scholarly journals Antibiofilm Effects of Heated Scallop Shell Powder on Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Haruka Tsukuda ◽  
Taiki Akimoto ◽  
Nona Fukikoshi ◽  
Resei Wada ◽  
Jun Sawai
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Scallop Shell ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Scallop Shells ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions ◽  
Shell Powder ◽  
Bactericidal Agent

Methods to reuse large numbers of scallop shells from the harvesting regions of Japan are being explored. The major component of scallop shells is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which forms the powerful bactericidal agent, calcium oxide (CaO), when heated. Heated scallop shell powder (HSSP) exhibits strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This study investigated the antibiofilm activity of HSSP against the biofilms of Campylobacter jejuni, which is the predominant species in campylobacteriosis. Biofilm samples of C. jejuni were prepared on 0.45 µm filter paper under microaerobic conditions. The HSSP treatment inactivated and eradicated C. jejuni biofilms. The resistance of C. jejuni biofilms to HSSP was significantly higher than that of the floating cells. Moreover, the antibiofilm activity of the HSSP treatment against C. jejuni biofilms was higher than that of NaOH treatment at the same pH. These results indicated that HSSP treatment is an effective method for controlling C. jejuni biofilms.

The Use of Scallop Shell Powder as a Method of Extracting Strontium

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (52) ◽  
pp. 3525-3532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiro Mihara ◽  
Ken Takeuchi ◽  
Sanae Tamura ◽  
Yasushi Idemoto ◽  
Yasuo Kogo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Scallop Shell ◽  
Scallop Shells ◽  
Shell Powder ◽  
Advanced Functional Material

ABSTRACTIn Japan, scallop shells are considered to be industrial waste. Thus far, attempts for reusing these shells have been mainly limited to the commercial production of CaCO3. Nevertheless, there are no clear economic benefits associated with the use of scallop shells as a source of CaCO3. Hence, we are attempting to investigate a new value-added use for scallop shells as an advanced functional material. In this regard, we focused our attention on nuclear wastewater, which contains radioactive Sr and Cs. Sr, which tends to accumulate in bones, is believed to cause bone cancer. Hence, it is highly desirable to develop a method for removing Sr from contaminated water. In this study, we investigate whether scallop shells demonstrate the ability to remove Sr from a solution. From the results obtained, scallop shells can remove Sr solutes from a solution; furthermore, as compared to CaCO3, they demonstrate superior ability for removing Sr.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation by Campylobacter jejuni Is Increased under Aerobic Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2122-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Reuter ◽  
Arthur Mallett ◽  
Bruce M. Pearson ◽  
Arnoud H. M. van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Passive Release ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions ◽  
Developed World

ABSTRACT The microaerophilic human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. During transmission through the food chain and the environment, the organism must survive stressful environmental conditions, particularly high oxygen levels. Biofilm formation has been suggested to play a role in the environmental survival of this organism. In this work we show that C. jejuni NCTC 11168 biofilms developed more rapidly under environmental and food-chain-relevant aerobic conditions (20% O2) than under microaerobic conditions (5% O2, 10% CO2), although final levels of biofilms were comparable after 3 days. Staining of biofilms with Congo red gave results similar to those obtained with the commonly used crystal violet staining. The level of biofilm formation by nonmotile aflagellate strains was lower than that observed for the motile flagellated strain but nonetheless increased under aerobic conditions, suggesting the presence of flagellum-dependent and flagellum-independent mechanisms of biofilm formation in C. jejuni. Moreover, preformed biofilms shed high numbers of viable C. jejuni cells into the culture supernatant independently of the oxygen concentration, suggesting a continuous passive release of cells into the medium rather than a condition-specific active mechanism of dispersal. We conclude that under aerobic or stressful conditions, C. jejuni adapts to a biofilm lifestyle, allowing survival under detrimental conditions, and that such a biofilm can function as a reservoir of viable planktonic cells. The increased level of biofilm formation under aerobic conditions is likely to be an adaptation contributing to the zoonotic lifestyle of C. jejuni.

