scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Common Antimicrobial Solutions Used for Breast Pocket Irrigation—Part 2: Efficacy Against Biofilm-Associated Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L Jewell ◽  
Nina Bionda ◽  
Alison V Moran ◽  
Elizabeth J Bevels ◽  
Hillary L Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tissue Expander ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Time Kill

Abstract Background Biofilm-associated bacteria have been observed in both breast implant revision and tissue expander-implant exchange surgeries. The utilization of antimicrobial solutions in breast surgery, especially those containing triple antibiotics (TAB) and/or 10% povidone-iodine (PI), may help reduce existing biofilm-associated bacteria, which is particularly important in a mature breast pocket that may contain residual bacteria from a previously colonized implant surface or, theoretically, bacteria that may arrive postoperatively through hematogenous spread. Objectives A series of in vitro assessments was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial utility of TAB and PI, either alone or in combination, against preformed biofilm-associated bacteria. Methods Preformed biofilm-associated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains were exposed to TAB and PI ± TAB for up to 30 minutes in a bacterial time-kill assay. Efficacy of various dilutions of PI and the effects of serum protein on PI efficacy were also investigated. Results TAB was ineffective at the timeframes tested when utilized alone; when utilized in conjunction with PI, significant log reduction of all biofilm-associated bacterial species tested was achieved when treated for at least 5 minutes. PI alone at a concentration of 25% or higher was also effective, although its efficacy was negatively affected by increasing serum protein concentration only for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusions Our data indicate that PI-containing solutions significantly reduce biofilm-associated bacteria, suggesting potential utility for breast pocket irrigation during revision or exchange surgeries. Care should be taken to minimize excessive dilution of PI to maintain efficacy.

scholarly journals MIC-Based Interspecies Prediction of the Antimicrobial Effects of Ciprofloxacin on Bacteria of Different Susceptibilities in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2848-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Firsov ◽  
Sergey N. Vostrov ◽  
Alexander A. Shevchenko ◽  
Stephen H. Zinner ◽  
Giuseppe Cornaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Multiple predictors of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial effects (AMEs) are not usually examined simultaneously in most studies. To compare the predictive potentials of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-to-MIC ratio (AUC/MIC), the AUC above MIC (AUCeff), and the time above MIC (T eff), the kinetics of killing and regrowth of four bacterial strains exposed to monoexponentially decreasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin were studied in an in vitro dynamic model. The MICs of ciprofloxacin for clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli11775 (I) and 204 (II), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 0.6, 0.013, 0.08, and 0.15 μg/ml, respectively. The simulated values of AUC were designed to provide similar 1,000-fold (S. aureus, E. coli I, and P. aeruginosa) or 2,000-fold (E. coli II) ranges of the AUC/MIC. In each case except for the highest AUC/MIC ratio, the observation periods included complete regrowth in the time-kill curve studies. The AME was expressed by its intensity,I E (the area between the control growth and time-kill and regrowth curves up to the point where the viable counts of regrowing bacteria are close to the maximum values observed without drug). For most AUC ranges the I E-AUC curves were fitted by an E max (maximal effect) model, whereas the effects observed at very high AUCs were greater than those predicted by the model. The AUCs that produced 50% of maximal AME were proportional to the MICs for the strains studied, but maximal AMEs (I E max ) and the extent of sigmoidicity (s) were not related to the MIC. BothT eff and log AUC/MIC correlated well withI E (r 2 = 0.98 in both cases) in a species-independent fashion. UnlikeT eff or log AUC/MIC, a specific relationship between I E and log AUCeff was inherent in each strain. Although each I E and log AUCeff plot was fitted by linear regression (r 2 = 0.97 to 0.99), these plots were not superimposed and therefore are bacterial species dependent. Thus, AUC/MIC and T eff were better predictors of ciprofloxacin’s AME than AUCeff. This study suggests that optimal predictors of the AME produced by a given quinolone (intraquinolone predictors) may be established by examining its AMEs against bacteria of different susceptibilities.T eff was shown previously also to be the best interquinolone predictor, but unlike AUC/MIC, it cannot be used to compare different quinolones. AUC/MIC might be the best predictor of the AME in comparisons of different quinolones.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Michelle Franz Montan ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Eduardo D. Andrade ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii , Porphyromonas gingivalis , or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii – F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum – P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Propionibacterium acnes , Actinomyces naeslundii , and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.

