scholarly journals Development of a Tetrazolium-Derived Paper-Based Diagnostic Device as an Early, Alternative Bacteria Screening Tool

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Michael Muljadi ◽  
Chao-Min Cheng ◽  
Ching-Ju Shen
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Bacteria Culture

(1) Background: The complexity, amount of time, and the large amount of resource required to perform gold-standard bacteria culture procedures makes it difficult to perform timely pathogenic analyses, especially in areas where such resources are not readily available. A paper-based biochemical analytical tool can potentially tackle problems economically in terms of time and convenience, potentially finding utility in applications where simple and timely detection of bacteria is necessary; (2) Methods: The utility of paper-based MTT-PMS strips was tested using a simple colorimetric analytical methodology; (3) Results: Sufficient evidence was obtained to suggest that the strips can potentially be used as a rapid and convenient early, alternative bacteria screening tool for a variety of applications; (4) Conclusions: The potential of strips for the rapid detection of bacteria compared to standard bacteria culture is a key advantage in certain clinical, agricultural, and environmental applications.

scholarly journals The SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein Binds Sialic Acids and Enables Rapid Detection in a Lateral Flow Point of Care Diagnostic Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2046-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Baker ◽  
Sarah-Jane Richards ◽  
Collette S. Guy ◽  
Thomas R. Congdon ◽  
Muhammad Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Device

scholarly journals Rapid Aminoglycoside NP Test for Rapid Detection of Multiple Aminoglycoside Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Nordmann ◽  
Aurélie Jayol ◽  
Jan Dobias ◽  
Laurent Poirel
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ph Indicator ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Broth Dilution

ABSTRACTThe rapid aminoglycoside NP (Nordmann/Poirel) test was developed to rapidly identify multiple aminoglycoside (AG) resistance inEnterobacteriaceae. It is based on the detection of the glucose metabolism related to enterobacterial growth in the presence of a defined concentration of amikacin plus gentamicin. Formation of acid metabolites was evidenced by a color change (orange to yellow) of the red phenol pH indicator. The rapid aminoglycoside NP test was evaluated by using bacterial colonies of 18 AG-resistant isolates producing 16S rRNA methylases, 20 AG-resistant isolates expressing AG-modifying enzymes (acetyl-, adenyl-, and phosphotransferases), and 10 isolates susceptible to AG. Its sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 97%, respectively, compared to the broth dilution method, which was taken as the gold standard for determining aminoglycoside resistance. The test is inexpensive, rapid (<2 h), and implementable worldwide.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Broadly Reactive TaqMan Assay for Rapid Detection of Hepatitis A Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3359-3363 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jothikumar ◽  
T. L. Cromeans ◽  
M. D. Sobsey ◽  
B. H. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Taqman Assay

ABSTRACT Primers and a TaqMan probe for the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) genome were designed and evaluated. The assay detected 0.5 infectious units of HAV and 40 copies of a synthetic transcript and provides an important screening tool for rapid quantitative HAV detection in clinical or environmental samples.

scholarly journals Effectivity Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Nasopharyngeal Swab Rapid Testing Kits in Pakistan: A Scenario of Inadequate COVID-19 Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Saeed ◽  
Sara Rizwan Uppal ◽  
Zahra Zahid Piracha ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Khan ◽  
Azhar Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
International Health ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
International Health Organizations ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic has urged the need of rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in limited time frame. To cope with current, COVID-19 expanding scenario, accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 should be ensured by both national and international health organizations. Sporadic marketing of SARS-CoV-2 rapid detection kits raises questions regarding quality control and assurance. To aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab based rapid detection kits, in comparison to gold standard USFDA approved triple target real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional study of 1500 suspected COVID-19 patients was conducted. 100 RT-PCR confirmed patients nasopharyngeal swabs were evaluated for RDT. The COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 NSP based RDT analysis showed 78% reactivity. Among RT-PCR confirmed negative subjects, 49.3% showed false positivity. The positive predictive analysis revealed 67.82% values, while the negative predictive vales of were 64.40%. The NSP RDTs showed limited sensitivities and specificities compared to gold standard RT-PCR. Accurate surveillance of COVID-19 is dependent upon authentic and validated SARS-CoV-2 detection nation-wide, which needs to be monitored by higher authorities. This study is critical for designing adequate measures by several COVID-19 strategic organizations to prevent future viral epidemics.

