significantly weakened in papillary thyroid carcinomas, but enhanced in follicular adenomas. Conclusions. HBME-1 was found only in malignant lesions and can be considered the most sensitive, specific single marker in papillary thyroid carcinomas. CD56 and E-CAD can assist in the decision-making on the benign and malignant nature of the nodule. Immunocytochemistry is of value as an ancillary test to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid FNA samples.

scholarly journals Better Understanding in the Differentiation of Thyroid Follicular Adenoma, Follicular Carcinoma, and Follicular Variant of Papillary Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hyun Yoon ◽  
Eun-Kyung Kim ◽  
Ji Hyun Youk ◽  
Hee Jung Moon ◽  
Jin Young Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Fine Needle

Background.To evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US), US-guided fine-needle aspiration (USFNA) and intraoperative frozen section (FS) in follicular neoplasm.Methods. US features, USFNA cytology, and FS results were compared based on the pathology results of patients with follicular adenoma (FA), follicular carcinoma (FC), and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC).Results. FC and FVPTC showed significantly higher rates of suspicious US features (P<0.05) and positive findings on either US or cytology, 80.0% and 90.7%, compared to FA, 64.5% (P=0.001). Intraoperative FS showed higher malignant rates in FVPTC and FC (81.8% and 75.0%, resp.), compared to FA (3.8%,P<0.001).Conclusion. Suspicious US features were more significantly seen in FC and FVPTC compared to FA. Intraoperative FS is useful in the differential diagnosis of these lesions and supplements cytology results of USFNA.

scholarly journals MON-500 Cell Adhesion Molecules mRNA Expression in Thyroid Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Teodoro ◽  
Karina Colombera Peres ◽  
Matheus Nascimento ◽  
Elisangela Souza Teixeira ◽  
Icleia Siqueira Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas

Abstract Thyroid cancer biology is extremely diverse. While some cases never progress clinically or do so indolently, others evolve aggressively and may even lead to death. Cell adhesion molecules are glycoproteins present in the cell membrane and play an important role in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases by recruiting immune cells to these sites. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mRNA expression of SELL, ICAM1 and ITGAL in thyroid tumors and their relationship with lymphocyte infiltration. We evaluated by RT-qPCR technique 191 thyroid nodules including 97 benign (79 females, 17 males; 49.8±12.5 years old) and 94 malignant (71 females, 23 males; 48.3±15.5years old) cases. Clinical and pathology data were obtained from 47 goiters; 50 follicular adenomas (FA); 74 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), including: 29 classic papillary thyroid carcinomas (CPTC), 21 follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC), 12oxifilic variant of PTC (OVPTC), 12 tall cell papillary thyroid carcinomas (TCPTC); and 20 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC). All patients were managed according to a standard protocol based on current guidelines and followed-up for 78.7±54.2 months. SELL was more expressed in malignant (0.85±1.54 UA) than in benign (0.54±0.71 UA, p=0.0027) nodules. The same occurred with ICAM1 (0.99±1.41 vs. 0.46±0.85, p=0.0001), but not with ITGAL gene expression (1.04±1.63 vs. 0.76±1.21, p=0.2131). In addition, the expression of SELL was different when we compared PTC with FA (0.94±1.62 UA vs. 0.47±0.72 UA, p=0.0018) and FTC with FA (0.82±2.38 UA vs. 0.47±0.72 UA, p=0.0078). ICAM1 expression was lower in goiters (0.46±0.90 UA) when compared with PTC (0.93±1.22 UA, p=0.0030) and FTC (1.03±3.30 UA, p=0.0207). Higher expression of ICAM1 (1.16±3.04 UA vs. 0.52±0.96 UA, p=0.0064) and ITGAL (1.17±1.54 UA vs. 0.49±1.39 UA, p=0.0244) was observed in tumors with lymphocyte infiltrate. Also, ITGAL gene expression was higher in tumors that had distant metastasis at diagnosis (1.53±2.18 UA vs. 0.57±1.10 UA, p=0.0217). We were not able to demonstrate any association between any of the investigated molecules and patients’ outcome. In conclusion, our data suggest that cell adhesion molecules may play an important role in neoplastic thyroid cells proliferation. In addition, our findings show that gene expression of SELL and ICAM1 may assist in the histological characterization of follicular patterned thyroid nodules.

scholarly journals Combined quantitation of HMGA2 mRNA, microRNAs, and mitochondrial-DNA content enables the identification and typing of thyroid tumors in fine-needle aspiration smears

