scholarly journals Resistive Switching Characteristics of ZnO-Based RRAM on Silicon Substrate

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Dahye Kim ◽  
Jiwoong Shin ◽  
Sungjun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Current Waveform ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Switching Characteristics ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Device Operation

In this work, we conducted the following analysis of Ni/ZnO (20 nm)/n-type Si RRAM device with three different compliance currents (CCs). We compared I–V curves, including set, reset voltages, and resistance of LRS, HRS states for each CCs. For an accurate comparison of each case, statistical analysis is presented. In each case, the average value and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of resistance are calculated to analyze the characteristics of the distribution. The best variability is observed at higher CC (5 mA). In addition, we validated the non-volatile properties of the device using the retention data for each of the CCs. Based on this comparison, we proposed the most appropriate CC of the device operation. Also, a pulse was applied to measure the current waveform and demonstrate the regular operation of the device. Finally, the resistance of LRS and HRS states was measured by pulse. We statistically compared the measured pulse data with the DC data.

scholarly journals Missouri Automated Nitrogen Method (MANM) for Fertilizers

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-480
Author(s):  
Charles W Gehrke ◽  
John S Killingley ◽  
Larry L Wall
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract An automated spectrophotometric method, utilizing Technicon AutoAnalyzer modules, has been developed to determine total nitrogen in fertilizers containing only ammoniacal, nitrate , and urea nitrogen. This colorimetric system employs the Berthelot ammoniaphenate- hypochlorite reaction. A homogeneous chromous/titanous reduction system for the automatic reduction of nitrates was interfaced with the digestion unit and color development manifold, resulting in a total nitrogen system for fertilizers with an effective analysis r a t e of 20-25 samples/hr. A new sample retrieval system removes digested samples from the helix. The totally automated system was optimized to obtain t h e highest sensitivity for nitrogen. Data were compared for 458 samples analyzed by the automated method and the comprehensive nitrogen method (CNM), 2.053–2.054. The average difference between the 2 methods (MANM – CNM) was +0.04% nitrogen. The average relative difference was 1.12%. The average value for 140 samples of KNO3 primary standard analyzed by the MANM was 13.84% nitrogen (theoretical content 13.85%). The results of these standards ranged from 13.58 to 14.14% nitrogen and the standard deviation was 0.11%. The relative standard deviation was 0.80%. Of fertilizer samples received for analysis, less than 1% contained insoluble organic nitrogenous material which was unsuitable for analysis by the MANM. These few samples were not included in the statistical evaluation. The MANM is rapid, accurate, and precise and is a convenient and dependable automated method for the determination of total nitrogen in fertilizers containing only ammoniacal, nitrate , and urea nitrogen.

Amino Acid Analysis of Soybean Meal: Interlaboratory Study

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Cavins ◽  
W F Kwolek ◽  
G E Inglett ◽  
J C Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract Amino acid analysis of soybean meal was studied by 5 laboratories. Between- and within-laboratory variations were significant for most amino acids, whereas variations due to hydrolysis procedure and sample mesh size in the under 30 to under 270 mesh range were significant at the 0.05 level for only 2 amino acids. The relative standard deviation was different for each amino acid with cystine, methionine, and ammonia having the highest values. Normalization of results to 95% nitrogen recovery had only a small effect on statistical analysis of the data. Values from special analytical procedures for cystine did not agree, whereas those for tryptophan agreed very well.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Karakteristik Reproduksi Sapi Aceh Betina di Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Mulyadi Purnama Basri ◽  
Agus Nashri Abdullah ◽  
Asril Asril
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Average Value ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Abstrak. penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik reproduksi sapi Aceh betina di Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei kegiatan observasi langsung ke lokasi penelitian yang terdapat peternak pemelihara sapi Aceh. Sebanyak 25 orang peternak yang tersebar dalam 4 desa terpilih di Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues merupakan responden dalam penelitian ini. Penentuan peternak sebagai responden adalah dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling (Singarimbun, 1981), yaitu dengan ketentuan peternak minimal memelihara dua ekor sapi Aceh betina yang sudah pernah beranak dua kali atau lebih.  Empat desa terpilih yaitu: Berhut, Terlis, Reje Pudung dan Soyo. Data-data dikumpulkan menggunakan panduan pertanyaan berupa kuesioner yang telah dipersiapkan sebelumnya. Ada dua sumber data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh, dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif menggunakan tabel tabulasi, dihitung nilai rataan, simpangan baku dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik reproduksi sapi Aceh betina di Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues masih kurang baik. Sapi Aceh betina di Kecamatan Terangun dewasa kelamin pada rataan umur 14,3±1,26 bulan, umur kawin pertama pada 23,9±3,42 bulan, jarak beranak 14,0±2,23 bulan, sapi kawin kembali setelah beranak yaitu 3,1±1,09 bulan, dan penyapihan pedet pada umur 4,5±0,54 bulan.Evaluation Of Aceh Cow Characteristics in Terangun District Of Gayo Lues RegencyAbstract. The objective of study was to evaluate the reproductive vharacteristic of Aceh cow in Terangun Distric of Gayo Lues Regency. The methode used in this study with observation to responden (farmers) using questionnaire. Twentifive farmers were selected from a village in Terangun District. The farmers were sampled using a purposive sampling methode with a criteria having at least two cow whch have been giving birth twice or more. The data were obtained by interestings the responden using a questionnaire prepared in advance. There are two sources of data collected in this study which are derived from primary data and secondary data. Furthermore, the data obtained, carried out descriptive statistical analysis using tabulation tables, calculated the average value, standard deviation and percentage. The results showed that the reproductive characteristics of female Acehnese cattle in Terangun District, Gayo Lues District were still not good. Female Acehnese cattle in Terangun Subdistrict were sexually mature at an average age of 14.3 ± 1.26 months, age at first marriage at 23.9 ± 3.42 months, calving distance 14.0 ± 2.23 months, cow mating again after giving birth ie 3.1 ± 1.09 months, and calf weaning at the age of 4.5 ± 0.54 months. 