scholarly journals Performance of qualitative and quantitative antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 in early symptomatic patients using saliva

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Yokota ◽  
Takayo Sakurazawa ◽  
Junichi Sugita ◽  
Sumio Iwasaki ◽  
Keiko Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an urgent need for the prevention and containment of disease outbreaks in communities. Although the gold standard is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antigen tests such as immunochromatographic assay (ICA) and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) that can yield results within 30 minutes.MethodsWe evaluated performance of ICA and CLEIA using 34 frozen PCR-positive specimens (17 saliva and 17 nasopharyngeal swab) and 307 PCR-negative samples.ResultsICA detected SARS-CoV-2 in only 14 (41%) samples, with positivity of 24% in saliva and 59% in NPS. Notably, ICA detected SARS-CoV-2 in 5 (83%) of 6 samples collected within 4 days after symptom onset. CLEIA detected SARS-CoV-2 in 31 (91%) samples, with positivity of 82% in saliva and 100% in NPS. CLEIA was negative in 3 samples with low viral load by PCR.ConclusionsThese results suggest that use of ICA should be limited to earlier time after symptom onset and CLEIA is more sensitive and can be used in situations where quick results are required.

Aggregation of cysteamine-capped gold nanoparticles in presence of ATP as an analytical tool for rapid detection of creatine kinase (CK-MM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sunil Pandey ◽  
Yowan Nerthigan ◽  
Nandini Swaminathan ◽  
Hui-Fen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Analytical Tool

Grieg's Sonic Afterimages

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Alexander Rehding
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
The Way

As Neo-Riemannian transformations find their firm place in the analytical tool-kit, their function changes from a heuristic to describe harmonic progressions to a full-fledged analytical methodology. In this phase, the question of meaning looms large. Richard Cohn's (2004) associations between hexatonic poles and the uncanny have done much to pave the way toward a hermeneutics of Neo-Riemannian theory. This analytical vignette focuses on an intriguing SLIDE progression in Grieg's final Lyric Piece, "Efterklang," and offers a contextual analysis in which this harmonic transformation becomes meaningful. While the interpretation offered here remains specific to the piece at hand, the hermeneutic analysis may be used as a model for further such endeavours.

Use of an online questionnaire as a follow-up tool for a cohort of health personnel and patients attending a chemoradiotherapy unit in Mexico.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13518-e13518
Author(s):  
Jorge Humberto Hernandez-Felix ◽  
Mónica Isabel Meneses Medina ◽  
Luis Guillermo Anaya Sánchez ◽  
Ana Karen Valenzuela ◽  
Vanessa Rosas Rosas Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Suspicious Case

e13518 Background: COVID-19 detection in a timely manner in patients (pts) undergoing anticancer treatment is essential. RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV2 is the diagnostic gold standard, however it is a potentially limited resource in our setting. As an alternative, clinicians have developed symptom-based questionnaires as a screening tool for the detection of COVID-19 to optimize resources. The predictive efficacy of these tools in pts with cancer and healthcare personnel (HCP) who treat them has not been evaluated. Our objective was to describe the findings of the follow-up through an online clinical tool in our cohort, and determine its predictive performance compared against the gold standard. Methods: Data was obtained from a follow-up cohort of HCP and pts attending the chemoradiotherapy unit of a tertiary hospital designated as a COVID-19 priority facility in Mexico City . The follow-up period was from June 12 to September 30, 2020, and consisted of a 10-item clinical questionnaire (CQ) on respiratory symptoms and contact with patients diagnosed with COVID-19, collected daily electronically or by telephone . In addition, RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2 was performed every two weeks. The CQ was considered as a positive screening test if in the period between the biweekly RT-PCRs the participants had reported symptoms or contact. Results: We included 130 asymptomatic participants. 44.6% (n = 58) were HCP and 55.3 % (n = 72) were pts. Within a median follow-up of 85 days (IQR 48-103) a total of 8970 CQ were completed, 48.3% (n = 4335) were answered by HCP and 51.6% (n = 4635) by pts. 4.03% (n = 175) of CQ returned positive in HCP and 0.77% (n = 36) in pts. 634 nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were performed, 13.5% (n = 18) of the participants tested positive for SARS-CoV2 infection. When we evaluate within the biweekly period, the CQ for symptoms or contact was found to be a positive screening test in 12% (n = 78). If we applied the standardized definition of COVID-19 suspicious case used at our center, the CQ was found to be positive just in 3.9% (n = 25). The CQ as a general screening tool gave a sensitivity (SN) of 33.3%, specificity (SP) of 88.3%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 7.6% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.8%. Using the standardized definition, CQ gave a SN of 38.8% and a SP of 97.07%, a PPV of 28% and a NPV of 98.1%. Conclusions: Screening based on self-reporting of symptoms and contact through a questionnaire demonstrated low sensivity but high specificity in our cohort. When we applied a standardized definition of COVID-19 suspicious case, the clinical performance improved. RT-PCR testing remains as the gold standard to detect COVID-19 and should be preferred in patients undergoing anticancer treatment. Nevertheless, clinical questionnaires are an accessible tool for follow-up.