The Effect of Curcumin against In Vitro Adhesion of Implant Device-Associated Bacteria on Nanosized Titanium Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Seung Han Oh ◽  
In Young Na ◽  
Kyoung Hee Choi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Main Component

Although titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an implantable biomaterial with its antibacterial activity, infection on TiO2 surfaces remains a problem for medical settings. According to our previous studies, curcumin, the main component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), partially hindered the attachment of Streptococcus mutans to human tooth surfaces. Therefore, it was examined whether several implant device-associated bacteria were able to adhere to nanosized TiO2 surfaces. In addition, the effect of curcumin on the bacterial adhesion was investigated. Bacterial strains were cultured on pure Ti and TiO2 surfaces with various nanotube sizes in the absence or presence of curcumin and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Consequently, most bacteria adhered to Ti and TiO2 surfaces. However, curcumin increased the adhesion of bacteria including S. mutans. The results suggest that bacterial adhesion to implant titanium surfaces can be augmented via curcumin ingestion.

scholarly journals In Vitro Time-Kill of Common Ocular Pathogens with Besifloxacin Alone and in Combination with Benzalkonium Chloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Joseph Blondeau ◽  
Heleen DeCory
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Aureus Isolate ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Variable Impact

Background: Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% (w/v%) contains benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as a preservative. We evaluated the in vitro time-kill activity of besifloxacin, alone and in combination with BAK, against common bacteria implicated in ophthalmic infections. Methods: The activity of besifloxacin (100 µg/mL), BAK (10, 15, 20, and 100 µg/mL), and combinations of besifloxacin and BAK were evaluated against isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 4), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 2), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2) in time-kill experiments of 180 min duration. With the exception of one S. aureus isolate, all of the staphylococcal isolates were methicillin- and/or ciprofloxacin-resistant; one P. aeruginosa isolate was ciprofloxacin-resistant. The reductions in the viable colony counts (log10 CFU/mL) were plotted against time, and the differences among the time–kill curves were evaluated using an analysis of variance. Areas-under-the-killing-curve (AUKCs) were also computed. Results: Besifloxacin alone demonstrated ≥3-log killing of P. aeruginosa (<5 min) and H. influenzae (<120 min), and approached 3-log kills of S. aureus. BAK alone demonstrated concentration-dependent killing of S. epidermidis, S. aureus and H. influenzae, and at 100 µg/mL produced ≥3-log kills in <5 min against these species. The addition of BAK (10, 15, and 20 µg/mL) to besifloxacin increased the rate of killing compared to besifloxacin alone, with earlier 3-log kills of all species except P. aeruginosa and a variable impact on S. aureus. The greatest reductions in AUKC were observed among H. influenzae (8-fold) and S. epidermidis (≥5-fold). Similar results were found when the isolates were evaluated individually by their resistance phenotype. Conclusions: In addition to confirming the activity of 100 µg/mL BAK as a preservative in the bottle, these data suggest that BAK may help besifloxacin to achieve faster time-kills on-eye in the immediate timeframe post-instillation before extensive dilution against bacterial species implicated in ophthalmic infections, including drug-resistant S. epidermidis. Greater killing activity may help prevent resistance development and/or help treat resistant organisms.

