scholarly journals Assessment of an Integrated and Sustainable Multistage System for the Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Phumeza Akhona Dyosile ◽  
Cebisa Mdladla ◽  
Mahomet Njoya ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Multistage System ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lipid Reduction

This paper assesses the performance of an integrated multistage laboratory-scale plant, for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW). The system was comprised of an eco-flush dosed bio-physico pre-treatment unit for fats, oil, and grease (FOG) hydrolysis prior to the PSW being fed to a down-flow expanded granular bed reactor (DEGBR), coupled to a membrane bioreactor (DEGBR-MBR). The system’s configuration strategy was developed to achieve optimal PSW treatment by introducing the enzymatic pre-treatment unit for the lipid-rich influent (PSW) in order to treat FOG including odour causing constituents such as H2S known to sour anaerobic digestion (AD) such that the PSW pollutant load is alleviated prior to AD treatment. This was conducted to aid the reduction in clogging and sludge washout in the DEGBR-MBR systems and to achieve the optimum reactor and membrane system performance. A performance for the treatment of PSW after lipid reduction was conducted through a qualitative analysis by assessing the pre- and post-pre-treatment units’ chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and FOG concentrations across all other units and, in particular, the membrane units. Furthermore, a similar set-up and operating conditions in a comparative study was also performed. The pre-treatment unit’s biodelipidation abilities were characterised by a mean FOG removal of 80% and the TSS and COD removal reached 38 and 56%, respectively. The final acquired removal results on the DEGBR, at an OLR of ~18–45 g COD/L.d, was 87, 93, and 90% for COD, TSS, and FOG, respectively. The total removal efficiency across the pre-treatment-DEGBR-MBR units was 99% for COD, TSS, and FOG. Even at a high OLR, the pre-treatment-DEGBR-MBR train seemed a robust treatment strategy and achieved the effluent quality set requirements for effluent discharge in most countries.

scholarly journals Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Remediation Using a Bio-Delipidation Pre-Treatment Unit Coupled with an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Cebisa Thabo Mdladla ◽  
Phumeza Akhona Dyosile ◽  
Mahomet Njoya ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Phase Separator

The treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) with an Expanded Granular Sludge-Bed Bioreactor (EGSB) is hindered by the accumulation and washout of sludge, and difficulties associated with the operation of the three-phase separator and the determination of the optimum up-flow velocity for sludge-bed fluidization. This results in a poor reactor functionality, and thus a poor performance due to fats, oil and grease (FOG) in the PSW being treated. Hydrolyzing the FOG content with a bio-delipidation, enzyme-based agent in a pre-treatment unit would significantly improve the effectiveness of the EGSB. In this study, PSW was pre-treated for 48 h with a biological mixture containing bioflocculants and bio-delipidation constituents. The pre-treated PSW was further treated in an EGSB. The PSW FOG, total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) content were determined to assess the effectiveness of the pre-treatment process as well as to observe the remedial action of the combined pre-treatment-EGSB system. An increased treatment efficacy was noted for the combined PSW treatment system, whereby the COD, FOG and TSS removal averaged 76%, 88% and 87%, respectively. The process developed is intended for micro, small and medium poultry slaughterhouses.

scholarly journals Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using a static granular bed reactor (SGBR) coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Basitere ◽  
Z. Rinquest ◽  
M. Njoya ◽  
M. S. Sheldon ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Static Granular Bed Reactor

The South African poultry industry has grown exponentially in recent years due to an increased demand for their products. As a result, poultry plants consume large volumes of high quality water to ensure that hygienically safe poultry products are produced. Furthermore, poultry industries generate high strength wastewater, which can be treated successfully at low cost using anaerobic digesters. In this study, the performance of a bench-scale mesophilic static granular bed reactor (SGBR) containing fully anaerobic granules coupled with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system, as a post-treatment system, was investigated. The poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was characterized by a chemical oxygen demand (COD) range between 1,223 and 9,695mg/L, average biological oxygen demand of 2,375mg/L and average fats, oil and grease (FOG) of 554mg/L. The SGBR anaerobic reactor was operated for 9 weeks at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), i.e. 55 and 40 h, with an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.01 and 3.14g COD/L.day. The SGBR results showed an average COD, total suspended solids (TSS) and FOG removal of 93%, 95% and 90% respectively, for both OLR. The UF post-treatment results showed an average of COD, TSS and FOG removal of 64%, 88% and 48%, respectively. The overall COD, TSS and FOG removal of the system (SGBR and UF membrane) was 98%, 99.8%, and 92.4%, respectively. The results of the combined SGBR reactor coupled with the UF membrane showed a potential to ensure environmentally friendly treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Biological Pre-Treatment Coupled with the Down-Flow Expanded Granular Bed Reactor (DEGBR) for Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6536
Author(s):  
Derrick Njabuliso Dlamini ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Mahomet Njoya ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Ephraim Kaskote
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater contains high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSSs), fats, oil and grease (FOG), proteins and carbohydrates. It is important that the wastewater is treated to acceptable environmental discharge standards. In this study, the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) was treated using two-stage processes consisting of a biological pre-treatment using a biodegrading agent (Eco-flushTM) coupled with a down-flow expanded granular bed reactor (DEGBR). The results showed that the biological pre-treatment was observed to be highly effective for removal of FOG, COD and TSS with a removal efficiency of 80 ± 6.3%, 38 ± 8.4% and 56 ± 7.2%, respectively. The DEGBR showed a stable performance in terms FOG, COD and, TSS removal, with average removal efficiencies of 89 ± 2.8%, 87 ± 9.5%, and 94 ± 3.7%, respectively. The overall removal rate performance of the integrated system of pre-treatment and DEGBR in terms FOG, COD and TSS, was 97 ± 0.8%, 92 ± 6.3% and 97 ± 1.2%. Furthermore, the average volatile fatty acid/alkalinity (VFA/Alkalinity) ratio of 0.2 was reported, which indicated that the DEGBR was stable throughout the operation.

