scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Frequently Implemented Provocative Tests in the Assessment of Shoulder Pain—A Glimpse of Current Practice

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Nahum Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Shoulder Disability ◽  
Reliable Basis

Initial evaluation of chronic shoulder disability is a diagnostic challenge due to the anatomic complexity of the shoulder joints. For this purpose, several diagnostic tools utilizing provocative testing exist, but only a few have a reliable basis for their diagnostic value. Therefore, objectively determining the predictive value of these tests in identifying the precise anatomical source for disability—subacromial, intraarticular or other—is essential in order to proceed with further imaging evaluations for final objective diagnoses. Using validated clusters of provocative tests should improve their diagnostic values.

scholarly journals Should Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasound Be Incorporated into the International Consensus Guidelines to Determine the Appropriate Treatment of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yamazaki ◽  
Mamoru Takenaka ◽  
Shunsuke Omoto ◽  
Tomoe Yoshikawa ◽  
Rei Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Mucinous Neoplasm ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
International Consensus Guidelines

This study aimed to investigate whether the incorporation of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound (CH-EUS) into the international consensus guidelines (ICG) for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) could improve its malignancy diagnostic value. In this single-center retrospective study, 109 patients diagnosed with IPMN who underwent preoperative CH-EUS between March 2010 and December 2018 were enrolled. We analyzed each malignancy diagnostic value (sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV)) by replacing fundamental B-mode EUS with CH-EUS as the recommended test for patients with worrisome features (WF) (the CH-EUS incorporation ICG) and comparing the results to those obtained using the 2017 ICG. The malignancy diagnostic values as per the 2017 ICG were 78.9%, 42.3%, 60.0%, and 64.7% for Se, Sp, PPV, and NPV, respectively. The CH-EUS incorporation ICG plan improved the malignancy diagnostic values (Se 78.9%/Sp, 53.8%/PPV, 65.2%/NPV 70.0%). CH-EUS may be useful in determining the appropriate treatment strategies for IPMN.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of 3D-multi-Echo-data-image-combination (MEDIC) for evaluating SLAP lesions of the shoulder

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wuennemann ◽  
Laurent Kintzelé ◽  
Felix Zeifang ◽  
Michael W. Maier ◽  
Iris Burkholder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Slap Lesions ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Interreader Agreement

Abstract Background Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions remain a clinical and diagnostic challenge in routine (non-arthrographic) MR examinations of the shoulder. This study prospectively evaluated the ability of 3D-Multi-Echo-Data-Image-Combination (MEDIC) compared to that of routine high resolution 2D-proton-density weighted fat-saturated (PD fs) sequence using 3 T-MRI to detect SLAP lesions using arthroscopy as gold standard. Methods Seventeen consecutive patients (mean age, 51.6 ± 14.8 years, 11 males) with shoulder pain underwent 3 T MRI including 3D-MEDIC and 2D-PD fs followed by arthroscopy. The presence or absence of SLAP lesions was evaluated using both sequences by two independent raters with 4 and 14 years of experience in musculoskeletal MRI, respectively. During arthroscopy, SLAP lesions were classified according to Snyder’s criteria by two certified orthopedic shoulder surgeons. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 3D-MEDIC and 2D-PD fs for detection of SLAP lesions were calculated with reference to arthroscopy as a gold standard. Interreader agreement and sequence correlation were analyzed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Figure 1 demonstrates the excellent visibility of a proven SLAP lesion using the 3D-MEDIC and Fig. 2 demonstrates a false-positive case. Results Arthroscopy revealed SLAP lesions in 11/17 patients. Using 3D-MEDIC, SLAP lesions were diagnosed in 14/17 patients by reader 1 and in 13/17 patients by reader 2. Using 2D-PD fs, SLAP lesions were diagnosed in 11/17 patients by reader 1 and 12/17 patients for reader 2. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 3D-MEDIC were 100.0, 50.0, 78.6, and 100.0% for reader 1; and 100.0, 66.7, 84.6, and 100% for reader 2, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 2D-PD fs were 90.9, 83.3, 90.9, and 83.3% for reader 1 and 100.0, 83.3, 91.7, and 100.0% for reader 2. The combination of 2D-PD fs and 3D-MEDIC increased specificity from 50.0 to 83.3% for reader 1 and from 66.7 to 100.0% for reader 2. Interreader agreement was almost perfect with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.82 for 3D-MEDIC and 0.87 for PD fs. Conclusions With its high sensitivity and NPV, 3D-MEDIC is a valuable tool for the evaluation of SLAP lesions. As the combination with routine 2D-PD fs further increases specificity, we recommend incorporation of 3D-MEDIC as an additional sequence in conventional shoulder protocols in patients with non-specific shoulder pain.