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanoparticles Active against Dual-Species Bacterial Biofilms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4958
Author(s):  
Jessa Marie V. Makabenta ◽  
Jungmi Park ◽  
Cheng-Hsuan Li ◽  
Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ahmed Nabawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Biofilm infections are a global public health threat, necessitating new treatment strategies. Biofilm formation also contributes to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Biofilm-associated chronic infections typically involve colonization by more than one bacterial species. The co-existence of multiple species of bacteria in biofilms exacerbates therapeutic challenges and can render traditional antibiotics ineffective. Polymeric nanoparticles offer alternative antimicrobial approaches to antibiotics, owing to their tunable physico-chemical properties. Here, we report the efficacy of poly(oxanorborneneimide) (PONI)-based antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) against multi-species bacterial biofilms. PNPs showed good dual-species biofilm penetration profiles as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was observed, with reduction in both bacterial viability and overall biofilm mass. Further, PNPs displayed minimal fibroblast toxicity and high antimicrobial activity in an in vitro co-culture model comprising fibroblast cells and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study highlights a potential clinical application of the presented polymeric platform.

scholarly journals Screening commercial teat disinfectants against bacteria isolated from bovine milk using disk diffusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rose Fitzpatrick ◽  
Mary Garvey ◽  
Kieran Jordan ◽  
Jim Flynn ◽  
Bernadette O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Milk Samples

Background and Aim: Teat disinfection is an important tool in reducing the incidence of bovine mastitis. Identifying the potential mastitis-causing bacterial species in milk can be the first step in choosing the correct teat disinfectant product. The objective of this study was to screen commercial teat disinfectants for inhibition against mastitis-associated bacteria isolated from various types of milk samples. Materials and Methods: Twelve commercially available teat disinfectant products were tested, against 12 mastitis-associated bacteria strains isolated from bulk tank milk samples and bacterial strains isolated from clinical (n=2) and subclinical (n=3) quarter foremilk samples using the disk diffusion method. Results: There was a significant variation (7-30 mm) in bacterial inhibition between teat disinfection products, with products containing a lactic acid combination (with chlorhexidine or salicylic acid) resulting in the greatest levels of bacterial inhibition against all tested bacteria (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, combined ingredients in teat disinfection products had greater levels of bacterial inhibition than when the ingredients were used individually. The disk diffusion assay is a suitable screening method to effectively differentiate the bacterial inhibition of different teat disinfectant products.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Amidine Substituted Monocyclic β-Lactams

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zhai ◽  
Lili He ◽  
Yuanbai Liu ◽  
Ko Ko Myo ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Lead Target ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Clinical Interest

Background: Mononcyclic β-lactams are regarded as the most resistant class of β-lactams against a series of β-lactamases though possess limited antibacterial activity. Aztreonam being the first clinically approved monobactam needs broad-spectrum efficacy through structural modification. Objective: We strive to synthesize a number of monocyclic β-lactams by varying the substituents at N1, C3 and C4 positions of azetidinone ring and study the antimicrobial effect on variable bacterial strains. Methods: Seven new monobactam derivatives 23a-g, containing substituted-amidine moieties linked to the azetidinone ring via thiazole linker, were synthesized through multistep synthesis. The final compounds were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activities using broth microdilution method, against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of newly synthesized derivatives were compared with aztreonam, ceftazidime and meropenem, existing clinical antibiotics. Results: All compounds 23a-g showed higher antibacterial activities (MIC 0.25 µg/mL to 64 µg/mL) against tested strains as compared to aztreonam (MIC 16 µg/mL to >64 µg/mL) and ceftazidime (MIC >64 µg/mL). However all compounds, except 23d, exhibited lower antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains as compared to meropenem. Conclusion: Compound 23d showed comparable or improved antibacterial activity (MIC 0.25 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL) to meropenem (MIC 1 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL) in case of seven bacterial species. Therefore, compound 23d may be valuable lead target for further investigations against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals In vitro Insecticidal and Time-Kill Profile of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Marine Streptomyces sp. Isolated from Sundarbans, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anwarul Haque ◽  
Ashish Kumar Sarker ◽  
Mohammad Sayful Islam ◽  
Md Ajijur Rahman ◽  
Md Akter Uzzaman Chouduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Streptomyces ◽  
Time Kill

