scholarly journals Demographic, Social, and Behavioral Determinants of Lung Cancer Perceived Risk and Worries in a National Sample of American Adults; Does Lung Cancer Risk Matter?

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Chalian ◽  
Pegah Khoshpouri ◽  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Screening Programs

Background: Perceived risk and worries of developing cancer are important constructs for cancer prevention. Many studies have investigated the relationship between health behaviors and subjective risk perception. However, factors correlated with lung cancer risk perception and worries in individuals more susceptible to lung cancer have rarely been investigated. Objective: To determine demographic, social, and behavioral determinants of cancer perceived risk and worries and to explore heterogeneities in these associations by the level of lung cancer risk in a nationally representative sample of American adults. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data came from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2017, which included a 2277 representative sample of American adults. Smoking status, cancer perceived risk, cancer worries, age, gender, race, education, income, and insurance status were measured. We ran structural equation models (SEMs) for data analysis. Results: “Ever smoker” status was associated with higher cancer perceived risk (b = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.05–0.44, p = 0.013) and worries (b = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.18–0.50, p < 0.001), suggesting that “ever smokers” experience higher levels of cancer perceived risk and worries regarding cancer, compared to “never smokers”. Other factors that correlate with cancer perceived risk and worries were race, age, income, and insurance status. Blacks demonstrated less cancer perceived risk and worry (b = −0.98, 95% CI = −1.37–0.60, p < 0.001) in both low and high risk lung cancer groups. However, the effects of social determinants (income and insurance status) and age were observed in low but not high risk group. Conclusions: Determinants of cancer perceived risk and worries vary in individuals depending on the level of lung cancer risk. These differences should be considered in clinical practice and policy makings with the goal of improving participation rates in lung cancer screening programs.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Risk Perception Among Older Smokers; a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Hamid Allahverdipour ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Risk Perception ◽  
Lung Cancer Survival

Background: Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers around the world. Also, scientific evidence proves the considerably lower lung cancer risk perceptions of smokers compared to non-smokers. Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the risk perception of smokers about their risk to contract lung cancer and their perceptions about lung cancer survival. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected from 215 smokers in Tabriz, Iran, between April 2019 and July 2019. The data collection was designed, using validated questionnaires and contained questions on the perceived risk of smokers to develop lung cancer and their perception of lung cancer survival. A general linear model was conducted to model the relationship of risk perception with underlying predictors considering a significance level of 0.1. Results: The results of modeling indicated that perceived susceptibility (P-Sus) was negatively related to “years smoked” in simple regression (B = -0.035, P = 0.069) and multiple regression (B = -0.069, P = 0.007). P-Sus was also negatively related to the variable “age” in the age category of 45 to 50 years (B = -1.981, P = 0.046). Moreover, perceived severity (P-Sev) was negatively related to the variable “sex” (B = -1.037, P = 0.068). The results of the Spearman correlation indicated significant and direct correlations between “quitting intention” and P-Sus (r = 0.296, P < 0.001), P-Sev (r = 0.162, P = 0.009). Conclusions: Lung cancer risk perception of participants was moderately above the average and significant correlations were observed between “quitting intention” and “P-Sus” and “P-Sev” and “Risk Perception score”. This could be utilized in developing educational programs to promote awareness about lung cancer, especially for smokers.

scholarly journals Family Socioeconomic Position and Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis and a Mendelian Randomization Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runchen Wang ◽  
Caichen Li ◽  
Zhenyu Huo ◽  
Fan Ge ◽  
Ran Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Screening Programs

Abstract BackgroundFamily socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood is an important factor to predict some chronic diseases. However, the association between family SEP in childhood and the risk of lung cancer is not clear. MethodsA systematic search was performed to explore their relationship. We selected education level, socioeconomic positions of parents and childhood housing conditions to represent an individual family SEP. Hazard ratios (HRs) of lung cancer specific-mortality were synthesized using a random effects model. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was carried out with summary data from published genome-wide association studies of SEP to assess the possible causal relationship of SEP and risk of lung cancer. ResultsThrough meta-analysis of 13 studies, we observed that poorer SEP was associated with increased lung cancer risk (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.43). In addition, the dose-response analysis revealed a negative correlation between SEP in childhood and lung cancer in adulthood. Same conclusion was reached in MR [(education level) OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.63; P: <0.001]. ConclusionsThis study indicates that poor family SEP in childhood is a causal risk factor for lung cancer. We believe this population may receive greater benefit from lung cancer screening programs.Systematic review registrationProspero ID: 159082

