scholarly journals Is There a Relationship between COVID-19 and Hyponatremia?

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Gina Gheorghe ◽  
Madalina Ilie ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian ◽  
Nicolae Bacalbasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Virus Variability

Nowadays, humanity faces one of the most serious health crises, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is related to the high rate of interhuman transmission of the virus, variability of clinical presentation, and the absence of specific therapeutic methods. COVID-19 can manifest with non-specific symptoms and signs, especially among the elderly. In some cases, the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia may be the first to appear. The pathophysiological mechanisms of hyponatremia among patients with COVID-19 are diverse, including syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), digestive loss of sodium ions, reduced sodium ion intake or use of diuretic therapy. Hyponatremia may also be considered a negative prognostic factor in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We need further studies to evaluate the etiology and therapeutic management of hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19.

Scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi), A rapidly spreading epidemic in Chennai - A standalone lab experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 4896
Author(s):  
Sripriya C.S.* ◽  
Shanthi B. ◽  
Arockia Doss S. ◽  
Antonie Raj I. ◽  
Mohana Priya
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
The Past ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi), is a strict intracellular bacterium which is reported to be a recent threat to parts of southern India. There is re-emergence of scrub typhus during the past few years in Chennai. Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness which generally causes non-specific symptoms and signs. The clinical manifestations of this disease range from sub-clinical disease to organ failure to fatal disease. This study documents our laboratory experience in diagnosis of scrub typhus in patients with fever and suspected clinical symptoms of scrub typhus infection for a period of two years from April 2014 to April 2016 using immunochromatography and IgM ELISA methods. The study was conducted on 648 patients out of whom 188 patients were found to be positive for scrub typhus. Results also showed that pediatric (0 -12 years) and young adults (20 – 39 years) were more exposed to scrub typhus infection and female patients were more infected compared to male. The study also showed that the rate of infection was higher between September to February which also suggested that the infection rate is proportional to the climatic condition. Statistical analysis showed that the mean age of the patients in this study was 37.6, standard deviation was 18.97, CV % was 50.45. 

scholarly journals Small cell carcinoma of the cervix complicated by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 030006052098565
Author(s):  
Cai-Fu Zhao ◽  
Su-Fen Zhao ◽  
Ze-Qing Du
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

Small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare malignant tumor in the clinical setting. Clinical manifestations of this tumor are mostly similar to those of normal types of cervical cancer. Small cell carcinoma of the cervix only shows symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors, such as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Most of the hyponatremia caused by SIADH can be managed after removal of the cause. Hyponatremia is a predictor of poor prognosis and can be used as an indicator of partial recurrence. We report a case of small cell carcinoma of the cervix complicated by SIADH. Our patient presented with irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause. After one cycle of chemotherapy, there was trembling of the limbs, and a laboratory examination showed low Na+ and low Cl− levels. After limited water intake, intravenous hypertonic saline, and intermittent diuretic treatment, the patient’s blood Na+ levels returned to normal. After a radical operation, the above-mentioned symptoms disappeared.

Endocrine Disorders in Pediatric Critical Care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen L. Soto-Rivera ◽  
Michael S. D. Agus
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Thyroid Storm ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
Life Threatening

This chapter focuses in pediatric endocrine disorders that can present acutely and warrant intensive care. Because most of the symptoms associated with endocrine diseases are nonspecific, a broad index of suspicion and knowledge of the details of hormonal regulation are essential for accurate diagnosis and timely management. The chapter includes important information on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and management of potentially life-threatening endocrine disorders, including diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, acute primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency, disorders of calcium homeostatis, thyroid storm, and diabetic ketoacidosis. For treatment of these disorders, the authors discuss the use of vasopressin (aqueous pitressin), desmopressin, hydrocortisone, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, methimazole, iodide therapy, and insulin.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Specific and Non-Specific Clinical Manifestations and Symptoms: The Current State of Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Baj ◽  
Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Teresiński ◽  
Grzegorz Buszewicz ◽  
Marzanna Ciesielka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an epidemiological threat and a worldwide concern. SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 210 countries worldwide and more than 6,500,000 confirmed cases and 384,643 deaths have been reported, while the number of both confirmed and fatal cases is continually increasing. COVID-19 is a viral disease that can affect every age group—from infants to the elderly—resulting in a wide spectrum of various clinical manifestations. COVID-19 might present different degrees of severity—from mild or even asymptomatic carriers, even to fatal cases. The most common complications include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Fever, dry cough, muscle weakness, and chest pain are the most prevalent and typical symptoms of COVID-19. However, patients might also present atypical symptoms that can occur alone, which might indicate the possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this paper is to review and summarize all of the findings regarding clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients, which include respiratory, neurological, olfactory and gustatory, gastrointestinal, ophthalmic, dermatological, cardiac, and rheumatologic manifestations, as well as specific symptoms in pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Morvan’s syndrome with anti contactin associated protein like 2 – voltage gated potassium channel antibody presenting with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 577-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar Sharma ◽  
Manminder Kaur ◽  
Madhuparna Paul
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Morvan’S Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability

