scholarly journals Analysis of Valorization Process of Aluminum Breakage Scraps to Obtain Green Hydrogen

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Xavier Salueña Berna ◽  
Marc Marín-Genescà ◽  
José María Dagà-Monmany
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Current Price ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In this article, it is proposed to use aluminum breakage scraps to obtain green hydrogen through the aluminum–water reaction with caustic soda as a catalyst with experimental research. From this exothermic reaction, both hydrogen and the heat generated can be used. Due to the low price of aluminum chips, this allows us to produce green hydrogen below the current price that is obtained using renewable energy sources and electrolyzers. We have also developed a process that is sustainable since it is obtained as alumina and caustic soda waste that can be reused. This alumina obtained, once filtered, has high purity which allows us to produce high-quality primary aluminum without the need to use bauxite and the production of red sludge is also reduced. A comparative study-analysis was carried out between two of the forms in which the most common aluminum is presented in industry to analyze which one performs better by studying key factors such as the hydrogen produced, and the waste generated during the process. Finally, the mathematical model has been defined to be able to control the flow based on different key parameters such as temperature, molarity, and geometry. Undoubtedly, the study that we present represents a milestone for the recovery of metallic aluminum waste and may be of great interest to industries that use aluminum in their processes, such as recuperators, as well as the vehicle and aerospace industries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Valorization Process of Aluminum Breakage Scraps to Obtain Green Hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Salueña Berna ◽  
Marc Marín-Genescà ◽  
Josep Maria Daga-Monmany ◽  
Ramon Mujal-Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Current Price ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In this article, it is proposed to use aluminum breakage scraps to obtain Green Hydrogen through the aluminum-water reaction with caustic soda as a catalyst. From this exothermic reaction, both hydrogen and the heat generated can be used. Due to the low price of aluminum chips, this allows us to produce Green hydrogen below the current price that is obtained using renewable energy sources and electrolyzers. On the other hand, we have developed a process that is sustainable since it is obtained as alumina and caustic soda waste that can be reused. This alumina obtained, once filtered, has high purity which allows us to produce high-quality primary aluminum without the need to use bauxite and reducing the production of red sludge. A comparative study-analysis has been carried out of two of the types of forms in which the most common aluminum is presented in the industry to analyze which one performs better by studying key factors such as the hydrogen produced, and the waste generated during the process. Finally, the mathematical model has been defined to be able to control the flow based on different key parameters such as temperature, molarity, and geometry. Undoubtedly, the study that we present represents a milestone for the recovery of metallic aluminum waste and may be of great interest to industries that use aluminum in their processes, such as recuperators, but also the vehicle or aerospace industry.

scholarly journals Key Factors Which Contribute to the Participation of Consumers in Demand Response Programs and Enable the Proliferation of Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8273
Author(s):  
Adrian Tantau ◽  
András Puskás-Tompos ◽  
Costel Stanciu ◽  
Laurentiu Fratila ◽  
Catalin Curmei
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Demand Response Programs

Consumer behaviour in the energy field is playing a more important role in the new approach dominated by the proliferation of renewable energy sources. In this new context, the grid has to balance the intermittent and uncertain renewable energy generated, and find solutions, also, on the consumer side for increasing the stability and reliability of the energy system. The main de-mand response solutions are price and incentive based, but there is a need to identify the main factors which can influence their efficiency due to the fact that there is a lack of knowledge about the preferences of consumers. The main goal of this article is to identify the main demand response solutions and the related key factors which influence the participation of consumers in demand response programs and may contribute to the spread of renewable energy sources. For this research, semi-structured interviews were organised with experts in energy from Romania, Hungary and Serbia, as well as workshops with experts in energy, and an online survey with customers for electricity. This article reduces the gap between the results of technical studies, related in demand response programs, and their practical implementations, where the consumer behaviour and its social dimensions are neglected even though, in reality, they are playing the main role. The results suggest that the consumer’s participation in demand response programs is highly influenced by different aspects related to the promotion of the renewable energy and the reduction of CO2 emissions and the global warming impact.

scholarly journals Bimetallic Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 928-935
Author(s):  
Dan Ren ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Shaik M. Zakeeruddin ◽  
Michael Grätzel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Bimetallic Catalysts ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reduction ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Energy Economy

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, using the electricity generated from renewable energy sources, has the potential of rendering a carbon-neutral energy economy. Developing selective, efficient and robust electrocatalysts is the key step towards establishing this promising technology. While different nanostructures of Cu have been extensively studied for the formation of C1–C3 alcohols and hydrocarbons, Cu-based bimetallic catalysts showed better activity compared to monometallic Cu. In this review, we will first summarize recent advances in designing Cu-X bimetallic catalysts. We categorized the bimetallic catalysts into different groups based on the CO2 reduction activities of the ' X ' metal, including hydrogen-producing metals, formate-producing metals and CO-producing metals. The key factors in determining the selectivity are discussed. Additionally, representative examples of Cu-free bimetallic catalysts, with appreciable selectivity towards hydrocarbons/alcohols, will also be presented. We will conclude this review with challenges and promising research directions.

scholarly journals AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS WITH RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY AND SMART GRID

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
L. M. Chetoshnikova ◽  
N. I. Smolentsev ◽  
S. A. Chetoshnikov ◽  
G. V. Gusarov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Supply Systems

The use of modern devices and technologies in power supply systems will provide consumers with high-quality energy. Especially effective in this direction will be the construction of autonomous systems using renewable energy sources and local smart grids. The coordinated work of all elements of systems and optimal control of energy flows is solved by mathematical modeling methods.

scholarly journals Investments in renewable energy sources in OPEC members

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Romano ◽  
Giuseppe Scandurra
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Dynamic Panel Analysis

In this paper we analyze the key factors promoting the investments in renewable energy sources in a panel dataset of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members. To address these issues, a dynamic panel analysis of renewable investments in the sample of OPEC with distinct economic and social structures, in the years between 1980 and 2009, is proposed. Results confirm that key factors promoting investments in renewable energy sources are similar to other studies which include more developed countries. However, lack of grants and/or incentives to promote the installations of new renewable power plants is a limit for the future and sustainable development of these countries.

scholarly journals Provision of high quality power supply in distribution networks with renewable energy sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (20 (1345)) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Андрій Федорович Жаркін ◽  
Володимир Олександрович Новський ◽  
Вячеслав Володимирович Мартинов ◽  
Андрій Георгійович Пазєєв
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
High Quality

DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION OF TWO-INPUT GENERATING INSTALLATIONS ON BASED OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Б.Х. ГАЙТОВ ◽  
Я.М. КАШИН ◽  
Л.Е. КОПЕЛЕВИЧ ◽  
А.В. САМОРОДОВ ◽  
Ч. ПЭН
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Generator Sets

Обоснована необходимость разработки эффективных генераторов аксиальной конструкции для преобразования кинетической энергии ветра и световой энергии солнца в электрическую энергию высокого качества. Дан сравнительный анализ существующих генераторных установок и разработанных авторами на уровне изобретений. Описаны конструктивные особенности и порядок работы двухвходовых аксиальных генераторных установок, позволяющих преобразовать энергию возобновляемых источников в электрическую энергию высокого качества. The need of the development efficient axial-flow generators to convert the kinetic energy of wind and light energy of the sun into electrical energy of high quality is substantiated. The comparative analysis of the existing generator sets and developed by the authors at the level of inventions is given. The design features and operating procedures of two-input axial generator sets, which allow to transform energy of renewable sources into high quality electric energy, are described.

Renewable Energy Sources

IEE Review ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kenneth Spring
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources
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