O003. Validity and acceptability of the Swahili pGALS screening tool at a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawishe Jacqueline ◽  
Ngugi Anthony ◽  
Migowa Angela
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Paediatric Rheumatologist

Abstract Background A common reason implicated in the severity of presentation and mortality caused by most rheumatic conditions among children is the delay of presentation to a paediatric rheumatologist. Evidence suggests poor practice of paediatric musculoskeletal clinical skills could be a cause for delay and that history suggestive of musculoskeletal disease alone has poor sensitivity in detecting rheumatological conditions. The paediatrics gait, arms, legs and spine (pGALS) musculoskeletal screening tool was therefore developed to encourage early detection of paediatric rheumatological conditions. It has been validated and translated successfully in other countries. Swahili is well understood and spoken in Kenya and other East African countries and for the pGALS to be incorporated in our setting, we needed to translate and asses its validity in Swahili. The objective is todetermine the sensitivity and specificity of the translated Swahili pGALS screening tool in detecting abnormal joints among children aged 5-16 years. To measure the acceptability of the Swahili pGALS screening tool with reference to time taken performing the examination and the discomfort as perceived by the children and their guardians. Methods We conducted a diagnostic utility study. The three English pGALS screening questions were translated into Swahili according to the WHO standard of translation of a tool and the manoeuvres were performed by a ‘copy me’ approach. The ‘copy me’ approach entailed asking the participants to imitate the research assistants as various manoeuvres were done. Children between the ages of 5–16 years seen at the Aga Khan University Accident and emergency department and family medicine clinic who spoke Swahili and had symptoms suggestive of musculoskeletal conditions were enrolled using systematic random sampling. Children who were already on follow up with the Aga Khan paediatric rheumatologist were excluded. Children had the Swahili pGALS and gold standard review (with the paediatric rheumatologist) on the same day. Guardians were asked to answer questions on acceptability with regards to time taken to perform the tool and level of discomfort. Those with possible rheumatological condition as per the gold standard were offered follow up. Results We enrolled one hundred children with a median age of the children was nine years (IQR 7–11). The sensitivity and specificity of the Swahili pGALS screening tool were 76.8% (CI 63.6–87.0%) and 40.0% (CI 23.9–57.9%). The diagnostic accuracy was 62.7% (CI 52.1–72.1%) and the ROC area was 0.58 (CI 0.48–0.68). The median time taken to perform the Swahili pGALS was 5.0 minutes (IQR 3.5-6.0 minutes). Ninety percent of the guardians found the practice of pGALS to have ‘no’ to ‘some’ discomfort. Conclusions This study had a lower sensitivity and specificity than what was seen with similar studies. Although the sensitivity seen was low, it was still within acceptable range for a screening tool and may still be applicable in Kenya and other Swahili speaking countries if used in conjunction with good rheumatological history to refer early the 76% of children picked up by the screening tool. However, the low specificity implies that relatively large number of false positives would still need to be reviewed by a rheumatologist if the tool is adapted for use. The median time taken to perform the tool was also longer than observed in previous studies but the tool was overall deemed acceptable by majority of the guardians/ parents. Keywords pGALS, Kenya, Swahili, Paediatric, Rheumatology

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