ABSTRACTMorvan’s syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by triad of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, autonomic dysfunction, and central nervous system symptoms. Antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2), a subtype of voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex, are found in a significant proportion of patients with Morvan’s syndrome and are thought to play a key role in peripheral as well as central clinical manifestations. We report a patient of Morvan’s syndrome with positive CASPR2–anti-VGKC antibody having syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone as a cause of persistent hyponatremia.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in a Tropical Area of Colombia, a Remarkable Conversion of Presymptomatic to Symptomatic People Impacts Public Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caty Martinez ◽  
Hector Serrano ◽  
Salim Mattar ◽  
Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez ◽  
Veronica Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Abstract The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to remain in asymptomatic individuals facilitates its dissemination and makes its control difficult. Objective. To establish a cohort of asymptomatic individuals, change to the symptomatic state, and determine the most frequent clinical manifestations. Methods. Between April 9 and August 9, 2020, molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 154 asymptomatic people in contact with subjects diagnosed with COVID-19. Nasopharyngeal swabs were performed on these people in different hospitals in Córdoba, the Caribbean area of Colombia. The genes E, RdRp, and N were amplified with RT-qPCR. Based on the molecular results and the Cq values, the patients were subsequently followed up through telephone calls to verify their health conditions. Results. Overall, of 154 asymptomatic individuals, 103 (66.9%) remained asymptomatic, and 51 (33.1%) changed to symptomatic. The most frequent clinical manifestations in young people were anosmia and arthralgia; in adults, they were cough, ageusia, and odynophagia; in the elderly were epigastralgia, dyspnea, and headache. Mortality was 8%. Conclusions. A proportion of 33% of presymptomatic individuals was found, of which four of them died. This high rate could indicate a silent transmission, contributing significantly to the increase in the epidemic associated with SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
D. Adam ◽  
D. Iftimie ◽  
Cristiana Moisescu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Surgical Interventions

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a neurodegenerative disease which affects the elderly, with a significant prevalence in the general population (0,2% - 5,9%), thus a common pathology encountered by neurologists and neurosurgeons, alike. Although the widespread availability of modern imaging techniques has facilitated the diagnosis of this disorder, the clinical manifestations can often be misleading. Also, an overlap with other degenerative or psychiatric diseases can make the differential diagnosis even more challenging. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures are the first line of treatment for INPH. Nowadays, there are several shunting options available, including: ventriculoperitoneal (the most commonly used), ventriculoatrial, ventriculopleural, ventriculosternal, lumboperitoneal, endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Choosing a procedure tailored to the individual patient is essential for therapeutic success. Although they are generally straightforward surgical interventions, they associate a high rate of failure, regardless of procedure used, which emphasizes the need for regular clinical and imagistic follow-up. Thus, INPH remains a disease where there is significant room for improvement, both in diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals A case of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome diagnosed in a 2-year-old child masquerading as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Ali Kumble ◽  
Abhishek K. Phadke ◽  
Sapheliya Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

<p class="abstract">Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is included under the spectrum of midline abnormalities and is considered as a part of the holoprosencephaly (HPE) wide spectrum. Genetic basis has been identified in few familial cases. PSIS have anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies and a wide spectrum of clinical presentation. The typical clinical manifestations of PSIS are growth retardation, hypoglycemia and delayed puberty. We report a case of PSIS with hyponatremic seizures as initial presentation. Two-year-old girl with growth and development appropriate for age, presented with acute respiratory infection and generalized tonic clonic seizures.  There was history of similar illness two weeks prior and was treated for hyponatremia. Child had euvolemic hyponatremia and symptomatic hypoglycemia.  Serum cortisol level was observed to be low and thyroid function test was abnormal. MRI brain showed hypoplastic anterior pituitary and ectopic posterior pituitary (hallmark of PSIS) and absent septum pellucidum. Child was treated with   hormone replacement therapy with hydrocortisone and thyroxine. Child improved and is on follow up. Clinical suspicion, early diagnosis and treatment prevent worsening of endocrine impairment, permanent short stature and associated morbidities with PSIS.</p>

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