scholarly journals Reducing the Nano-Scale Aggregation of Perylene Diimide Based Acceptor by Conjugating a Bridge with a Large Volume

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Yi Chen ◽  
Xu-Dong Xia ◽  
Jicheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Solar Cell ◽  
Perylene Diimide ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
New Strategy

A novel perylene diimide (PDI) based acceptor P-PDI was synthesized by attaching a phenyl bridge to two octyloxy side chains. With two large volume side chains, the planarity of P-PDI was significantly reduced, leading to weak nano-aggregation of the PDI groups between the different acceptor molecules. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments also revealed that P-PDI was amorphous, and demonstrating the aggregation of P-PDI was successfully suppressed. When blended with PTB7-Th to fabricate a polymer solar cell, a power conversation efficiency (PCE) of 2.21% was achieved, demonstrating that a conjugated bridge with a big volume side chain could significantly reduce the nano-scale aggregation of PDI based acceptor materials, which provides a new strategy to synthesize high efficiency acceptors based on PDI.

A new family of bent-core C2-symmetric liquid crystals

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Hope-Ross ◽  
Paul A. Heiney ◽  
John F. Kadla
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Family ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases

A series of C2-symmetric compounds with different core sizes and varying lengths and numbers of alkoxy side chains were prepared, and the factors influencing their liquid crystalline mesophase behaviour were investigated. The compounds studied were based on benzophenone, dibenzylidene-acetone, and 1,9-diphenyl-nona-1,3,6,8-tetraen-5-one cores with either 1 or 2 linear alkoxy side chains. The side chains were varied in length from C6H13 to C12H25. The liquid crystalline mesophase behaviour of the compounds was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It was found that a number of the molecules were able to self-assemble into smectic and nematic liquid crystalline phases.

Monitoring the chemical heterogeneity of metallocenecatalysed copolymers of ethylene and higher 1-olefins using CRYSTAF and SEC-FTIR

e-Polymers ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven M. Graef ◽  
Robert Brüll ◽  
Harald Pasch ◽  
Udo M. Wahner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Chemical Heterogeneity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallisation Temperature ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Abstract Copolymers of ethylene with 1-decene, 1-tetradecene and 1-octadecene were prepared using the catalyst system racEt[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO and were analysed with regard to chemical heterogeneity using crystallisation analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and size exclusion chromatography coupled to FTIR (SEC-FTIR). The melting and crystallisation temperatures from DSC decrease linearly with increasing amount of comonomer, independently of the nature thereof. The decrease in crystallisation temperature from CRYSTAF of copolymers with higher 1-olefin content indicates a small dependence on the length of the side chain. The chemical heterogeneity of the copolymers as analysed by DSC and CRYSTAF broadens with increasing comonomer concentration.

Synthesis and Mesophase Properties of a Series of Chiral Rod-Like Polysiloxanes

2011 ◽  
Vol 181-182 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Chun Xiu Zhang ◽  
Jia Ling Pu ◽  
Ya Nan Li ◽  
Ming Xia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Grafting Polymerization ◽  
Molar Ratios

Cholesteric liquid crystals elastomers have been extensively studied during the last two decades. They showed Bragg-reflection in visible, Infrared and even UV wavelength Range and a particular circular polarization. Their special helical structure and the adjustment of pitch made them suitable for using as optical thin films. In this study, two kinds of mesogenic monomers undecylenate cholesteryl ester (M1) and p-phenylene di-4-(allyloxyl) benzoate (M2) were synthesized. Then the two monomers were fixed onto poly- (methylsiloxane) backbone by grafting polymerization using Dicyclopentadienylplatinum (II) Chloride as catalyst. A series of side-chain polymers with different monomer densities produced by the reaction of hydropolysiloxane and M1/M2with different molar ratios were obtained. The synthesized polymers were characterized by IR, H1NMR and GPC. The mesophases were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM).

High efficiency all-polymer solar cells realized by the synergistic effect between the polymer side-chain structure and solvent additive

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (13) ◽  
pp. 7077-7085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyu Yuan ◽  
Wanli Ma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Solvent Additive

The number of conjugated side chains on the donor polymer can greatly affect the performance of all-polymer solar cells.

Thermal Behaviors of N-Octadecylated Poly( Ethyleneimine) with Different Grafting Ratios

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 2085-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ping Yin ◽  
Hai Feng Shi ◽  
Li Juan Li ◽  
Xing Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Grafting Ratio ◽  
Grafting Density ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Linear Increment

A series of N-octadecylated polyethyleneimine (PEI18C) comblike polymers with different grafting ratios, through N-alkylation method, have been successfully prepared. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of PEI18C comblike polymers with different grafting ratios has been characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experimental shows that C18 alkyl groups have been successfully grafted onto PEI backbones, and the thermal behavior of PEI18C comblike polymers with different grafting ratios exhibit the linear increment with the grafting ratio of alkyl groups. It can be attributed to the effect of the grafting density of alkyl side groups along PEI backbones. The detailed investigation and discussion is carried out from the viewpoint of side chain crystallization and molecular packing behaviors.