Performance of an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor coupled with anoxic and aerobic bioreactors for treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Basitere ◽  
Y. Williams ◽  
M. S. Sheldon ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe ◽  
D. De Jager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Aerobic Bioreactors

Generally, slaughterhouses have the largest consumption of fresh water and thus generate large quantities of high strength wastewater, which can be treated successfully using low cost biological treatment processes. In this study, the feasibility of using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) anaerobic reactor coupled with anoxic and aerobic bioreactors for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was investigated. The poultry slaughterhouse was characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), 2 to 6 g/L, with average biological oxygen demand of 2.4 g/L and average fats, oil and grease (FOG) being 0.55 g/L. A continuous EGSB anaerobic reactor was operated for 26 days at different hydraulic retention times (HRT), i.e. 7, 4, 3 days, and organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 g COD/L.day, respectively, to assess the bioremediation of the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The average COD removal from the EGSB was 40%, 57% and 55% at the different OLR and HRT assessed. At high OLR of 1.0 g COD/L.day, the overall COD removal from the system (EGSB-anoxic/aerobic) averaged 65%. The system experienced periodical sludge washout during high FOG and suspended solids loading. It was concluded that the EGSB system requires a dissolved air flotation system, for FOG/suspended solid reduction, as the performance of the overall system was observed to deteriorate over time due to the presence of a high quantity of FOG including suspended solids.

Evaluation of different pre-hydrolysis times and enzyme pool concentrations on the biodegradability of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater with a high fat content

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. G. Valladão ◽  
P. E. Sartore ◽  
D. M. G. Freire ◽  
M. C. Cammarota
Keyword(s):  
Control Experiment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Pre Treatment

The effect of different hydrolysis times (4, 8 and 24 h) of a lipase-rich enzymatic preparation (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% w/v) produced by fungus Penicillium sp. in solid-state fermentation was evaluated on the anaerobic biodegradability of a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater with 800 mg oil and grease [O&G]/L in three sequential batches. The enzymatic pre-treatment of O&G in the experiments with no acclimated sludge had no discernible effect because regardless of the conditions adopted COD removal efficiencies of 95.3% to 98.7% were obtained. However, when the sludge was reused (once or twice) the COD removal efficiencies in the control experiments (69.8% and 53.4%) were considerably lower than in the experiments with hydrolyzed effluent (of 93.8% to 98.4%). Higher values of specific methane production were obtained with 0.1% SEP and 4 h of hydrolysis. After acclimation of the sludge, 19.9% fat was still adhered to the sludge in the control experiment, while the sludge in the experiment with enzymatically pre-treated effluent contained only 8.6% fat, confirming the accumulation of fat when the enzyme pool was not used.

Treatment of Refinery Wastewater with Isolated Biological Aerated Filters: A Pilot-Scale Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2332-2341
Author(s):  
Jian Guang Huang ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
Wen Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Set Up

A pilot scale biochemical treatment system containing three isolated biological aerated filters, one oil-separation pool and one secondary sedimentation tank was set up and used for high concentration organic waste water treatment. Effect of different operating conditions on Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODCr), sulphides, hydroxybenzene and oil degradation was investigated. And the ways of sulphides removal were also explored. While CODCr, the concentrations of sulphides, hydroxybenzene and oil in the waste water are no more than 1500 mg/L, 800 mg/L, 15 mg/L and 150mg/L, respectively, the system can run stably and the total removal of these pollutants is 88.8%, 98.8%, 96.8% and 91.0% accordingly though hydraulic retention time (HRT) varies from 7.95 hr to 15.90 hr and the air/water volume ratio (AWVR) varies from 12 to 8. Most of the sulphides are removed by Biodegradation with Isolated Biological Aerated Filters. Most of the pollutants are removed in the 1st BAF and about 96.5% by mean value of sulphides transforme into elemental sulfur and only about 2.7% by mean value of sulphides transforme into sulphates.

scholarly journals Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater (PSW) Using a Pretreatment Stage, an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor (EGSB), and a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Honeil Basile Meyo ◽  
Mahomet Njoya ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Ephraim Kaskote
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Alternative Means

