scholarly journals L-Carnitine Stimulates In Vivo Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Type 1 Diabetic Heart as Demonstrated by Hyperpolarized MRI

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Dragana Savic ◽  
Vicky Ball ◽  
M. Kate Curtis ◽  
Maria da Luz Sousa Fialho ◽  
Kerstin N. Timm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Heart ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hyperpolarized Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The diabetic heart is energetically and metabolically abnormal, with increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation. One factor contributing to the metabolic dysfunction in diabetes may be abnormal handling of acetyl and acyl groups by the mitochondria. L-carnitine is responsible for their transfer across the mitochondrial membrane, therefore, supplementation with L-carnitine may provide a route to improve the metabolic state of the diabetic heart. The primary aim of this study was to use hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on the in vivo metabolism of [1-13C]pyruvate in diabetes. Male Wistar rats were injected with either vehicle or streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) to induce type-1 diabetes. Three weeks of daily i.p. treatment with either saline or L-carnitine (3 g/kg/day) was subsequently undertaken. In vivo cardiac function and metabolism were assessed with CINE and hyperpolarized MRI, respectively. L-carnitine supplementation prevented the progression of hyperglycemia, which was observed in untreated streptozotocin injected animals and led to reductions in plasma triglyceride and ß-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Hyperpolarized MRI revealed that L-carnitine treatment elevated pyruvate dehydrogenase flux by 3-fold in the diabetic animals, potentially through increased buffering of excess acetyl-CoA units in the mitochondria. Improved functional recovery following ischemia was also observed in the L-carnitine treated diabetic animals.

scholarly journals P30 Effects of carnitine supplementation in the type 1 diabetic heart: an in vivo hyperpolarized mrs study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Savic ◽  
Kerstin Timm ◽  
Vicky Ball ◽  
Lisa Heather ◽  
Damian Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Heart ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation

scholarly journals Non-invasive diagnostics in fossils - Magnetic Resonance Imaging of pathological belemnites

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mietchen ◽  
H. Keupp ◽  
B. Manz ◽  
F. Volke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Abstract. For more than a decade, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been routinely employed in clinical diagnostics because it allows non-invasive studies of anatomical structures and physiological processes in vivo and to differentiate between healthy and pathological states, particularly of soft tissue. Here, we demonstrate that MRI can likewise be applied to fossilized biological samples and help in elucidating paleopathological and paleoecological questions: Five anomalous guards of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites are presented along with putative paleopathological diagnoses directly derived from 3D MR images with microscopic resolution. Syn vivo deformities of both the mineralized internal rostrum and the surrounding former soft tissue can be traced back in part to traumatic events of predator-prey-interactions, and partly to parasitism. Besides, evidence is presented that the frequently observed anomalous apical collar might be indicative of an inflammatory disease. These findings highlight the potential of Magnetic Resonance techniques for further paleontological applications.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Noninvasive Evaluation of Diabetic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2461
Author(s):  
José María Mora-Gutiérrez ◽  
María A. Fernández-Seara ◽  
Rebeca Echeverria-Chasco ◽  
Nuria Garcia-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Renal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are currently in vogue, as they provide in vivo information on renal volume, function, metabolism, perfusion, oxygenation, and microstructural alterations, without the need for exogenous contrast media. New imaging biomarkers can be identified using these tools, which represent a major advance in the understanding and study of the different pathologies affecting the kidney. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most important diseases worldwide due to its high prevalence and impact on public health. However, its multifactorial etiology poses a challenge for both basic and clinical research. Therefore, the use of novel renal MRI techniques is an attractive step forward in the comprehension of DKD, both in its pathogenesis and in its detection and surveillance in the clinical practice. This review article outlines the most promising MRI techniques in the study of DKD, with the purpose of stimulating their clinical translation as possible tools for the diagnosis, follow-up, and monitoring of the clinical impacts of new DKD treatments.

