scholarly journals Effects on Gene Transcription Profile and Fatty Acid Composition by Genetic Modification of Mevalonate Diphosphate Decarboxylase MVD/Erg19 in Aspergillus Oryzae

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Huang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Niu ◽  
Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcription Profile ◽  
Control Strain ◽  
Overexpression Strain ◽  
Mevalonate Diphosphate Decarboxylase ◽  
Gene Transcription Profile

Mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase MVD/Erg19 is required for ergosterol biosynthesis, growth, sporulation, and stress tolerance in Aspergillus oryzae. In this study, RNA-seq was used to analyze the gene transcription profile in AoErg19 overexpression (OE) and RNAi strains. There were 256 and 74 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AoErg19 OE and RNAi strains, respectively, compared with the control strain (CK). The most common DEGs were transport- and metabolism-related genes. Only 22 DEGs were obtained that were regulated in both OE and RNAi strains. The transcriptomic comparison between CK and AoErg19 overexpression strain (CK vs. OE), and between CK and AoErg19 RNAi strain (CK vs. RNAi) revealed that the greatest difference existed in the number of genes belonging to the cytochrome P450 family; 12 were found in CK vs. OE, whereas 1 was found in CK vs. RNAi. The expression patterns of lipid biosynthesis and metabolism related genes were altered in OE and RNAi strains, either by gene induction or suppression. Moreover, the total fatty acid content in the RNAi strain was 12.1% greater than the control strain, but no difference in total acid content was found between the overexpression strain and the control strain. Therefore, this study highlights the gene expression regulation within mevalonate (MVA), ergosterol biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways.

scholarly journals Phenotypic transitions enacted by simulated microgravity do not alter coherence in gene transcription profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Po ◽  
Alessandro Giuliani ◽  
Maria Grazia Masiello ◽  
Alessandra Cucina ◽  
Angela Catizone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Transcription Profile ◽  
Random Positioning Machine ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Internal Gene ◽  
Gene Transcription Profile ◽  
Space Cell

AbstractCells in simulated microgravity undergo a reversible morphology switch, causing the appearance of two distinct phenotypes. Despite the dramatic splitting into an adherent-fusiform and a floating-spherical population, when looking at the gene-expression phase space, cell transition ends up in a largely invariant gene transcription profile characterized by only mild modifications in the respective Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Functional changes among the different phenotypes emerging in simulated microgravity using random positioning machine are adaptive modifications—as cells promptly recover their native phenotype when placed again into normal gravity—and do not alter the internal gene coherence. However, biophysical constraints are required to drive phenotypic commitment in an appropriate way, compatible with physiological requirements, given that absence of gravity foster cells to oscillate between different attractor states, thus preventing them to acquire a exclusive phenotype. This is a proof-of-concept of the adaptive properties of gene-expression networks supporting very different phenotypes by coordinated ‘profile preserving’ modifications.

scholarly journals BIOFILM – ORGANISATION OF BACTERIA LIFE IN NATURAL ECO SYSTEMS

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
Ružica Ašanin ◽  
Branka Vidić ◽  
Dejan Krnjajić ◽  
Jelena Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Transcription Profile ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Gene Transcription Profile ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Chronic Course

In all natural ecosystems, including both humans and animals, bacteria show a tendency to bind on the surface and form a structure known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is a genetically regulated process in the life of bacteria and has several phases demanding intercellular communication. In biofilms bacteria express different characteristics comparing to their free suspended counterparts, due to different gene transcription profile and increased resistance towards antibiotics and disinfectants. Discovery of microbial biofilms has changed our understanding of bacteria, that are not viewed only as unicellular organisms, but more as a multi-cellular community that in some characteristics imitates primitive eukaryotic tissue. In the last decades there is an increasing evidence on infections caused by bacteria that form biofilms, and have a chronic course with possibility of recidives. Conventional methods of killing microbes by antibiotics and biocides is usually ineffective in bacteria organized in biofilms.

scholarly journals Identification of Six Thiolases and their Effects on Fatty Acid and Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Yali Niu ◽  
Qi Jin ◽  
Kunhai Qin ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Growth Stages

AbstractThiolase plays important roles in lipid metabolism. It can be divided into degradative thiolases (Thioase I) and biosynthetic thiolases (thiolases II), which are involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and acetoacetyl-CoA biosynthesis, respectively. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) genome harbors only one gene each for thioase I and thiolase II, namely, Pot1 and Erg10, respectively. In this study, six thiolases (named AoErg10A−AoErg10F) were identified in Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) genome using bioinformatics analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription–PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that the expression of these six thiolases varied at different growth stages and under different forms of abiotic stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that AoErg10A was located in the cytoplasm, AoErg10B and AoErg10C in the mitochondria, and AoErg10D-AoErg10F in the peroxisome. Yeast heterologous complementation assays revealed that AoErg10A, AoErg10D, AoErg10E, AoErg10F and cytoplasmic AoErg10B (AoErg10BΔMTS) recovered the phenotypes of S. cerevisiae erg10 weak and lethal mutants, and that only AoErg10D-F recovered the phenotype of the pot1 mutant that cannot use oleic acid as the carbon source. Overexpression of AoErg10s either affected the growth speed or sporulation of the transgenic strains. In addition, the fatty acid and ergosterol content changed in all the AoErg10-overexpressing strains. This study revealed the function of six thiolases in A. oryzae and their effect on growth, and fatty acid and ergosterol biosynthesis, which may lay the foundation for genetic engineering for lipid metabolism in A. oryzae or other fungi.ImportanceThiolase including thioase I and thiolase II, plays important roles in lipid metabolism. A. oryzae, one of the most industrially important filamentous fungi, has been widely used for manufacturing oriental fermented food such as sauce, miso, and sake for a long time. Besides, A. oryzae has a high capability in production of high lipid content and has been used for lipid production. Thus, it is very important to investiagte the function of thiolases in A. oryzae. In this study, six thiolase (named AoErg10A-AoErg10F) were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Unlike other reported thiolases in fungi, three of the six thiolases showed dual function of thioase I and thiolase II in S. cerevisiae, indicating the lipid metabolism is more complex in A. oryzae. The reveal of founction of these thiolases in A. oryzae can lay the foundation for genetic engineering for lipid metabolism in A. oryzae or other fungi.

Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
C. S. Bricker ◽  
S. R. Barnum ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
J. G. Jaworskl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

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