scholarly journals The Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) as a Predictor of Ovarian Tumor Malignancy

2017 ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Darlin Forbes ◽  
Irawan Sastradinata ◽  
Patiyus Agustiansyah ◽  
Theodorus Theodorus
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Ovarian Malignancy ◽  
Post Menopausal

Object: To assess the diagnostic value of Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) in predicting ovarian malignancy. Methods: Diagnostic test was performed at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang during June 2016 to November 2016. Data were analized with SPSS version 21.0 and Med-calc statistic. Results: A total of 57 subjects were recruited in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups: the premenopausal and postmenopausal group. Analysis with ROC curve was performed, the ROMA optimal cut-off of ROMA was 23.7% and 48.15% in the premenopausal and the post-menopausal group, respectively. With the optimal cut-off, the sensitivity was 79.41% and specivicity was 75%, positive predictive value wa 73.07% and negative predictive value 83.77% with accuracy 76.92% in diagnosing ovarian malignancy. Compared to RMI-3, the sensitivity was 65.5% and specivicity was 85.7% with accuracy 75.44%. Conclusion: ROMA is not a reliable diagnostic tools of ovarian malignancy. Keywords: CA125, HE4, ovarian cancer, risk of ovarian malignancyalgorithm/ ROMA, risk of ovarian malignancy index/RMI

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography as a diagnostic tools to diagnose biliary atresia at Dr.Soetomo hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Gina Noor Djalilah ◽  
Reny Widayanti ◽  
Bagus Setyoboedi ◽  
Sjamsul Arief
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Cholestasis jaundice results from diminished bile flow and/or excretion, and caused by a number of disorders such as biliary atresia (BA). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is widely accepted as one of the modalities for biliary system imaging; however, liver biopsy still generally used for BA diagnosis, especially in developing countries. This aim study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of biliary atresia from MRCP compared to the result of a liver biopsy. A cross-sectional for diagnostic study documented of hospitalized patients from June 2014 to June 2015. All patients had MRCP and liver biopsy examination. The collection of data including age, gender, clinical manifestation and the result of MRCP and liver biopsy with ROC to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity was done. Liver biopsy revealed of biliary atresia was made based on proliferation, degeneration, and fibrosis of bile ducts. ROC to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity was done. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value of MRCP in diagnosing BA were calculated. There were 16 patients enrolled in this study with a median age of diagnosis was 6 months old (range 3-11). There were nine female patients out of the 16 patient. The median age of jaundice onset was 5 days (range 2-14 days). All patients had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Histopathology from liver biopsy revealed biliary atresia in 12 patients. From the ROC curve, the sensitivity of MRCP was 87.5% and specificity 62.5% with PPV 70% and NPV 80%. Five patients underwent a Kasai procedure and revealed biliary atresia. MRCP is sensitive but not specific for diagnosing BA, and MRCP has moderate sensitivity and specificity for BA diagnosis.Keyword: biliary atresia, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, liver biopsy, diagnostic test.Correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRAKIkterus dikarenakan kolestasis terjadi akibat berkurangnya aliran empedu dan/ atau ekskresi, dan dapat disebabkan oleh sejumlah gangguan seperti atresia biliaris (BA). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) secara luas diterima sebagai salah satu modalitas untuk pencitraan sistem empedu, namun biopsi hati masih secara umum digunakan untuk diagnosis BA, terutama di negara berkembang. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi nilai diagnostik atresia biliaris dari MRCP ke hasil biopsi hati. Sebuah cross sectional untuk studi diagnostik didokumentasikan pasien rawat inap dari Juni 2014 hingga Juni 2015. Semua pasien menjalani MRCP dan pemeriksaan biopsi hati. Data usia, jenis kelamin, manifestasi klinis dan hasil MRCP dan biopsi hati dengan ROC untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dilakukan. Biopsi hati mengungkapkan atresia biliar dibuat berdasarkan proliferasi, degenerasi dan fibrosis saluran empedu. ROC untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang dilakukan. Dilakukan perhitungan sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediktif negatif, nilai prediksi positif MRCP dalam mendiagnosis BA. Terdapat 16 pasien yang terdaftar dalam penelitian ini dengan median usia diagnosis adalah 6 (kisaran 3-11) bulan. Terdapat 9 perempuan dari 16 pasien tersebut. Usia rata-rata onset penyakit kuning adalah 5 (kisaran 2-14) hari. Semua pasien mengalami hepatomegali dan splenomegali. Histopatologi dari biopsi hati mengungkapkan atresia bilier pada 12 dari 16 pasien. Dari kurva ROC, sensitivitas MRCP adalah 87,5% dan spesifisitas 62,5% dengan PPV 70% dan NPV 80%. Lima pasien menjalani prosedur Kasai dan mengungkapkan atresia bilier. MRCP sensitif namun tidak spesifik untuk mendiagnosis BA dan MRCP memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas sedang untuk diagnosis BA.Kata kunci: biliary atresia, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, liver biopsy, diagnostic test.Korespondensi: [email protected]

