scholarly journals Introducing Compressive Residual Stresses into a Stainless-Steel T-Pipe Joint by an Overlay Weld

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Qibao Chu ◽  
Xiaofei Kong ◽  
Wei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Repair Welding ◽  
Pressure Pipes ◽  
Pipe Joint

Microcracks are always present in the deposited metal of nickel-based alloys and austenitic stainless steels, which affects the safety of the pressure pipes. If compressive stress can be introduced into the cracked position by overlay welding, the time required with ordinary gouging repair welding technology will be significantly reduced, which is practical significance for pressure pipes repair welding. In this work, a stainless-steel T-pipe joint was fabricated using manual metal arc welding with an ER316L wire, and an overlay weld was fabricated using tungsten inert gas arc welding with an ERNiCrFe-7A wire. The overlay thickness was about 10 mm. The contour method was employed to measure the residual stress in the T-pipe joint. The results show that compressive residual stress about 50 MPa is formed in the original ER316L weld, which proves that the residual compressive stress can be obtained in the original weld by surfacing 10 mm thick nickel base alloy on the original weld surface.

scholarly journals Measured Biaxial Residual Stress Maps in a Stainless Steel Weld

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell D. Olson ◽  
Michael R. Hill ◽  
Vipul I. Patel ◽  
Ondrej Muránsky ◽  
Thomas Sisneros
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Biaxial Stress ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Stainless Steel Weld

This paper describes a sequence of residual stress measurements made to determine a two-dimensional map of biaxial residual stress in a stainless steel weld. A long stainless steel (316L) plate with an eight-pass groove weld (308L filler) was used. The biaxial stress measurements follow a recently developed approach, comprising a combination of contour method and slitting measurements, with a computation to determine the effects of out-of-plane stress on a thin slice. The measured longitudinal stress is highly tensile in the weld- and heat-affected zone, with a maximum around 450 MPa, and compressive stress toward the transverse edges around −250 MPa. The total transverse stress has a banded profile in the weld with highly tensile stress at the bottom of the plate (y = 0) of 400 MPa, rapidly changing to compressive stress (at y = 5 mm) of −200 MPa, then tensile stress at the weld root (y = 17 mm) and in the weld around 200 MPa, followed by compressive stress at the top of the weld at around −150 MPa. The results of the biaxial map compare well with the results of neutron diffraction measurements and output from a computational weld simulation.

Influence of Laser Parameters on Residual Stress Field of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Induced by Laser Peening: A Finite Element Analysis

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ling ◽  
Weiwei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Peening ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304

The present paper established a non-linear elastic-plastic finite element method to predict the residual compressive stress distribution induced by Laser Peening (LP) in the AISI 304 stainless steel. The two dimensional FEA model considered the dynamic material properties at high strain rate (106/s) and the evaluation of loading conditions. Effects of laser power density, laser spot size, laser pulse duration, multiple LP processes and one/two-sided peening on the compressive stress field in the stainless steel were evaluated for the purpose of optimizing the process. Numerical results have a good agreement with the measurement values by X-ray diffraction method and also show that the magnitude of compressive stress induced by laser peening is greater than the tensile welding residual stress. So, laser peening is an effective method for protecting weldments against stress corrosion crack. The above results provide the basis for studying the mechanism on prevention of stress corrosion cracking in weld joint of type 304 stainless steel by laser peening.

Effect of Hydrogen on the Micro- and Macro-Strain near the Surface of Austenitic Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Takakuwa ◽  
Yuta Mano ◽  
Hitoshi Soyama
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Charging

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of hydrogen on the micro-and macro-strain of austenitic stainless steel using X-ray diffraction. When hydrogen is trapped in lattice sites, it can affect both the micro-and macro-strain. The micro-strain was evaluated through fitting profiles to measured X-ray diffraction profile using a fundamental parameter method. The macro-strain, i.e., the residual stress, was evaluated by a 2D method using a two-dimensional PSPC. The experimental samples were charged with hydrogen by a cathodic charging method. The results revealed that the induced residual stress was equi-biaxial and compressive, and that the micro-strain increased. Both of these varied rapidly with increasing hydrogen charging time. Saturation occurred at a compressive stress of around 130 MPa. On reaching saturation, the hydrogen charging was terminated and desorption of hydrogen began at room temperature. Then, the strains decreased and the compressive stress reverted, ultimately, to a tensile stress of 180 MPa. Martensitic transformation occurred due to hydrogen charging and this had a significant effect on the X-ray diffraction profile.

scholarly journals Остаточные напряжения в несущей ленте AISI 310S на этапе нанесения буферного слоя YSZ при изготовлении ВТСП-2 провода

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
А.В. Иродова ◽  
И.Д. Карпов ◽  
В.С. Круглов ◽  
В.Е. Крылов ◽  
С.В. Шавкин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Rolling Plane ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Stainless Steel Aisi

Using neutron diffraction we determined internal residual stress in the stainless steel AISI 310S carrier tape with a thickness of 100 μm and a width of 4 mm after mechanical polishing and the ABAD deposition of the textured YSZ buffer layer. It is shown that mechanical polishing causes a slight distension of the tape in the rolling plane. After the deposition of the YSZ layer, uniform tensile stress of 70 MPa isotropic in the rolling plane was observed inside the tape. Calculations have shown that it results from relaxation of compressive stress acting on the surface of the tape in a layer several times thicker than the YSZ layer. It is assumed that the surface of the tape is plastically deformed during the YSZ deposition.