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei E. Titov ◽  
Mikhail K. Ivanov ◽  
Pavel S. Demenkov ◽  
Gevork A. Katanyan ◽  
Eugenia S. Kozorezova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Fine Needle

Abstract Background Analysis of molecular markers in addition to cytological analysis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples is a promising way to improve the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Nonetheless, in clinical practice, applications of existing diagnostic solutions based on the detection of somatic mutations or analysis of gene expression are limited by their high cost and difficulties with clinical interpretation. The aim of our work was to develop an algorithm for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules on the basis of a small set of molecular markers analyzed by real-time PCR. Methods A total of 494 preoperative FNA samples of thyroid goiters and tumors from 232 patients with known histological reports were analyzed: goiter, 105 samples (50 patients); follicular adenoma, 101 (48); follicular carcinoma, 43 (28); Hürthle cell carcinoma, 25 (11); papillary carcinoma, 121 (56); follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, 80 (32); and medullary carcinoma, 19 (12). Total nucleic acids extracted from dried FNA smears were analyzed for five somatic point mutations and two translocations typical of thyroid tumors as well as for relative concentrations of HMGA2 mRNA and 13 microRNAs and the ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA by real-time PCR. A decision tree–based algorithm was built to discriminate benign and malignant tumors and to type the thyroid cancer. Leave-p-out cross-validation with five partitions was performed to estimate prediction quality. A comparison of two independent samples by quantitative traits was carried out via the Mann–Whitney U test. Results A minimum set of markers was selected (levels of HMGA2 mRNA and miR-375, − 221, and -146b in combination with the mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio) and yielded highly accurate discrimination (sensitivity = 0.97; positive predictive value = 0.98) between goiters with benign tumors and malignant tumors and accurate typing of papillary, medullary, and Hürthle cell carcinomas. The results support an alternative classification of follicular tumors, which differs from the histological one. Conclusions The study shows the feasibility of the preoperative differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules using a panel of several molecular markers by a simple PCR-based method. Combining markers of different types increases the accuracy of classification.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of 54 cases of false-negative fine-needle aspiration among 1347 papillary thyroid carcinomas

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 751-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Proietti ◽  
Nicla Borrelli ◽  
Riccardo Giannini ◽  
Rossana Romani ◽  
Giancarlo Di Coscio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas

scholarly journals Preoperative Detection of the TERT Promoter Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoe Nakao ◽  
Michiko Matsuse ◽  
Vladimir Saenko ◽  
Tatiana Rogounovitch ◽  
Aya Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Tert Promoter Mutations ◽  
Ffpe Samples ◽  
Promoter Mutations

Abstract Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERT-p) mutations are strongly associated with tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). Since the TERT-p promoter mutations have been reported to be subclonal, it is unclear how accurately they can be detected by preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA). The objective of this study was to analyze the concordance rate of the TERT-p mutations between preoperative FNA and corresponding postoperative surgical specimens. The mutational status of the TERT-p in FNA samples detected by our ddPCR assay was highly concordant with that in postoperative FFPE specimens. The TERT-p mutation was significantly associated with age, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and the Ki-67 labeling index in multivariate analysis in both FNA and FFPE samples. The detection of the TERT-p mutations using FNA samples has a good ability to predict disease aggressiveness and, therefore, could be clinically useful in the determination of PTC management.

scholarly journals Extending the Impact of RAC1b Overexpression to Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Faria ◽  
Liliana Capinha ◽  
Joana Simões-Pereira ◽  
Maria João Bugalho ◽  
Ana Luísa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Follicular Lesions ◽  
Thyroid Adenomas ◽  
Follicular Tumor ◽  
Clinical Correlations ◽  
The Impact

RAC1b is a hyperactive variant of the small GTPase RAC1 known to be a relevant molecular player in different cancers. Previous studies from our group lead to the evidence that its overexpression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. In the present study, we intended to extend the analysis of RAC1b expression to thyroid follicular neoplasms and to seek for clinical correlations. RAC1b expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR in thyroid follicular tumor samples comprising 23 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and 33 follicular thyroid adenomas (FTAs). RAC1b was found to be overexpressed in 33% of carcinomas while no RAC1b overexpression was documented among follicular adenomas. Patients with a diagnosis of FTC were divided into two groups based on longitudinal evolution and final outcome. RAC1b overexpression was significantly associated with both the presence of distant metastases (P= 0.01) and poorer clinical outcome (P= 0.01) suggesting that, similarly to that previously found in PTCs, RAC1b overexpression in FTCs is also associated with worse outcomes. Furthermore, the absence of RAC1b overexpression in follicular adenomas hints its potential as a molecular marker likely to contribute, in conjunction with other putative markers, to the preoperative differential diagnosis of thyroid follicular lesions.