68-Ga-PSMA-PET in the diagnosis of local recurrent disease after radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
David Pfister ◽  
Matthias Schmidt ◽  
Tobias Kohl ◽  
Daniel Porres-Knoblauch ◽  
Axel Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Extended Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Psma Pet ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

213 Background: For planning salvage procedures in recurrent prostate cancer accurate diagnostic tools are needed. Till now in patients suspicious for isolated local recurrent cancer invasive biopsy was needed. 68-Ga-PSMA-PET is frequently used to identify even small metastatic deposits. We analyzed the diagnostic value to identify local recurrence in patients after radiotherapy undergoing salvage radical prostatectomy, sRPE. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing sRPE with 68-Ga-PSMA-PET as preoperative staging. All patients underwent sRPE and extended lymph node dissection. Sensitivity, Specificity, pos and neg predictive value had been calculated per patient and per prostate lobe. Results: 37 patients with preoperative 68-Ga-PSMA-PEt could be identified. In all but one at least in one lobe PSMA staining could be identified. Mean tumor volume per prostate lobe was 6.22 (0.1-24)ml. Sensitivity, Specificity, neg and pos predictive value per lobe is 80%, 75%, 32% and 96%. Sensitivity to identify cancer recurrence per person irrespective of the side is 95% with a pos predictive value of 100%. Conclusions: 68-Ga-PSMA-PET seems to have a very high diagnistic value to identify local recurrence after radiotherapy. After validation of our experience an invasive biopsy to proof cancer recurrence might be spared.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of electrocardiography for ventricular septal defect

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Besse Sarmila ◽  
Burhanuddin Iskandar ◽  
Dasril Daud
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) in children requires attention from medical practitioners, because CHDs that are diagnosed early and treated promptly have good prognoses. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common type of congenital heart disease. Objective To compare the accuracy of electrocardiography (ECG) to echocardiography in diagnosing VSD. Methods This diagnostic study was conducted from November 2013 until July 2015. It involved patients with acyanotic CHDs who were suspected to have VSD at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi. Results Of 114 children screened, 97 were included and analyzed. The frequency of positive VSD was 69.1% based on ECG, and 99% based on echocardiography. There was a significant difference between ECG and echocardiography (P=0.000). However, when small VSDs were excluded, there was no significant difference between the two diagnostic tools [(P=1.000), Kappa value was 0.66, sensitivity was 98.5%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 50%]. Conclusion There were significant differences between the ECG and echocardiography, for diagnosing VSD. However, if small VSDs were not included in the analysis, there was no difference between the two examinations, suggesting that ECG might be useful for diagnosing VSD in limited facilities hospitals.

scholarly journals How effective are drain tip cultures at predicting surgical site infections after hip arthroplasty?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Toga ◽  
Ayush Balaji ◽  
Osamu Hemmi ◽  
Ken Ishii ◽  
Shigeyuki Tokunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Postoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common complication of surgical procedures; however, the use of drain tip cultures to diagnose SSIs in patients is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of drain tip cultures for the prediction of postoperative SSIs in patients recovering from hip arthroplasty. Methods The data was compiled from 1,204 patients over a 15-year period. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of drain tip culture in determining surgical site infection. We also used this data to evaluate whether preexisting conditions such as hypertension or diabetes affected the probability of a patient getting an SSI. Results Drain tip cultures were positive in 12 of 1,112 cases of primary hip arthroplasty, but only one of these 12 patients were ultimately diagnosed with an SSI (sensitivity, 12.5%; specificity, 99.0%; p = 0.0834). Results from postoperative drain tip cultures performed in patients undergoing revision arthroplasty included two false positives and three false negatives; interestingly, no true positives were detected in any of the revision arthroplasty cases we evaluated (sensitivity, 0%; specificity, 97.8༅; p = 0.9355). Conclusions Our results indicate that drain tip cultures have no statistically significant predictive value for the diagnosis of post-operative SSIs and thus should not be used as a primary diagnostic or predictive tool for SSIs. We recommend that other diagnostic tools for the postoperative diagnosis of SSIs be explored. Standardized guidelines should therefore be established to improve the predictive value of alternative methods.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Mutations Associated with Isoniazid Resistance Points to Continuing Evolution and Subsequent Evasion of Molecular Detection, and Potential for Emergence of Multidrug Resistance in Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash J. Valafar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Isoniazid Resistance ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Reliable Basis

