scholarly journals In Vitro Activation of Seed-Transmitted Cultivation-Recalcitrant Endophytic Bacteria in Tomato and Host–Endophyte Mutualism

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Pasha Shaik ◽  
Pious Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
Germinating Seeds

This study was aimed at exploring seed transmission of endophytic bacteria in tomato utilizing aseptic in vitro conditions. Cultivation-based studies were undertaken on two tomato cultivars “Arka Vikas” and “Arka Abha” employing surface sterilized seeds, aseptically germinated seeds and in vitro grown seedlings at different stages. Bacillus sp. appeared primarily as seed externally-associated bacteria. Tissue homogenate from extensively surface-sterilized seeds, day-3 germinating seeds, or 10-day in vitro seedlings did not show any cultivable bacteria on two bacteriological media. Indexing of 4-week old healthy seedlings with seed-coat removal following seed germination showed bacterial association in 50–75% seedlings yielding 106–107 cfu g−1 tissues. Four endophytic bacteria appeared common to both cultivars (Kosakonia, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas, Sphingobium spp.) with three additional species in “Arka Abha”. The bacterial strains showed a manifold increase in growth with host-tissue-extract supplementation. Seed inoculations with single-isolates stimulated germination or enhanced the seedling growth coupled with the activation of additional endophytic bacteria. In vitro seedlings upon recurrent medium-indexing over eight weeks showed gradual emergence of endophytic bacteria. The study reveals the seed internal colonization by different bacterial endophytes in a cultivation-recalcitrant form, their activation to cultivable state during seedling growth and transmission to seedlings with mutualistic effects.

The Effect of Curcumin against In Vitro Adhesion of Implant Device-Associated Bacteria on Nanosized Titanium Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Seung Han Oh ◽  
In Young Na ◽  
Kyoung Hee Choi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Main Component

Although titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an implantable biomaterial with its antibacterial activity, infection on TiO2 surfaces remains a problem for medical settings. According to our previous studies, curcumin, the main component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), partially hindered the attachment of Streptococcus mutans to human tooth surfaces. Therefore, it was examined whether several implant device-associated bacteria were able to adhere to nanosized TiO2 surfaces. In addition, the effect of curcumin on the bacterial adhesion was investigated. Bacterial strains were cultured on pure Ti and TiO2 surfaces with various nanotube sizes in the absence or presence of curcumin and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Consequently, most bacteria adhered to Ti and TiO2 surfaces. However, curcumin increased the adhesion of bacteria including S. mutans. The results suggest that bacterial adhesion to implant titanium surfaces can be augmented via curcumin ingestion.

Characterization of the in vitro production of N-acyl homoserine lactones by cultivable bacteria inhabiting the sponge Suberites domuncula

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Jasnizat Bin Saidin ◽  
Mohd Effendy Abd Wahid ◽  
Gaël Le Pennec
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Suberites Domuncula ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
Acyl Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Vitro Production

Sponges together with associated bacteria form complex holobionts governed by various relationships established between the partners. Molecules of communication may participate in the homeostasis of these biological associations. Bacteria produce N-acyl homoserine lactones to communicate. In the present study, we characterized 102 cultivable bacteria isolated from the sponge Suberites domuncula at the genus level and described their production of AHLs during 96 h of culture in a Marine Broth medium. The presence of AHLs was monitored using the Escherichia coli pSB406 reporter strain. Sixty-seven bacteria were AHLs positive. Among them, 46 were related to the Gammaproteobacteria, eight to the Alphaproteobacteria, seven to the Firmicutes and six to the Flavobacteria. The kinetic production of AHLs was determined and compared with a reference bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (pDA224). We established three profiles of AHLs production with no definitive pattern related to an order, a family or a genus of bacteria.

