scholarly journals Separation of Boron from Geothermal Waters with Membrane System

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Kadir Seval ◽  
Canan Onac ◽  
Ahmet Kaya ◽  
Abdullah Akdogan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Transport Parameter ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Acceptor Phase

This study presents the separation and recovery of boron from geothermal waters with a polymeric membrane system and suggests a transport mechanism. The optimum relative parameters of the transport were examined. The recovery value of boron was 60.46% by using polymeric membrane system from prepared aquatic solution to the acceptor phase. The membrane’s capacity and selectivity of the transport process were examined. Kinetics values were calculated for each transport parameter. The optimum kinetic values were 1.4785 × 10−6 (s−1), 7.3273 × 10−8 (m/s), 13.5691 × 10−8 (mol/m2.s), 5.8174 × 10−12 (m2/s) for constant rate, permeability coefficient, flux, and diffusion coefficient, respectively. Boron was transported selectively and successfully from geothermal waters in the presence of other metal cations with 59.85% recovery value. This study indicates the application of real samples in polymeric membrane systems, which are very practical, economic, and easy to use for large-scale applications. The chemical and physical properties of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) offer the opportunity to be specially designed for specific applications.

Accidental Sustainability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jones
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Whole Foods

This chapter examines the scaling and diffusion of green entrepreneurship between 1980 and the present. It explores how entrepreneurs and business leaders promoted the idea that business and sustainability were compatible. It then examines the rapid growth of organic foods, natural beauty, ecological architecture, and eco-tourism. Green firms sometimes grew to a large scale, such as the retailer Whole Foods Market in the United States. The chapter explores how greater mainstreaming of these businesses resulted in a new set of challenges arising from scaling. Organic food was now transported across large distances causing a negative impact on carbon emissions. More eco-tourism resulted in more air travel and bigger airports. In other industries scaling had a more positive impact. Towns were major polluters, so more ecological buildings had a positive impact.

scholarly journals From Mixing to the Large Scale Circulation: How the Inverse Cascade Is Involved in the Formation of the Subsurface Currents in the Gulf of Guinea

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernand Assene ◽  
Yves Morel ◽  
Audrey Delpech ◽  
Micael Aguedjou ◽  
Julien Jouanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Equatorial Undercurrent ◽  
Zonal Jets ◽  
Mean Fields ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North And South ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Meridional Advection

In this paper, we analyse the results from a numerical model at high resolution. We focus on the formation and maintenance of subsurface equatorial currents in the Gulf of Guinea and we base our analysis on the evolution of potential vorticity (PV). We highlight the link between submesoscale processes (involving mixing, friction and filamentation), mesoscale vortices and the mean currents in the area. In the simulation, eastward currents, the South and North Equatorial Undercurrents (SEUC and NEUC respectively) and the Guinea Undercurrent (GUC), are shown to be linked to the westward currents located equatorward. We show that east of 20° W, both westward and eastward currents are associated with the spreading of PV tongues by mesoscale vortices. The Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) brings salty waters into the Gulf of Guinea. Mixing diffuses the salty anomaly downward. Meridional advection, mixing and friction are involved in the formation of fluid parcels with PV anomalies in the lower part and below the pycnocline, north and south of the EUC, in the Gulf of Guinea. These parcels gradually merge and vertically align, forming nonlinear anticyclonic vortices that propagate westward, spreading and horizontally mixing their PV content by stirring filamentation and diffusion, up to 20° W. When averaged over time, this creates regions of nearly homogeneous PV within zonal bands between 1.5° and 5° S or N. This mean PV field is associated with westward and eastward zonal jets flanking the EUC with the homogeneous PV tongues corresponding to the westward currents, and the strong PV gradient regions at their edges corresponding to the eastward currents. Mesoscale vortices strongly modulate the mean fields explaining the high spatial and temporal variability of the jets.

Are the Pre-Diffusion Phases Shortening?

2010 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
J. R. Ortt
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the pre-diffusion phases for high-tech products. These phases last from the first time a technology is mastered and demonstrated up to the start of the large-scale production and diffusion of products based on that technology. The purpose of this chapter is to underline the managerial relevance of the pre-diffusion phases. Two questions will be answered in particular: (1) How long do these pre-diffusion phases last for high-tech products? (2) Have these phases shortened or not over the last 150 years? Fifty-three cases of high-tech products, invented between 1837 and 1998, are investigated. The pre-diffusion phases are shown to last 16 years on average, but their length varies considerably per case. No proof for the shortening of these phases over time is found. The resources devoted to research and development in different fields of expertise may have increased but the length of the pre-diffusion phases has not shortened accordingly.