Molecular testing is rapidly becoming an integral component of global tuberculosis (TB) control. Uncommon mechanisms of resistance escape detection by these platforms and undermine our ability to contain outbreaks. This article is a systematic review of published articles that reported isoniazid (INH) resistance-conferring mutations between September 2013 and December 2019. The genes katG, inhA, fabG1, and the intergenic region oxyR’-ahpC were considered in this review. Fifty-two articles were included describing 9,306 clinical isolates (5,804 INHR, 3,502 INHS) from 31 countries. The three most frequently mutated loci continue to be katG315 (4,271), inhA-15 (787), and inhA-8 (106). However, the diagnostic value of inhA-8 is far lower than previously thought, only appearing in 25 (0.4%) INHR isolates lacking the first two mutations. We catalogued 45 new loci (29 katG, nine inhA, seven ahpC) associated with INH resistance and identified 59 loci (common to this and previous reviews) as a reliable basis for molecular diagnostics. Including all observed mutations provides a cumulative sensitivity of 85.6%. In 14.4% of resistant isolates no mechanism of resistance was detected, making them likely to escape molecular detection, and in case of mono INH resistance likely to convert to MDR-TB. Integrating the information cataloged in this study into current diagnostic tools is essential for combating the emergence of MDR-TB, and its exclusion can lead to an unintended selection against common mechanisms and to diversifying evolution. Observation of many low-frequency resistance-conferring mutations points to an advantage of WGS for diagnostics. Finally, we provide five recommendations for future diagnostic platforms.

Sensitivity Level of Placenta Accreta Index (PAI) Score and Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) Stage as Preoperative Diagnostic Tools for Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders (PASD) at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utari Purnama ◽  
Makmur Sitepu ◽  
Deri Edianto ◽  
Sarma Nursani Lumbanraja ◽  
Yudha Sudewo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Placenta Accreta ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Placenta Accreta Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: The incidence of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders (PASD) increases by 10-fold in 50 years along with the number of cesarean sections. Ultrasound examination using Placenta Accreta Index (PAI) score and Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) stage as a predictor of PASD has been used worldwide at the antenatal screening. The high diagnostic value of these tools will help the physician to diagnose PASD early and minimize the rate of maternal neonatal mortality and morbidity. Objectives: To evaluate the value of PAI score and PAS stage in diagnosing PASD. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test study using the medical records of mothers who gave birth at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan Indonesia between September 2017 to September 2020, who were diagnosed preoperatively as placenta previa suspected PASD through ultrasound examination using PAI score or PAS stage. The results of these two diagnostic tests were compared to clinical diagnostic criteria of PASD from The International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) with or without histopathological confirmation. Results: Of the 177 placenta previa cases, there were 142 women with PASD (80.2%). The diagnostic values of PAI score with 4.6 as an optimal cut-off point were 75% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 94% positive predictive values (PPV), and 47% negative predictive values (NPV). The diagnostic values of the PAS stage were 90% sensitivity, 83%, specificity, 96% PPV, and 68% NPV. Conclusion: PAI score and PAS stage have a diagnostic value that looks equally good when used as a diagnostic tool for PASD.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of saline infusion sonohysterography for detecting endometrial lesion and comparing it with hysteroscopy and histopathology in postmenopausal bleeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3320
Author(s):  
Suwaram Saini ◽  
Shweta Jain ◽  
Sarla Saini ◽  
Manish Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Better Than

Background: Different diagnostic tools are available to evaluate endometrial lesion such as hysteroscopy, sonohysterography and transvaginal ultrasound. The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of saline infusion sonohystrography (SIS) in diagnosis of intrauterine lesions in women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB).Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 100 married women with chief complain of PMB referred to gynecologic clinics at the Zenana hospital, Jaipur from March 2019 to February 2020. All participants were in the post-menopausal period that showed abnormal endometrial thickness (>4 mm) or endometrial focal lesions through transvaginal ultrasound. Participants underwent SIS, hysteroscopy plus endometrial biopsy in order. The gold standard was the histopathology of endometrial specimen reported by pathologist.Results: Mean age of women was 57.14 years. It is evident that sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SIS for the diagnosis of endometrial atrophy was 79.16%, 100%, 100% and 83.87% respectively which is higher than that of hysteroscopy and equivalent to histopathology. SIS and hysteroscopy are equally efficient in diagnosing endometrial polyp and submucous fibroid. And are better than histopathology. Histopathology is better than SIS and hysteroscopy for the diagnosis of endometrial proliferation.Conclusions: Findings show that, SIS probably is a proper method for detecting endometrial focal lesion including polyps and myomas. Future studies may help to define further advantages of this procedure.

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