Bactericidal Effect of Calcium Oxide (Scallop-Shell Powder) AgainstPseudomonas aeruginosaBiofilm on Quail Egg Shell, Stainless Steel, Plastic, and Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1682-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Jin Jung ◽  
Shin Young Park ◽  
Seh Eun Kim ◽  
Ike Kang ◽  
Jiyong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Scallop Shell ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Shell Powder

Production and Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody to Campylobacter jejuni

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. HEO ◽  
R. NANNAPANENI ◽  
M. G. JOHNSON ◽  
J. S. PARK ◽  
K. H. SEO
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Carbonate Buffer ◽  
Horse Blood ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions ◽  
Immunoglobulin Subclass

Campylobacter species are a group of spiral-shaped bacteria that can cause disease in humans and animals. We developed a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (MAb) probe that recognizes Campylobacter jejuni cells. Cell suspensions grown under microaerobic conditions at 42°C for 20 h on Bolton agar plates with lysed horse blood were used as live and heat-killed preparations, centrifuged at 8,000 × g for 20 min, and resuspended in carbonate buffer (pH 9.6) for coating on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plates. BALB/c mice were immunized with C. jejuni sonicated cells at 107 CFU/ml to generate MAb-producing hybridoma clones. Of about 500 initial hybridoma clones, MAb 33D2, which reacted with C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli, was selected for further evaluation. MAb 33D2 is in the immunoglobulin subclass G2a and had relatively weaker reactivity with the C. coli strains tested. MAb 33D2 did not show any cross-reactions with the nine non-Campylobacter bacteria tested in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and had a stronger affinity for C. jejuni as live versus heat-killed cells. In Western blot assays, MAb 33D2 recognized two major antigens of 62 and 43 kDa in extracts from C. jejuni cells but only one antigen of 62 kDa in extracts from C. coli cells.

Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in Fresh and Heated Red Meat

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL KOIDIS ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
D Values

Studies were done to assess the ability of Campylobacter jejuni to survive in fresh ground beef during refrigerated storage and to identify time-temperature treatments needed to inactivate Campylobacter in ground and cubed red meat. The organism survived well in refrigerated ground beef containing large numbers of indigenous bacteria. Relatively little death (< 1.2-log10 reduction) occurred for 7 of 8 strains during 14 d at 4°C. C. jejuni inoculated into ground beef and cubed lamb meat was quite sensitive to heat treatment. D-values for inactivation of campylobacters in ground beef ranged from 5.9 to 6.3 min at 50°C and from 12 to 21 s at 58°C. D-values were generally greater when campylobacters were heated in lamb meat, ranging from 5.9 to 13.3 min and 12.5 to 15.8 s at 50 and 60°C, respectively. All strains of C. jejuni were more sensitive to heat than salmonellae, hence meat heated to a temperature sufficient to inactivate Salmonella spp. should be free of viable campylobacters.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Scallop-Shell Powder against Avian Influenza Virus and Goose Parvovirus

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misato Tsujimura ◽  
Chanathip Thammakarn ◽  
Yuki Yamada ◽  
Keisuke Satoh ◽  
Tomomi Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Scallop Shell ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Shell Powder

Slugs in Conservation Tillage Corn and Soybeans in the Eastern Corn Belt

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Hammond ◽  
Terry Beck ◽  
Judith A. Smith ◽  
Roger Amos ◽  
John Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Arion Subfuscus ◽  
Glycine Max L