Welding Process Development for Spent Nuclear Fuel Canister Repair

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tang ◽  
Stylianos Chatzidakis ◽  
Roger Miller ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Doug Kyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Tensile Residual Stress ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Temperature ◽  
Stress Direction

Abstract The potential for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of welded stainless-steel interim storage containers for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) has been identified as a high priority data gap. This paper presents a fusion welding process that was developed for SNF canister repair. Submerged arc welding (SAW) was developed to weld 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) thick 304L stainless steel plates to simulate the initial welds on SNF canisters. The SAW procedure was qualified following ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code requirements. During SAW, the welding temperature was recorded at various locations by using thermocouples. After SAW, weld microstructures were characterized, joint mechanical properties were tested, and the maximum tensile residual stress direction was identified. After SAW procedure qualification, artificial cracks were excavated perpendicular to the maximum tensile residual stress direction in the SAW heat affected zone. Machine cold-wire gas tungsten arc welding (CW-GTAW) was developed and used for repair welding at cracked locations.

The Mitigation of Weld Residual Stress on 304L Stainless Steel by Post Weld Cool Treatment Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ting Jia ◽  
Jian Ping Zhao ◽  
Jun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Cool Treatment ◽  
Weld Cool

The High Welding Residual Stress is the Main Factors Affecting the Service Life of Welded Structures. Post Weld Cool Treatment (PWCT) is a Novel Method by Introducing Reverse Process Welding Temperature Field to Eliminate the Residual Stress and to Obtain Compressive Stress Layer. the Major Factors Affecting the Effects of Post Weld Cool Treatment (PWCT) is Preheating Temperature, Cooling Time and Cooling Range. in this Paper, a Model to Calculate the Residual Stress was Built Using Finite Element Code ABAQUS, and Different PWCT Processes were Applied on 304L Stainless Steel Specimens. at the same Time, Impact Indentation Method (IIM) was Used to Measure the Residual Stress on the Specimens. the Results Show that the Longitudinal Stress and the Transverse Stress were Reduced Obviously and Compressive Stress was Generated after PWCT in both of the Simulation and the Experiment. the Proposal Preheating Temperature was 400°C and the Cooling Range was 2 Times of Weld Width. Besides, the Cooling Time had Little Effect on the Residual Stress.

Residual Stress Measurements Revealing Weld Bead Start and Stop Effects in Single and Multi-Pass Weld-Runs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Bouchard ◽  
Javier R. Santisteban ◽  
Lyndon Edwards ◽  
Mark Turski ◽  
Jon James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Stress Variations ◽  
Welding Direction

This paper describes transverse residual stress and strain measurements aimed at quantifying end effects in single and multi-pass weld-runs. Two test specimens are examined: a 60 mm long weld bead deposited on the surface of a 180 mm × 120 mm × 17 mm thick stainless steel plate, and a 62° arc-length multi-pass repair weld in a 432 mm outer diameter, 19.6 mm thick stainless steel pipe girth weld. The residual stress measurements were made by employing the relatively new Contour method and by neutron diffraction using ENGIN-X, the engineering spectrometer at the ISIS facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). The measured underlying transverse residual stress levels are observed to be essentially uniform directly beneath the weld bead in the plate specimen and in the heat affected zone beneath the capping passes moving from mid-length towards the stop-end of the pipe repair. However, results from both test components demonstrate the existence of short-range concentrations of transverse residual stress along the welding direction owing to individual weld capping bead start and stop effects. Such short length-scale stress variations must be allowed for when interpreting residual stress measurements from line-scans. The experimental work also demonstrates the importance of knowing the expected stress or strain distribution prior to choosing measurement lines for detailed study. The Contour measurement method and neutron strain scanning are powerful tools for mapping residual stress and strain fields.

scholarly journals Development of Residual Stress Simulation and Experimental Measurement Tools for Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Reynolds ◽  
Arthur A. Brown ◽  
Lauren L. Beghini ◽  
Timothy D. Kostka ◽  
Chris W. San Marchi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Stress Simulation

In forged, welded, and machined components, residual stresses can form during the fabrication process. These residual stresses can significantly alter the fatigue and fracture properties compared to an equivalent component containing no residual stress. When performing lifetime assessment, the residual stress state must be incorporated into the analysis to most accurately reflect the initial condition of the component. The focus of this work is to present the computational and experimental tools that we are developing to predict and measure the residual stresses in stainless steel for use in pressure vessels. The contour method was used to measure the residual stress in stainless steel forgings. These results are compared to the residual stresses predicted using coupled thermo-mechanical simulations that track the evolution of microstructure, strength and residual stress during processing.

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