The marine soil and sediment samples were collected from different locations of mangrove forest Sundarbans, Bangladesh the largest tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. A total of twenty nine Actinomycete strains (AIAH-1 to AIAH-29) were isolated by serial dilution method using isolation media. Among twenty nine strains, AIAH-10 was selected for further study due to its potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacterial strains. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical studies, the strain AIAH-10 was assigned to Streptomyces sp. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro insecticidal and time-kill profile of ethyl acetate extracts of marine Streptomyces sp. A dose dependent mortality was observed against the larvae of Sitophilus oryzae. The larval mortality was recorded as 100% in the concentration of 80 mg/ml and higher concentrations, LC50 was found as 11.48 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration was recorded as 8 to 32 mg/ml against six different pathogenic bacterial strains. Average Log10 reductions in viable cell counts for the extracts ranged from 1.91 Log10 and 2.86 Log10 cfu/mL after 3 h interaction and 2.10 Log10 and 2.93 Log10 after 6 h interaction at MIC, 2 × MIC, 3 × MIC and 4 × MIC concentrations. This investigation reveals that the Streptomyces species isolated from Sundarbans, Bangladesh may be interesting source for the isolation of potent bioactive compounds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22332 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(2): 151-156, 2014

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Bioengineered Honey and Its Synthetic Equivalent as Novel Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm-Targeted Topical Therapies in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionyssia Papadopoulou ◽  
Alicja Dabrowska ◽  
Philip G. Harries ◽  
Jeremy S. Webb ◽  
Raymond N. Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition which affects the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide and has a significant impact on health-care resources. While Staphylococcus aureus bacterial biofilms play an important role in this disease, antimicrobial therapy is rarely effective and may promote antibiotic resistance. Thus, development of novel biofilm-targeting and antibiotic-sparing therapies is highly desirable and urgently required. Objective This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a novel synthetic honey-equivalent product which was designed to have the same reactive oxygen release profile as the engineered honey SurgihoneyRO™. Methods Treatment efficacy was investigated by assessment of planktonic growth, biofilm viability, thickness, and biomass using 12 CRS-related S. aureus mucosal bacterial strains. Results Both SurgihoneyRO™ and the synthetic honey-equivalent product inhibited growth of planktonic methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains, with the synthetic honey-equivalent product exhibiting a lower minimum inhibitory concentration. Treatment of established S. aureus biofilms reduced biofilm viability with 24-hour treatment resulting in a 2-log reduction in viability of biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant strains and a 1-log reduction in biofilms formed by methicillin-sensitive strains. Conclusions This preliminary study shows that the synthetic honey-equivalent product provides marked antimicrobial activity against S. aureus biofilms, with the potential for development in the clinical setting as an adjunctive biofilm-targeted therapy in CRS. The ultimate aim of such a product would be to reduce the need for antibiotics, steroids, and invasive surgical procedures in CRS patients as well as improving clinical outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery.

scholarly journals In VitroAntibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chlorogenic Acid against Clinical Isolates ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliaincluding the Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Resistant Strain

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunkumar Karunanidhi ◽  
Renjan Thomas ◽  
Alex van Belkum ◽  
Vasanthakumari Neela
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Time Kill

Thein vitroantibacterial and antibiofilm activity of chlorogenic acid against clinical isolates ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliawas investigated through disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time-kill and biofilm assays. A total of 9 clinicalS. maltophiliaisolates including one isolate resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) were tested. The inhibition zone sizes for the isolates ranged from 17 to 29 mm, while the MIC and MBC values ranged from 8 to 16 μg mL−1and 16 to 32 μg mL−1. Chlorogenic acid appeared to be strongly bactericidal at 4x MIC, with a 2-log reduction in viable bacteria at 10 h.In vitroantibiofilm testing showed a 4-fold reduction in biofilm viability at 4x MIC compared to 1x MIC values (0.085<0.397A 490 nm) of chlorogenic acid. The data from this study support the notion that the chlorogenic acid has promisingin vitroantibacterial and antibiofilm activities againstS. maltophilia.

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