E-Business Adoption and its Impact on Performance

2010 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Sabah Abdullah Al-Somali ◽  
Ben Clegg ◽  
Roya Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Insight Into

Organizations today face intense competitive and economic pressures leading to large scale transformation of existing business operations and transactions. In addition, organizations have adopted automated business processes to deal with partners and customers. E-business diffusion is a multi-phase process, moving from initiation through to routinisation and an insight into the adoption processes helps organizations to adopt e-business more effectively. It is imperative that organizations effectively manage the e-business environment, and all associated changes to accommodate the changing relationships with customers and business partners and more importantly, to improve performance. This chapter discusses the process of e-business implementation, usage and diffusion (routinisation stage) on business performance.

scholarly journals PROTOCOL: Displacement of Crime and Diffusion of Crime Control Benefits in Large‐Scale Geographic Areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weisburd ◽  
Cody W. Telep ◽  
Doron Teichman ◽  
Charlotte E. Gill ◽  
Zoe Vitter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
And Diffusion

scholarly journals Regional to Global Evolution of Impacts of Parameterized Mountain-Wave Drag in the Lower Stratosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 3093-3106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Kruse
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
Mountain Wave ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Evolution ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractMountain ranges are regional features on Earth, as are the regions of mountain-wave drag (MWD) exerted by dissipating atmospheric gravity waves generated by flow over them. However, these regional drags have significant global- or zonal-mean impacts on Earth’s atmospheric general circulation (e.g., slowing of the polar night jet). The objective of this work is to understand the regional to global evolution of these impacts. The approach is to track the evolution of MWD-generated potential vorticity (PV) over the winter using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Within an ensemble of winter-long runs with and without MWD, lower-stratospheric PV is generated over mountains and advected downstream, generating large-scale PV banners. These PV banners are diffused but survive this diffusion and are reinforced over downstream mountain ranges, accumulating into zonal-mean or global features within WACCM. A simple 2D model representing sources, advection, and diffusion of “passive PV” recreates the salient features in the WACCM results, suggesting the winter-long evolution of MWD-generated PV can be crudely understood in terms of horizontal advection and diffusion within a global vortex. In the Northern Hemisphere, cyclonic, equatorward PV banners accumulate zonally into a single zonally symmetric positive PV anomaly. The anticyclonic, poleward PV banners also accumulate into a zonally symmetric feature, but then diffuse over the North Pole into a negative PV polar cap. In the Southern Hemisphere, the same processes are at work, though the different geographic configuration of mountain ranges leads to different patterns of impacts.

scholarly journals Isolation of Quercetin from Rubus fruticosus, Their Concentration through NF/RO Membranes, and Recovery through Carbon Nanocomposite. A Pilot Plant Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahoor ◽  
Abdul Bari Shah ◽  
Sumaira Naz ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Ahmed Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Drain Pipe ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium Data ◽  
Carbon Nanocomposite

In this study, an attempt has been made to devise a method for a large-scale production of quercetin from a medicinal plant. The natural products are first isolated from plants and then synthesized commercially. During their synthesis, a number of impurities or side products are also formed, most of which are carcinogenic. Plant products have limited side effects. Therefore, they are considered safe to be used for systemic uses. In the Rubus fruticosus fruit, the ethyl acetate extract was loaded to 50 optimized silica gel columns. The effluents of columns were passed through the membrane system for concentration. A 100% recovery was achieved from the drain pipe in case of reverse osmosis membrane when the specified rely of the pilot plant was set on 25% rejection. About 95% recovery was achieved through the NF membrane while the 5% loss in permeate was recovered through magnetic carbon nanocomposite (characterized through a bar magnet, SEM, XRD, and EDX). The equilibrium time of adsorption was 83 min and followed by pseudo-first-order kinetics. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. Through the devised method, quercetin was successfully concentrated with high efficiencies; however, further studies are needed to validate the method.

Metal halide lamps: Gravitational influence on color separation

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Stoffels ◽  
A. J. Flikweert ◽  
T. Nimalasuriya ◽  
J. J. A. M. van der Mullen ◽  
G. M. W. Kroesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Color Separation ◽  
Gravitational Influence ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Flows

Metal halide lamps are very efficient light sources based on a Hg plasma arc with metal halide salt additions. In spite of their high efficiency, the lamps suffer from several problems, such as color separation and instabilities, which currently hinder large-scale use. These phenomena are caused by a complex interaction of convection and diffusion flows in the plasma. In order to unravel the various contributions, experiments under microgravity have been performed where convection is absent. The experiments confirm the previously held qualitative views, but also provide absolute data on densities and temperatures that will be used to validate numerical models of these lamps.

scholarly journals Determining the most suitable layout of space for the loading units’ handling in the maritime port

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Stopka ◽  
Rudolf Kampf
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Mode Of Transport

The main advantages of maritime transport are (1) lowest costs, (2) large-scale carriage capacity, (3) carriage of different goods over long distances and (4) the most acceptable mode of transport in the context of the environment. This mode of transport is considered more profitable and more cost-effective than all other transport modes. Modern maritime ports have become the essential nodal components of freight transport networks. This paper is focused on determining the most suitable layout of space for the loading units warehousing and handling in the maritime port using the particular method. In the paper, four types of layout and five criteria were taken into account. Layout of warehousing and handling space can affect the entire transport process and can have a great effect on the economics of enterprises.

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