Abstract B31: Gene-based lung cancer risk test (Respiragene), identifies high-risk smokers for early detection of lung cancer

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Young ◽  
Raewyn J. Hopkins ◽  
John Field ◽  
Javier Zulueta ◽  
Bryan A. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk

scholarly journals CT Scan Screening for Lung Cancer: Risk Factors for Nodules and Malignancy in a High-Risk Urban Cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e39403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa K. Greenberg ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Judith D. Goldberg ◽  
Ellen Eylers ◽  
Jun-Chieh Tsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors

scholarly journals Perceptions of Lung Cancer Risk and Beliefs in Screening Accuracy of Spiral Computed Tomography among High-Risk Lung Cancer Family Members

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1012-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela S. Sinicrope ◽  
Kari G. Rabe ◽  
Tabetha A. Brockman ◽  
Christi A. Patten ◽  
Wesley O. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Spiral Computed Tomography ◽  
Spiral Computed ◽  
Cancer Family ◽  
Screening Accuracy

scholarly journals Extended parallel process model (EPPM) in evaluating lung Cancer risk perception among older smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Hamid Allahverdipour ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Cancer Risk Perception ◽  
Readiness To Quit ◽  
Lung Cancer Survival

Abstract Background There is a lack of scientific literature on the application of fear appeals theories to evaluate lung cancer risk perception among smokers. The aim of the present study is to apply the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) to discover the perception of the smokers about their lifetime risk of developing lung cancer (perceived susceptibility), their perception of lung cancer survival (perceived severity), response efficacy, self-efficacy, and readiness to quit. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 215 eligible smokers (aged 45 years and over who have smoked at least 1 pack per day in the last 5 years) were recruited. The data collection tool was designed using validate self-report questionnaires and it was contained items on the perceived risk of a smoker contracting lung cancer and perceived lung cancer survival rate. It also had questions to measure the main constructs of the EPPM and Readiness to quit (“Low_Readiness”, and “High_Readiness”). To test how the data support conceptual EPPM to data, Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) was used. Results Findings showed a significant relationship between Perceived_Susceptibility and Perceived_Response Efficacy; (B = 1.16, P < 0.001); between Perceived_Susceptibility and Perceived_Self Efficacy, (B = -0.93, P < 0.001), Perceived_Severity, and Perceived_Response Efficacy (B = 1.07, P < 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between Perceived_Threat and Perceived_Response Efficacy; between Perceived_Threat and Perceived_Self Efficacy. The relationship between High_Readiness and Perceived_Self Efficacy, and between High_Readiness and Perceived_Severity also were significant. However, the relationships between High_Readiness and Perceived_Threat were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Perceived_threat and Perceived_efficacy were important for smokers with low readiness to quit, while Perceived_efficacy was most important for smokers with high readiness to quit. These findings could be used in promoting lung cancer awareness and designing smoking cessation programs based on smokers’ stages of change.

scholarly journals Incorporating Both Genetic and Tobacco Smoking Data to Identify High-Risk Smokers for Lung Cancer Screening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guochong Jia ◽  
Wanqing Wen ◽  
Pierre P Massion ◽  
Xiao-Ou Shu ◽  
Wei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Heavy Smoker ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently proposed to widen the current lung cancer screening guideline to include less-heavy smokers. We sought to incorporate both genetic and tobacco smoking data to evaluate the proposed new guideline in white smokers. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) using lung cancer risk variants. Using data from 308,490 participants of European descent in the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort study, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of lung cancer associated with both tobacco smoking and PRS to identify individuals at a similar or higher risk than the group of heavy smokers who are recommended for screening under the USPSTF-2014 guideline (≥30 pack-years, either current or former smokers who quit within 15 years). During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 1,449 incident cases of lung cancer were identified. We found a similar lung cancer risk for current smokers with 20-29 pack-years (HR=20.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 16.3-26.4) and the “heavy smoker group” defined above (HR=19.9, 95% CI: 16.8-23.6) compared with never smokers. Current smokers with 20-29 pack-years did not reach a 6-year absolute risk of 0.0151, a suggested risk threshold for using low-dose computed tomography screening, until the age of 55 years. However, these smokers at high genetic risk (PRS ≥80%) reached this risk level at the age of 50. Our findings support the USPSTF proposal to lower the smoking pack-year eligibility to 20 pack-years for current smokers and suggest that PRS for lung cancer could be considered to identify high-risk smokers for screening.

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