Slug problems have increased in frequency as conservation tillage has become a more widely adapted practice for production of corn, Zea mays (L.), and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in the Midwest. Because of the increasing concern about slug damage to these crops, we initiated studies to aid growers in management of this serious pest. Slug populations were sampled in conservation-tillage fields in seven counties in Ohio from 1994–1996 to determine the species that were present in field crops and to gain insights into their life histories and damage potential. Four slug species were collected in numbers sufficient to be considered of potential economic importance. The predominant species in population size and geographic range were Deroceras reticulatum (Müller), followed closely by D. leave (Müller). Both species were common in most fields. The third most numerous slug species was Arion subfuscus (Drapamaud). Although this species was found in fewer fields, it was often collected in very large numbers. The fourth slug. A. fasciatus (Nilsson), was found only in two counties. We observed juvenile D. reticulatum causing the most damage by their feeding in late-May and in June. Damage caused by the other species was not as evident, with the possible exception of A. subfuscus causing stand loss in soybeans.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in the prevalence and species richness of Campylobacter spp. in a prairie watershed impacted by urban and agricultural mixed inputs

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah D. Tambalo ◽  
Tyler Boa ◽  
Bijaya Aryal ◽  
Christopher K. Yost
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Contaminated Irrigation Water ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter spp. are a substantial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Human infection can result from ingestion of contaminated food or water from a variety of sources, including the consumption of fresh produce that is contaminated with the pathogen via the use of contaminated irrigation water. Using molecular methods, we investigated the occurrence of Campylobacter in the Qu’Appelle River watershed, an important source of irrigation water for vegetable producers in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Water samples were collected from 7 sampling sites from April to September 2009 (145 samples), and from 5 sampling sites from May to October 2013 (116 samples). Campylobacter was detected in 57% and 16% of the samples collected in 2009 and 2013, respectively. Campylobacter detection was highest in May and June for both sampling years. In 2009, the predominant species were Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter jejuni, with prevalences of 84% and 41%, respectively. Other Campylobacter spp. were detected less frequently. Only C. lari was detected in 2013. The results in 2009 demonstrate the species richness of Campylobacter in water sources within the watershed. The occurrence of Campylobacter in the study area also underscores the importance of monitoring irrigation water used to irrigate fresh produce from a public health prospective.

scholarly journals Investigating the Suitability of a Laboratory Mouse Model to Study the Pathogenesis of Abortifacient Campylobacter jejuni

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-564
Author(s):  
Victoria D. Lashley ◽  
Michael J. Yaeger ◽  
Ju Ji ◽  
Orhan Sahin ◽  
Zuowei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Neutral Mucin ◽  
Reproductive Pathology

The aim of this study was to assess whether pregnant mice represent a useful model to study the reproductive pathology of Campylobacter jejuni IA3902 using the end point of positive microbial culture of the organism from the fetoplacental unit. Pregnant BALB/c and CD-1 mice (14 days’ gestation) were inoculated orally and intraperitoneally (IP) with 1 × 109 colony-forming units/ml of C. jejuni IA3902. The organism was recovered by microbial culture from the fetoplacental unit in 10 of 10 BALB/c and 10 of 10 CD-1 IP-inoculated pregnant mice and in 29% (2/7) BALB/c and 38% (3/8) CD-1 orally inoculated pregnant mice. Gross reproductive lesions included necrosuppurative placentitis, fetal resorption, intrauterine fetal death, stillborn pups (dead neonates), and multifocal hepatitis. Histological changes consisted of locally extensive neutrophilic and necrotizing placentitis with intralesional bacterial colonies of C. jejuni, ulcerative endometritis, random multifocal hepatitis, and rare cholecystitis. Immunohistochemistry for the major outer membrane protein of C. jejuni revealed moderate to large numbers of the organism at the periphery of the placental discs, within trophoblasts and extracellularly, with invasion into the placental disc largely via the vascular network. The organism is trophic for neutral mucin, iron, and L-fucose within the murine placenta. C. jejuni IA3902 has affinity for the murine reproductive tract, specifically the fetoplacental unit, where it results in a necrotizing placentitis with positive microbial recovery after both IP and oral challenge in BALB/c and CD-1 pregnant mice.

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