scholarly journals Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Quantification of Zearalenone in Baby Food and Animal Feed: Interlaboratory Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1598-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Arranz ◽  
Carsten Mischke ◽  
Joerg Stroka ◽  
Eric Sizoo ◽  
Hans van Egmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Sample Extract ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract An interlaboratory trial for determination of zearalenone (ZON) in baby food and animal feed was conducted. The study involved 39 participants in 16 European Union member states, as well as Turkey, Uruguay, and China, representing a cross-section of industry, and official food control and research institutes. The method is based on immunoaffinity column cleanup followed by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorimetry (HPLC-Fl). The test portion of the sample is extracted with methanolwater (75 + 25, v/v). The sample extract is filtered, diluted, and passed over an immunoaffinity column. ZON is eluted with methanol. The separation and determination of ZON is performed by reversed-phase HPLC-Fl with an excitation wavelength of 274 nm and an emission wavelength of 446 nm. Test portions of the samples were spiked at levels of 20 and 30 g/kg ZON in baby food and at levels of 100 and 150 g/kg ZON in animal feed. Mean recoveries from each participant ranged from 78 to 119 with an average value of 92 for baby food and from 51 to 122 with an average value of 74 for animal feed. Based on results for spiked samples (blind duplicates at 2 levels), as well as naturally contaminated samples (blind duplicates at 3 levels), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) in baby food ranged from 2.8 to 9.0. For animal feed, this value ranged from 5.7 to 9.5. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) in baby food ranged from 8.2 to 13.3, and for animal feed this value ranged from 15.5 to 21.4. The Horwitz ratio (HorRat) in baby food ranged from 0.3 to 0.4, and for animal feed this value ranged from 0.6 to 0.9. The method showed acceptable within-and between-laboratory precision for each matrix, as required by European legislation.

An Automated Procedure for the Determination of Ammonia in Tobacco

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Collins ◽  
W.W. Lawrence ◽  
J.F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Tobacco Sample ◽  
Automated Determination

AbstractA procedure for the automated determination of ammonia in tobacco has been developed. Ammonia is extracted from the ground tobacco sample with water and is determined with a Technicon Auto Analyser system which employs separation of the ammonia through volatilization followed by colourimetry using the phenate-hypochlorite reaction. The procedure has been applied to a variety of tobaccos containing from 0.02 to 0.5 % ammonia with an overall relative standard deviation of 2 %. The accuracy of the procedure as judged by recovery tests and by comparison to a manual distillation method is considered adequate

PENGARUH TERAPI BACK MASSAGE TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT NYERI PADA PENDERITA RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DI DESA RAJADESA KECAMATAN RAJADESA KABUPATEN CIAMIS TAHUN 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daniel Akbar Wibowo ◽  
Dini Nurbaeti Zen ◽  
Yalis Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Back Massage

Disease that is often complained by the public today one of the pain in the bone, which is better known by the community with rheumatism. Rheumatism or rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, progressive, chronic and tendonic inflammatory disease of joints and connective tissue symmetrically. One way of management of rheumatoid arthritis pain is back massage therapy. Back Massage is one of the techniques to give massage action on the back with lotions/balm for 10-15 minutes, the warm sensation leads to vasodilation of blood vessels that will improve blood circulation in the area so that the activity of the cell is increased and will reduce pain, increase comfort, reduce muscle tension and improve physical and psychological relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of Back massage therapy to decrease the pain level of rheumatoid arthritis patients in Rajadesa Village Rajadesa Sub District Ciamis District in 2018. Type of research using Quasi Experiment Design with one group pretest-posttest design. Total sample 48 respondents with total sampling technique. Data collection using experimental method with VDS (Verbal Descriptor Scale) pain rate measurement tool. The result of statistical test by using Linear Regression shows Sig = 0,000 <0,05, t value = 18,935> 2,012. Then Ha is accepted, and the average value before therapy is 3.27 with a standard deviation of 0.818, whereas after therapy is 2.23 with a standard deviation of 0.881, meaning there is the effect of back massage therapy on the decrease of pain level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. So to reduce pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can be given back massage therapy.

