scholarly journals Design Optimization of Selective Lithium Leaching of Cathodic Active Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Taguchi Method

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yeon Jae Jung ◽  
Bong Young Yoo ◽  
Sung Cheol Park ◽  
Seong Ho Son
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Inductively Coupled

The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased in recent years. Thus, efficient recycling is important. In this study, the Taguchi method was used to find the optimal selective lithium leaching parameters for spent LIB recycling. Orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance were employed to investigate the optimization of selective lithium leaching. The experimental parameters were heat treatment and leaching conditions. The lithium leaching ratio was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The reaction temperature was analyzed by thermogravimetry differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) using lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) and carbon powder, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed after heat treatment at different temperatures. From the XRD analysis, a Li2CO3 peak was observed at 700 °C. After heat treatment at 850 °C, a peak of Li2O was confirmed as Li2CO3 decomposed into Li2O and CO2 over 723 °C. The Li2O reacts with Co3O4 at a high temperature to form LCO. The phase of lithium in the LIB changes according to the conditional heat treatment, affecting the lithium leaching rates. As heat treatment conditions, N2 atmosphere combined with 700 °C heat treatment is suitable, and the solid–liquid ratio is important as a leaching factor for selective lithium leaching.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Lithium Ion Battery Active Materials—A Proof-of-Concept Study

Recycling ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Jonas Henschel ◽  
Maximilian Mense ◽  
Patrick Harte ◽  
Marcel Diehl ◽  
Julius Buchmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Inductively Coupled

The lithium-ion battery is the most powerful energy storage technology for portable and mobile devices. The enormous demand for lithium-ion batteries is accompanied by an incomplete recycling loop for used lithium-ion batteries and excessive mining of Li and transition metals. The hyperaccumulation of plants represents a low-cost and green technology to reduce environmental pollution of landfills and disused mining regions with low environmental regulations. To examine the capabilities of these approaches, the hyperaccumulation selectivity of Alyssum murale for metals in electrode materials (Ni, Co, Mn, and Li) was evaluated. Plants were cultivated in a conservatory for 46 days whilst soils were contaminated stepwise with dissolved transition metal species via the irrigation water. Up to 3 wt% of the metals was quantified in the dry matter of different plant tissues (leaf, stem, root) by means of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy after 46 days of exposition time. The lateral distribution was monitored by means of micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, revealing different storage behaviors for low and high metal contamination, as well as varying sequestration mechanisms for the four investigated metals. The proof-of-concept regarding the phytoextraction of metals from LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 cathode particles in the soil was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Worth from Waste: Utilizing a Graphite-Rich Fraction from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries as Alternative Reductant in Nickel Slag Cleaning

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Anna Dańczak ◽  
Ronja Ruismäki ◽  
Tommi Rinne ◽  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Hugh O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Metal Recovery ◽  
Metal Alloy ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Slag Cleaning ◽  
Starting Mixture

One possible way of recovering metals from spent lithium-ion batteries is to integrate the recycling with already existing metallurgical processes. This study continues our effort on integrating froth flotation and nickel-slag cleaning process for metal recovery from spent batteries (SBs), using anodic graphite as the main reductant. The SBs used in this study was a froth fraction from flotation of industrially prepared black mass. The effect of different ratios of Ni-slag to SBs on the time-dependent phase formation and metal behavior was investigated. The possible influence of graphite and sulfur contents in the system on the metal alloy/matte formation was described. The trace element (Co, Cu, Ni, and Mn) concentrations in the slag were analyzed using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) technique. The distribution coefficients of cobalt and nickel between the metallic or sulfidic phase (metal alloy/matte) and the coexisting slag increased with the increasing amount of SBs in the starting mixture. However, with the increasing concentrations of graphite in the starting mixture (from 0.99 wt.% to 3.97 wt.%), the Fe concentration in both metal alloy and matte also increased (from 29 wt.% to 68 wt.% and from 7 wt.% to 49 wt.%, respectively), which may be challenging if further hydrometallurgical treatment is expected. Therefore, the composition of metal alloy/matte must be adjusted depending on the further steps for metal recovery.

The Characteristic Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Powders Synthesized from CaCO3 Refined from Oyster Shell and H3PO4

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
Hye Sung Kim ◽  
Su Chak Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) powders is synthesized using the mixed powders of CaCO3 refined from oyster shells and phosphoric acid (H3PO4-98%, Daejung) as starting materials. The characteristic evaluation and chemical analysis of the synthesized powders is performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES). XRD analysis of synthetic powder by heat treatment at 1300°C for 2hrs shows only HAp peaks corresponding to stoichiometric HAp. It is confirmed by ICP-AES test that impurities such as Zn, In, Ti, Ba, Cd, Pb, and Mn, is not detected at all, but small amounts of Ti and Be is observed (0.099ppm Ti and 0.002ppm Ba). Variation of bone density is measured by giving medication of HAp powder with drinking water into human body continuously for three month. After the medication, the bone density is higher than the medication before. This means that HAp powder made from this process can be used as improver of bone density.

Effects of heat treatment and SOC on fire behaviors of lithium-ion batteries pack

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 2429-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyi Chen ◽  
Ouyang Dongxu ◽  
Shuchao Cao ◽  
Jiahao Liu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion

Fourier Deconvolution of Overlapping Line Pairs in Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric H. Van Veen ◽  
M. Pieter Goudzwaard ◽  
Margaretha T. C. De Loos-Vollebregt ◽  
Leo De Galan
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gaussian Approximation ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Spectral Window ◽  
Inductively Coupled

A deconvolution procedure utilizing Fourier transformation has been developed to reduce line overlap in ICP-AES. Line broadening is caused by physical processes and by instrumental broadening. Convenient deconvolution, however, turns out to be restricted to broadening common to the emission lines in the spectral window, i.e., to instrumental broadening. Deconvolution for the “true” instrumental broadening function and for a Gaussian approximation to this function yields similar results, but the former allows for fast automated data processing with regard to any spectral region and sample composition. A straightforward procedure is reported for the determination of this function independent of wavelength. At the present noise level, a twofold reduction in linewidth can be achieved for emission lines having a small physical width in comparison to the instrumental width. With data acquired from both a high- and a medium-resolution monochromator, results from overlapping line pairs show linear analytical curves and improved detection limits. Due to the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio on deconvolution, the detection limits measured for isolated lines cannot be attained.

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