β-Glucuronidase activity in seedlings of the parasitic angiosperm Cusctua pentagona: developmental impact of the β-glucuronidase inhibitor saccharic acid 1,4-lactone

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Schoenbeck ◽  
Gabriel A. Swanson ◽  
Sydney J. Brommer
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Gus Activity ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Parasitic Angiosperm ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Cuscuta Pentagona

Endogenous plant β-glucuronidase (β-GUS) activity was detected in germinating seeds, seedlings, stems, flowers and haustoria of the parasitic angiosperm Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. In vitro characterisation of this activity showed it to have an acidic pH optimum, similar to previously characterised plant activities, and a sensitivity to the β-GUS inhibitor saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (SAL). Application of SAL to seeds immediately after chemical scarification resulted in a significant developmental delay and, frequently, in the total arrest of seedling growth. In contrast, application of SAL subsequent to the emergence of the radicle did not produce a significant effect on the development of the seedling. Thus, the distribution of activity and the developmentally contingent potency of SAL in inhibiting growth suggest a role for β-GUS at an early stage of seed germination or seedling growth. Further, the inability of the inhibitor to prevent subsequent shoot elongation suggests that at least some plant growth processes do not require this activity, or that it is required only at minimal levels and is unaffected by the application of SAL.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Impact on In Vitro Germination and Seedling Growth in Allium cepa L.

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Tymoszuk ◽  
Jacek Wojnarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are ones of the most commonly manufactured nanomaterials worldwide. They can be used as a zinc fertilizer in agriculture to enhance yielding and to control the occurrence of diseases thanks to its broad antifungal and antibacterial action. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of ZnO submicron particles (ZnO SMPs) and ZnO NPs on the process of in vitro seed germination and seedling growth in onion (Allium cepa L. ‘Sochaczewska’), and to indicate the potential use of these compounds in onion production. In the experiment, disinfected seeds were inoculated on the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and poured with ZnO SMP or ZnO NP water suspension, at the concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg∙L−1. During three successive weeks, the germinating seeds were counted. Germination started most often on the second or third day of in vitro culture. The highest share of germination was recorded for seeds treated with 800 mg∙L−1 ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs (52% and 56%, respectively). After the application of ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs at the highest tested concentration (3200 mg∙L−1), the share of germinating seeds was only 19% and 11%, respectively. Interestingly, seedlings obtained from control seeds and seeds treated with ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs did not differ statistically in terms of length, fresh weight, and dry weight of leaves, and roots. Both ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs, in the concentration range from 50 to 1600 mg∙L−1, can be used to stimulate the germination process of onion seeds, without negative effects on the further growth and development of seedlings. There were no differences found between the action of ZnO NPs and ZnO SMPs, which suggested that the most important factor influencing seed germination was in fact the concentration of zinc ions, not the particle size.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from date palm (Phoenix doctylifera L.) against fungal pathogens causing leaf spot of date palm

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Al-Nadabi ◽  
N. S. Al-Buraiki ◽  
A. A. Al-Nabhani ◽  
S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
R. Velazhahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Culture Filtrates

Abstract Background Date palm ((Phoenix doctylifera L.) suffers from several fungal diseases. The endophytic microorganisms present in higher plants generally offer protection to their host plants against invading phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. In the present study, endophytic bacteria associated with date palm leaves were isolated and their in vitro antagonistic potential against fungal pathogens causing leaf spots in date palm was demonstrated. Results Endophytic bacteria were isolated from date palm leaves of 3 different cultivars viz., Nighal, Khalas and Khinaizi and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against leaf spot pathogens of date palm viz., Fusarium solani, Alternaria sp., Nigrospora sp., Thieloviopsis sp., Curvularia subpapendrofii and Tilletiopsis minor using an in vitro dual culture assay. Of the 24 endophytic bacterial strains tested, the endophytes designated B1, B7, B8 and B9 obtained from cv. Nighal showed inhibitory activities (more than 55% mycelial growth inhibition) against F. solani and Alternaria sp. None of the bacterial endophytes inhibited the growth of other fungal pathogens tested. These antagonistic bacterial strains were identified as Pantoea septica on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The hyphae of F. solani and Alternaria sp. exhibited morphological abnormalities such as shrinkage and disintegration when grown in the presence of antagonistic bacterial endophytes. The cell-free culture filtrates of the bacterial endophytes caused inhibition of mycelial growth and induced leakage of electrolytes from the mycelia of F. solani and Alternaria sp. This is the first study that describes inhibition of the date palm pathogens F. solani and Alternaria sp. by P. septica. Conclusion Endophytic Pantoea septica strains isolated from date palm leaves inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani and Alternaria sp. and induced morphological changes in their mycelia. The culture filtrates of these bacterial strains also inhibited the mycelial growth and caused leakage of electrolytes from the mycelia of F. solani and Alternaria sp. These promising bacterial strains can be exploited as biocontrol agents to control F. solani and Alternaria sp.-induced leaf spot diseases of date palm.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Common Antimicrobial Solutions Used for Breast Pocket Irrigation—Part 2: Efficacy Against Biofilm-Associated Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L Jewell ◽  
Nina Bionda ◽  
Alison V Moran ◽  
Elizabeth J Bevels ◽  
Hillary L Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tissue Expander ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Time Kill