How Certain Are the Reported Ionic Conductivities of Thiophosphate-Based Solid Electrolytes? an Interlaboratory Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneyuki Ohno ◽  
Tim Bernges ◽  
Johannes Buchheim ◽  
Marc Duchardt ◽  
Anna-Katharina Hatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Relative Standard

<p>Owing to highly conductive solid ionic conductors, all-solid-state batteries attract significant attention as promising next-generation energy storage devices. A lot of research is invested in the search and optimization of solid electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity. However, a systematic study of an <i>interlaboratory reproducibility</i> of measured ionic conductivities and activation energies is missing, making the comparison of absolute values in literature challenging. In this study, we perform an uncertainty evaluation via a Round Robin approach using different Li-argyrodites exhibiting orders of magnitude different ionic conductivities as reference materials. Identical samples are distributed to different research laboratories and the conductivities and activation barriers are measured by impedance spectroscopy. The results show large ranges of up to 4.5 mScm<sup>-1</sup> in the measured total ionic conductivity (1.3 – 5.8 mScm<sup>-1</sup> for the highest conducting sample, relative standard deviation 35 – 50% across all samples) and up to 128 meV for the activation barriers (198 – 326 meV, relative standard deviation 5 – 15%, across all samples), presenting the necessity of a more rigorous methodology including further collaborations within the community and multiplicate measurements.</p>

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KELILING KELOMPOK (ROUND CLUB) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS LAPORAN PERJALANAN SISWA KELAS V SDN 01 NAGARI BUKIK SIKUMPA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirda Linda
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Class V ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Lecture Method

This research is motivated by the low desire of students in writing travel reports. The lack of students' knowledge of the report concept, the lack of students' knowledge of the 5W + 1H report points of good and correct language, the lack of students' knowledge of the spatial, time and topic pattern and not yet reached KKM 75. The method used by the teacher has not been interesting, lecture method. The purpose of this study is to describe the skills of writing travel reports by using Round Club learning model which is viewed from the aspect of understanding the report concept, the use of 5W +1H report points, the spatial, time, and topic pattern.The population of this study is the students of class V Lessons Year 2017/2018 which amounted to 2 classes with the number 80. The sample of research as much as two classes taken by the sample of propotional.Class V.1 as experimental class and class V.2 as control class. The research instrument used is performance test. Provide an assessment by specifying the subject of the 5W + 1H report, as well as the spatial, time and topic pattern. Data were analyzed by 't' test by first testing normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing.The results showed that the average control class 68 with more than enough qualifications with standard deviation 16.96. 83 experimental class with good qualification and standard deviation of 15.42 and there is a significant influence on the result of writing skill of class V SDN 01 Nagari Bukik SikumpaSubdistrict, Lima Puluh Kota. This is evidenced by the average value of writing skills in the experiment class higher than the average value in the control class. Normality test results indicate that the two sample classes of  Lo  values in the control class -0.2141 are smaller than the normal 0.190 Lt distributed. Homogeneity test results that the variation of this study is homogeneous at a real level of 0.05, because Ftable 2.16 > Fhitung 1.21 and the results of data analysis then obtained = 2.78 > 1.70 t table, so H0 rejected and H1 accepted. It can be concluded that there is Influence. Using  Learning  Model of Student Group Writing  Skills Travel Report of students of class V SDN 01 Nagari Bukik Sikumpa Subdistrict, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota.KeyWords: model pembelajaran round club, menulis laporan perjalanan.

scholarly journals Indirect and Direct Determination of the Casein Content of Milk by Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analysis: Collaborative Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M Lynch ◽  
David M Barbano ◽  
J Richard Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Milk Casein

Abstract The classic method for determination of milk casein is based on precipitation of casein at pH 4.6. Precipitated milk casein is removed by filtration and the nitrogen content of either the precipitate (direct casein method) or filtrate (noncasein nitrogen; NCN) is determined by Kjeldahl analysis. For the indirect casein method, milk total nitrogen (TN; Method 991.20) is also determined and casein is calculated as TN minus NCN. Ten laboratories tested 9 pairs of blind duplicate raw milk materials with a casein range of 2.42- 3.05℅ by both the direct and indirect casein methods. Statistical performance expressed in protein equivalents (nitrogen ⨯ 6.38) with invalid and outlier data removed was as follows: NCN method (wt%), mean = 0.762, sr = 0.010, SR = 0.016, repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) = 1.287℅, reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) = 2.146%; indirect casein method (wt℅), mean = 2.585, repeatability = 0.015, reproducibility = 0.022, RSDr = 0.560℅, RSDR = 0.841; direct casein method (wt℅), mean = 2.575, sr = 0.015, sR = 0.025, RSDr = 0.597℅, RSDR = 0.988℅. Method performance was acceptable and comparable to similar Kjeldahl methods for determining nitrogen content of milk (Methods 991.20, 991.21,991.22, 991.23). The direct casein, indirect casein, and noncasein nitrogen methods have been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document