This study presents the biological treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) using a combination of a biological pretreatment stage, an expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB), and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to treat PSW. This PSW treatment was geared toward reducing the concentration of contaminants present in the PSW to meet the City of Cape Town (CoCT) discharge standards and evaluate an alternative means of treating medium- to high-strength wastewater at low cost. The EGSB used in this study was operated under mesophilic conditions and at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 69 to 456 mg COD/L·h. The pretreatment stage of this laboratory-scale (lab-scale) plant played an important role in the pretreatment of the PSW, with removal percentages varying between 20% and 50% for total suspended solids (TSS), 20% and 70% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 50% and 83% for fats, oil, and grease (FOG). The EGSB further reduced the concentration of these contaminants to between 25% and 90% for TSS, 20% and 80% for COD, and 20% and >95% for FOG. The last stage of this process, i.e., the membrane bioreactor (MBR), contributed to a further decrease in the concentration of these contaminants with a peak removal performance of >95% for TSS and COD and 80% for the FOG. Overall, the system (pretreatment–EGSB–MBR) exceeded 97% for TSS and COD removal and 97.5% for FOG removal. These results culminated in a product (treated wastewater) meeting the discharge standards.

scholarly journals Bio-Delipidation of Dissolved Air Flotation Pre-Treated Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyasanga Mbulawa ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Yolanda Mpentshu ◽  
Cynthia Dlangamandla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

Delipidation is a method of defatting that is generally associated with the removal of residual lipids or lipid groups from matrices in which they are present in minute quantities. The bio-delipidation of protein-rich poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) pre-treated with a dissolved air flotation (DAF) system was developed using microbial lipases from bacterial strains isolated from the PSW. The efficacy of the bio-delipidation system was quantitatively characterised by comparing the quality parameters i.e., fats, oil and grease (FOGs), turbidity, total suspended solutes (TSS), total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) and protein concentration of the DAF pre-treated PSW and bio-lipidized samples. As hypothesised, the bio-delipidation system was able to effectively reduce the levels of these quality parameters when crude lipases of Bacillus cereus AB1 (BF3) and Bacillus cereus CC-1 (B30) strains were used. Strain-dependent quality characteristics were also observed in bio-delipidized samples. The study successfully managed to complement physical reduction techniques (DAF) with biological strategies (bio-delipidation) for improved PSW quality, with potential industrial applications.

Bioaugmentation treatment of PV wafer manufacturing wastewater by microbial culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Zhu ◽  
Maoxia Chen ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Zili Xiao ◽  
Houzhen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Aerobic Treatment Unit

The wastewater of silicon photovoltaic (PV) battery manufacturing contained polyethylene glycol (PEG) and detergents, which possessed the characteristics of high content of organics and low bioavailability, and then resulted in high treatment costs. To address the difficulties of existing treatment facilities in stably meeting discharge standards, eight tons of microbial culture (consisting of Bacillus sp. and Rhodococcus sp.) were added into the aerobic treatment unit. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the microbial culture in small-scale biological wastewater treatment was evaluated, and the operating conditions for engineering applications were optimized. The application study showed that the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached 95.0% when the pH value was 7, the gas–water ratio was 28:1, the reflux ratio was 50%, which indicated an increase of 51.2% contrasting with the situation without bioaugmentation. The volume load of the treatment facilities after augmentation increased by 127.9% and could tolerate the COD shock load reached 2,340 mg · L−1. At last, the effluence met the class I standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978–1996).

Development of a naturally derived coagulant for water and wastewater treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Folkard ◽  
J. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Wide Range

Seeds of the pan tropical tree, Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) contain water soluble, positively charged proteins that act as an effective coagulant (molecular weight 13 kDa and isoelectric pH 10-11). Treatment studies are reviewed using the extracts of the crushed seed kernel and of the presscake (solids residue remaining after oil extraction). M. oleifera seed was incorporated into a pilot scale treatment system as a primary coagulant to clarify river water of 400 NTU in the wet season. Over 90% turbidity removal was achieved in the sedimentation stage at a dosage of 100 mgL-1. The filtrate turbidity was maintained well below 5 NTU. Subsequent trials were conducted in an adjacent works operating at 60 m3h-1. Treatment performance was comparable to that of using aluminium sulphate. Inlet turbidities of 270-380 NTU were consistently reduced to below 4 NTU. A comprehensive study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of using M. oleifera coagulant within a contact flocculation filtration (CFF) pilot rig. A wide range of operating conditions was evaluated in order to establish the useful “working envelope” for this process combination (filtration rates 5-20 mh-1, initial turbidities 20-50 NTU). Principal results are presented. As a coagulant within chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) of a mixed wastewater, M. oleifera dosed at 150 mgL-1 gave additional removals (compared to a plain sedimentation control) of 40% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and in excess of 80% for suspended solids (SS). Subsequent laboratory work coupled an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) to CEPS. M. oleifera coagulant in the CEPS pre-treatment unit beneficially increased the ratio of soluble COD to volatile SS by a factor of ten compared to plain sedimentation and by a factor of three when dosing ferric chloride. The UASB yielded more biogas and gave enhanced COD removal. Recent work on the extraction and purification of the active coagulant components is reviewed and the prospects for commercialisation are considered.

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