Abstract Background Biofilm-associated bacteria have been observed in both breast implant revision and tissue expander-implant exchange surgeries. The utilization of antimicrobial solutions in breast surgery, especially those containing triple antibiotics (TAB) and/or 10% povidone-iodine (PI), may help reduce existing biofilm-associated bacteria, which is particularly important in a mature breast pocket that may contain residual bacteria from a previously colonized implant surface or, theoretically, bacteria that may arrive postoperatively through hematogenous spread. Objectives A series of in vitro assessments was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial utility of TAB and PI, either alone or in combination, against preformed biofilm-associated bacteria. Methods Preformed biofilm-associated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains were exposed to TAB and PI ± TAB for up to 30 minutes in a bacterial time-kill assay. Efficacy of various dilutions of PI and the effects of serum protein on PI efficacy were also investigated. Results TAB was ineffective at the timeframes tested when utilized alone; when utilized in conjunction with PI, significant log reduction of all biofilm-associated bacterial species tested was achieved when treated for at least 5 minutes. PI alone at a concentration of 25% or higher was also effective, although its efficacy was negatively affected by increasing serum protein concentration only for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusions Our data indicate that PI-containing solutions significantly reduce biofilm-associated bacteria, suggesting potential utility for breast pocket irrigation during revision or exchange surgeries. Care should be taken to minimize excessive dilution of PI to maintain efficacy.

scholarly journals Defense Biopriming and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Bacteria and Associated Bacillus Species Contribute to Bacterial Crown Rot Tolerance in Papaya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. S. Rivarez ◽  
E. P. Parac ◽  
S. F. M. Dimasingkil ◽  
P. M. Magdalita
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Papaya Latex

Bacterial crown rot (BCR) is a re-emerging disease of papaya (Carica papaya) in Southeast Asia caused by a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium, known as Erwinia mallotivora. Ultrastructural observations using SEM revealed colonization of bacterial community common in a BCR-tolerant genotype, before onset of tisue regeneration or ‘regrowth’. This observation led to the hypothesis that papaya-associated bacteria might play a role in BCR tolerance. Isolation, characterization and identification using 16S rRNA sequence of bacteria associated with the tolerant ‘regrowth’ genotype resulted to the discovery of two endophytic bacteria, of genera Kosakonia (isolate EBW) and Sphingomonas (isolate EBY). Papaya root-associated Bacillus isolates were also identified to belong to the B. amyloliqufaciens clade (isolate BN, BS) and B. thuringiensis clade (isolate BT). Separate inhibition assays indicated that, papaya latex and autoclaved culture metabolites (ACMs) from isolated bacteria promptly (between 18-30h) and efficiently inhibited (60-65%) E. mallotivora proliferation in vitro. Moreover, when ACMs from BN and EBW were inoculated in surface-sterilized papaya seeds, it variably retarded seed germination (20-60% reduction), depending on plant genotype, but significantly stimulated plant growth and biomass accumulation, at around two-fold increase. Interestingly, ACMs from all isolates, especially EBW, significantly reduced BCR incidence and severity in susceptible genotype at around two-fold. Finally, these results indicated that tolerance of papaya against E. mallotivora infection is probably influenced by host innate properties such as tissue regrowth and pathogen inhibition by plant latex, and acquired properties including pathogen antagonism, growth promotion and defense biopriming through metabolites from beneficial endophytic and root-assocaited bacteria.

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