scholarly journals In vivo intervertebral disc deformation: intratissue strain patterns within adjacent discs during flexion–extension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Wilson ◽  
Leah Bowen ◽  
Woong Kim ◽  
Luyao Cai ◽  
Stephanie Ellyse Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Architecture ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Adjacent Disc ◽  
Shear Strains ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThe biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a critical indicator of tissue health and pathology. The mechanical responses (displacements, strain) of the IVD to physiologic movement can be spatially complex and depend on tissue architecture, consisting of distinct compositional regions and integrity; however, IVD biomechanics are predominately uncharacterized in vivo. Here, we measured voxel-level displacement and strain patterns in adjacent IVDs in vivo by coupling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with cyclic motion of the cervical spine. Across adjacent disc segments, cervical flexion–extension of 10° resulted in first principal and maximum shear strains approaching 10%. Intratissue spatial analysis of the cervical IVDs, not possible with conventional techniques, revealed elevated maximum shear strains located in the posterior disc (nucleus pulposus) regions. IVD structure, based on relaxometric patterns of T2 and T1ρ images, did not correlate spatially with functional metrics of strain. Our approach enables a comprehensive IVD biomechanical analysis of voxel-level, intratissue strain patterns in adjacent discs in vivo, which are largely independent of MRI relaxometry. The spatial mapping of IVD biomechanics in vivo provides a functional assessment of adjacent IVDs in subjects, and provides foundational biomarkers for elastography, differentiation of disease state, and evaluation of treatment efficacy.

In Vivo MR Studies of Dynamic Changes in the Interosseous Membrane of the Forearm During Rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. NAKAMURA ◽  
Y. YABE ◽  
Y. HORIUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Interosseous Membrane ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Forearm Rotation ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Membranous Part ◽  
The Right

In vivo dynamic changes in the interosseous membrane (IOM) during forearm rotation were studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The right forearms of 20 healthy volunteers were examined in five different rotational positions. Axial slices were obtained at the proximal quarter, the middle and the distal quarter of the forearm. The changes in shape of the IOM during rotation were observed in an axial MR plane. For each image, we measured the interosseous distance and the length of the interosseous membrane. Images of the tendinous and membranous parts of the IOM could be differentiated by thickness. There were minimal dynamic changes in the tendinous part on the MRI while the membranous part showed numerous changes during rotation. The interosseous distance and the length of the interosseous membrane were maximum from a neutral to a slightly supinated position. The tendinous part is considered to be taut during rotation to provide stability between the radius and the ulna, but the membranous part which is soft, thin and elastic, allows smooth rotation.

Imaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Laureno
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

This chapter on “Imaging” examines the relative advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. It compares the modalities to each other and to gross neuropathology. For several decades, neurologists have been able to view cross-sectional images of living patients. Analogous to gross neuropathology, cross-sectional imaging displays the brain as an entire organ but does not demonstrate microscopic tissue or cellular pathology. By allowing practitioners to view sections of brain and spinal cord in vivo, imaging has improved neurologic practice and facilitated clinical research. This chapter deals with imaging topics that are important to the neurologist. The timing of scans, the effects of gravity, and the importance of plane of section are considered. Imaging is compared to gross neuropathology, and MRI is compared to CT.

Measurement of the Human Cochlear Spiral Curvature In Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 1552-1558
Author(s):  
Jen Fang Yu ◽  
Kun Che Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Basal Turn ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Human Inner Ear

This research aims to characterize the geometry of the human cochlear spiral in vivo by measuring curvature and length. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to visualise the human inner ear in vivo. The inner ear was imaged in 12 ears in 7 subjects recruited. Visualisation of the cochlear spiral was enhanced by T2 weighting and further processing of the raw images. The spirals were divided into 3 segments: the basal turn segment, the middle turn segment and the apex turn segment. The length and curvature of each segment were measured. The measured lengths of cochlear spiral are consistent with data in the literature derived from anatomical dissections. Overall, the apex turn segment of the cochlear had the greatest degree of curvature. A detailed description of the cochlear spiral is provided, using measurements of curvature and length. This data will provide a valuable reference in the development of cochlear implantation procedures.

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