scholarly journals Application of Sebum Lipidomics to Biomarkers Discovery in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Stefania Briganti ◽  
Mauro Truglio ◽  
Antonella Angiolillo ◽  
Salvatore Lombardo ◽  
Deborah Leccese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Simultaneous Component Analysis ◽  
Lipid Species

Lipidomics is strategic in the discovery of biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The skin surface lipidome bears the potential to provide biomarker candidates in the detection of pathological processes occurring in distal organs. We investigated the sebum composition to search diagnostic and, possibly, prognostic, biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The observational study included 64 subjects: 20 characterized as “probable AD with documented decline”, 20 as “clinically established PD”, and 24 healthy subjects (HS) of comparable age. The analysis of sebum by GCMS and TLC retrieved the amounts (µg) of 41 free fatty acids (FFAs), 7 fatty alcohols (FOHs), vitamin E, cholesterol, squalene, and total triglycerides (TGs) and wax esters (WEs). Distributions of sebum lipids in NDDs and healthy conditions were investigated with multivariate ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). The deranged sebum composition associated with the PD group showed incretion of most composing lipids compared to HS, whereas only two lipid species (vitamin E and FOH14:0) were discriminant of AD samples and presented lower levels than HS sebum. Thus, sebum lipid biosynthetic pathways are differently affected in PD and AD. The characteristic sebum bio-signatures detected support the value of sebum lipidomics in the biomarkers search in NDDs.

scholarly journals Free Fatty Acids of the Skin Surface and Barrier Zone in Normal and Abnormal Keratinization

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Coon ◽  
Victor R. Wheatley ◽  
Franz Herrmann ◽  
Leona Mandol ◽  
Jean Gowdey
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Barrier Zone

scholarly journals Lipids and the Permeability and Antimicrobial Barriers of the Skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Lipid Film ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

The primary purpose of the epidermis of terrestrial vertebrates is to produce the stratum corneum, which serves as the interface between the organism and the environment. As such, the stratum corneum provides a permeability barrier which both limits water loss through the skin and provides a relatively tough permeability barrier. This provides for a degree of resistance to mechanical trauma and prevents or limits penetration of potentially harmful substances from the environment. The stratum corneum consists of an array of keratinized cells embedded in a lipid matrix. It is this intercellular lipid that determines the permeability of the stratum corneum. The main lipids here are ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids. In addition, the skin surface of mammals, including humans, is coated by a lipid film produced by sebaceous glands in the dermis and secreted through the follicles. Human sebum consists mainly of squalene, wax monoesters, and triglycerides with small proportions of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. As sebum passes through the follicles, some of the triglycerides are hydrolyzed by bacteria to liberate free fatty acids. Likewise, near the skin surface, where water becomes available, some of the ceramides are acted upon by an epithelial ceramidase to liberate sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, and 6-hydroxysphingosine. Some of the free fatty acids, specifically lauric acid and sapienic acid, have been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. Also, the long-chain bases have broad spectrum antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Impact of Growth Hormone Receptor Blockade on Substrate Metabolism during Fasting in Healthy Subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 4524-4532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Moller ◽  
Helene Norrelund ◽  
Niels Jessen ◽  
Allan Flyvbjerg ◽  
Steen B. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Substrate Metabolism ◽  
Gh Receptor ◽  
Basal Period ◽  
Igf I

Context: Experimental studies in GH-deficient patients and in healthy subjects receiving somatostatin-infusion suggest that GH is an important regulator of substrate metabolism during fasting. These models may not adequately reflect the selective effects of GH, and GH receptor (GHR) blockade offers a new model to define the metabolic role of GH. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of GHR blockade on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity during fasting. Design: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 10 healthy young men. Intervention: After 36 h of fasting with saline or pegvisomant (GHR blockade), the subjects were studied during a 4-h basal period and 2.5-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Main Outcome: We measured whole-body and forearm glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, peripheral insulin sensitivity, and acyl and desacyl ghrelin. Results: GHR blockade significantly suppressed circulating free fatty acids (1226 ± 83 vs. 1074 ± 65 μmol/liter; P = 0.03) and ketone bodies (3080 ± 271 vs. 2015 ± 235 μmol/liter; P ≤ 0.01), as well as forearm uptake of free fatty acids (0.341 ± 0.150 vs. 0.004 ± 0.119 μmol/100 ml · min; P < 0.01) and lipid oxidation (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg · min; P = 0.03) in the basal period. By contrast, IGF-I levels in either serum or peripheral tissues were not impacted by GHR blockade, and protein metabolism was also unaffected. Basal glucose levels were elevated by GHR blockade, but insulin sensitivity was similar; this was associated with an increased acyl/desacyl ghrelin ratio. Conclusion: GHR blockade, without changes in circulating or tissue IGF-I levels, selectively suppresses lipid mobilization and oxidation after short-term fasting. This supports the notion that stimulation of lipolysis is a primary and important effect of GH. GH receptor blockade during fasting in healthy subjects suppresses lipid metabolism without a change in insulin sensitivity or protein metabolism.

Rapid analysis and quantification of major neutral lipid species and free fatty acids by HPLC-ELSD from microalgae

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 1550-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentin Donot ◽  
Caroline Strub ◽  
Angélique Fontana ◽  
Nicolas Jouy ◽  
Christelle Delbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Lipid Species

Potentiation of the damaging action of free fatty acids on brain synaptosomes by vitamin E deficiency

1986 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1520-1522
Author(s):  
V. I. Skrypin ◽  
V. I. Brusovanik ◽  
L. M. Dzhaparidze ◽  
A. N. Erin ◽  
A. A. Selishcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E Deficiency ◽  
Brain Synaptosomes

A Novel Enzymatic Assay for the Quantification of Skin Surface Lipids

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ito ◽  
K Kitamura ◽  
K Sato ◽  
H Akamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Enzymatic Assay ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Lipids ◽  
Skin Surface Lipids

The applicability of a novel enzymatic assay for quantifying skin surface lipids was investigated experimentally. The standard curves for the assays of glycerol esters, free fatty acids, and cholesterol and its esters were linear over a wide range of lipid concentrations, which ensures the accuracy of measurements. The assay system also showed good simultaneous reproducibility. There were significant positive correlations ( P < 0.001) between the quantities of glycerol esters, free fatty acids, and cholesterol and its esters sampled from the skin surface of women when measured by the enzymatic assay compared with the gas chromatographic method. The enzymatic assay was applied to studies of the relationships between age, acne and menstrual cycle, and skin surface lipids in women. The quantities of glycerol esters and free fatty acids reached peaks in females in their twenties and thirties. Increased quantities of glycerol esters, free fatty acids, and cholesterol and its esters were observed in women with acne compared with women without acne. Among the women with acne, those in the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle showed increased levels of glycerol esters, free fatty acids, and cholesterol and its esters compared with those in the menstrual phase. The results suggest that the enzymatic method is a satisfactory new technique for the quantification of skin surface lipids.

scholarly journals Increasing Plasma Free Fatty Acids in Healthy Subjects Induces Aortic Distensibility Changes Seen in Obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J. Rider ◽  
Cameron J. Holloway ◽  
Yaso Emmanuel ◽  
Edward Bloch ◽  
Kieran Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Aortic Distensibility ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acids
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