Thyroid Tumors With a Follicular Growth Pattern: Problems in Differential Diagnosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Suster
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Diagnostic Categories

Abstract Tumors of the thyroid characterized by a follicular growth pattern constitute the most common type of lesion of this organ encountered by pathologists. The vast majority of such lesions do not pose difficulties for histopathologic interpretation. A subset of these tumors, however, can represent a serious challenge for diagnosis. Thyroid tumors with a follicular growth pattern include a broad range of lesions that range from benign, hyperplastic nodules to follicular adenomas to follicular carcinomas. In addition, other types of tumors belonging in separate diagnostic categories can also present histologically with a follicular growth pattern, including the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. The histologic features and diagnostic criteria used for distinguishing among these conditions can often be subtle and subjective.

scholarly journals Lower levels of TSH are associated with a lower risk of papillary thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodular disease: thyroid autonomy may play a protective role

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fiore ◽  
T Rago ◽  
M A Provenzale ◽  
M Scutari ◽  
C Ugolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Autonomy ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Benign Thyroid ◽  
Tsh Levels

Higher TSH values, even within normal ranges, have been associated with a greater risk of thyroid malignancy. The relationship between TSH and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been analyzed in 10 178 patients submitted to fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules with a cytology of PTC (n=497) or benign thyroid nodular disease (BTND, n=9681). In 942 patients, submitted to surgery (521 from BTND and 421 from PTC), the histological diagnosis confirmed an elevated specificity (99.6%) and sensitivity (98.1%) of cytology. TSH levels were significantly higher in PTC than in BTND both in the cytological and histological series and also in patients with a clinical diagnosis of multinodular goiter (MNG) and single/isolate nodule (S/I). A significant age-dependent development of thyroid autonomy (TSH <0.4 μU/ml) was observed in patients with benign thyroid disease, but not in those with PTC, diagnosed both on cytology and histology. In patients with MNG, the frequency of thyroid autonomy was higher and the risk of PTC was lower compared to those with S/I. In all patients, the presence of thyroid auto-antibodies (TAb) was associated with a significant increase of TSH. However, both in TAb positive and TAb negative patients TSH levels were significantly higher in PTC than in BTND. Our data confirm a direct relationship between TSH levels and risk of PTC in patients with nodular thyroid diseases. Thyroid autonomy conceivably protects against the risk of PTC, while thyroid autoimmunity does not play a significant role.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of Midkine ratios in fine-needle aspirates for evaluation of Cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Zhou ◽  
Jinxi Jiang ◽  
Yantao Fu ◽  
Daqi Zhang ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Fine Needle Aspirates

Abstract Background Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a basic diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules. However, 15–30% of nodules are cytologically indeterminate. Midkine (MK), a pleiotropic growth factor, is often upregulated in patients with cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MK and its ratios in fine-needle aspirates (FNA) for predicting thyroid malignancy. Methods This retrospective study included patients with thyroid nodules who underwent preoperative FNA and/or thyroidectomy between April 2017 and September 2017. MK levels in FNA washout were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and thyroglobulin (TG) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in FNA washout were measured by chemiluminescent immunometric assays. Results A total of 217 patients with 242 nodules were included in this study. The concentrations of TG, FT4, MK/TG, MK/FT4, and FT4/MK were significantly different between papillary thyroid carcinomas and benign thyroid nodules. Both MK/TG and MK/FT4 ratios were positively correlated with maximum tumor diameter, extrathyroidal extension, and T and N stages. The area under the curve for MK/TG was 0.719 with a cutoff value of 55.57 ng/mg, while the area under the curve for MK/FT4 was 0.677 with a cutoff value of 0.11 μg/pmol. FNAC in combination with MK/FT4 had a higher sensitivity (95% vs. 91%) and accuracy (96% vs. 92%) than FNAC alone for cytologically indeterminate specimens, those of unknown significance, or those suspected of malignancy. Conclusions MK/FT4 and MK/TG may have diagnostic utility for evaluation of papillary thyroid carcinomas, particularly for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.

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