Probe into CO2-Coal Interactions with Differential Scanning Calorimetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1286-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jiang Duan ◽  
Liang Chao Qu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Two Factors

In order to probe CO2-coal interactions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment was carried out in the atmosphere of He and CO2with coals from Huozhou, Changzhi and Jincheng areas in Shanxi Province (classified as high-volatile bituminous coal, low-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite, respectively). It was found that, in a He atmosphere, all the three curves show no enthalpy and are almost reversible, indicating no adsorption occurs. However, in a CO2atmosphere, all the three curves show exothermic peaks and endothermic peaks and are irreversible, indicating, except for physical reactions, chemical reactions may also occur. It was proposed that the C atom of CO2accepted electrons from coal molecular, and formed an electron donor-acceptor complex (i.e., an EDA complex), in other words, chemical reactions occured, hence exothermic peaks occured. The interconnections of the active sites to other groups in coal molecular are weakened due to the formation of EDA complexes, so easily to be broken during heating, hence endothermic peaks occured. The irreversibility of the curves indicate structure change of coal, which may be influenced by two factors: a) during slow cooling, the ordering of side chains, which were expanded in high temperature, leads to a less associated structure; b) in heating process, the breakage of side chains enhances the associations of coal macromolecular, and leads to a more highly associated structure.

Photosensitive polyrotaxanes: New comb-like polymethacrylamides containing 1,3- diphenyl-2-propen-1-one (chalcone) functions and noncovalently bound cyclodextrin in the side-chains

e-Polymers ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Goretzki ◽  
Helmut Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chloride Dihydrate ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Tetrahydrofuran Solution

AbstractThe synthesis and free radical polymerization of a methacrylamide monomer, 5, bearing non-covalently attached cyclodextrins and the chalcone function with a barrier group, is described. The first step of preparation of the monomer was the condensation of 4-(N-methacryloyl-6-aminohexanoylamino)- acetophenone, 1, with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. The resulting 1-(N-methacryloyl-6- aminohexanoyl-4-aminophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propen-1-one, 2, was reduced with tin(II) chloride dihydrate to the corresponding 1-(N-methacryloyl-6-aminohexanoyl- 4-aminophenyl)-3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-propen-1-one, 3. After this, the aminochalcone was condensed with a barrier group, triphenylacetyl chloride, yielding 1-(N-methacryloyl-6-aminohexanoyl-4-aminophenyl)-3-(N’-triphenylacetyl- 4-aminophenyl)-2-propen-1-one, 4. Monomer 4 was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate to the model polymer poly[4-co-methyl methacrylate], 6, and also complexed with dimethylated β-cyclodextrin to the semi-rotaxane (4 / 2,6-Me2-β- CD) 5, which was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate, yielding a polyrotaxane (5-co-methyl methacrylate) 7, containing a cyclodextrin ring in the side-chain. The semi-rotaxane 5 and both copolymers 6 and 7 were characterized spectroscopically and also by means of differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetrical analysis, and - in the case of 5 - by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the UV-induced E/Z-isomerization of both polymers 6 and 7 was examined in tetrahydrofuran solution. A retarding effect of the noncovalently attached cyclodextrin was finally detected.

Ti-Glass Biocomposite Coating Materials and their Crystallization Dynamics

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1211-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Qin Li ◽  
Li Jie Qu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Ming Hui Zhuang ◽  
Shi Qin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Ti6al4v Substrate ◽  
Crystallization Dynamics ◽  
New Phase

Ti-bioglass was sprayed on Ti6Al4V substrate. The crystallization dynamics of Ti-bioglass was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The structure and morphology of the coatings were studied by SEM, TEM and AFM. The results showed that new phase Ca5(PO4)3F formed at 695.2°C when bioglass crystallized. The formation activation energy was 147.76KJ/mol and the crystallization exponent was less than 3 (n<3). It indicated that the crystallization happened on the surface. When 20 wt% bioglass was mixed with Ti powders, the formation activation energy was 324.6KJ/mol and the crystallization exponent was larger than 3 (n>3), which indicated that an integrated crystallization happened. Micro- or nano-scale R-TiO2, A-TiO2 and Na2Ti6O13 crystals precipitated on the surface of the coating after crystallization treatment. These crystals have a function of self-seal on the cracks on the coatings and form a metallurgical interface between the substrate and the coating.

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