scholarly journals Entamoeba histolytica—Gut Microbiota Interaction: More Than Meets the Eye

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Serge Ankri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Histolytica Infection ◽  
Extraintestinal Complications

Amebiasis is a disease caused by the unicellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica. In most cases, the infection is asymptomatic but when symptomatic, the infection can cause dysentery and invasive extraintestinal complications. In the gut, E. histolytica feeds on bacteria. Increasing evidences support the role of the gut microbiota in the development of the disease. In this review we will discuss the consequences of E. histolytica infection on the gut microbiota. We will also discuss new evidences about the role of gut microbiota in regulating the resistance of the parasite to oxidative stress and its virulence.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury associated with robust inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenhai Gong ◽  
Yinglin Feng ◽  
Yunong Zeng ◽  
Huanrui Zhang ◽  
Meiping Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Gut microbiota has been reported to be disrupted by cisplatin, as well as to modulate chemotherapy toxicity. However, the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cisplatin hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Methods We compared the composition and function of gut microbiota between mice treated with and without cisplatin using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and via metabolomic analysis. For understanding the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and cisplatin hepatotoxicity, antibiotics were administered to deplete gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed before cisplatin treatment. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis showed that cisplatin administration caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota ablation by antibiotic exposure protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Interestingly, mice treated with antibiotics dampened the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation, resulting in decreased levels of both inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. FMT also confirmed the role of microbiota in individual susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates cisplatin hepatotoxicity through enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This knowledge may help develop novel therapeutic approaches that involve targeting the composition and metabolites of microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease, Depression, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luca ◽  
Maurizio Di Mauro ◽  
Marco Di Mauro ◽  
Antonina Luca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Implications

Gut microbiota consists of over 100 trillion microorganisms including at least 1000 different species of bacteria and is crucially involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes occurring in the host. An imbalanced gastrointestinal ecosystem (dysbiosis) seems to be a contributor to the development and maintenance of several diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, the three disorders are frequently associated as demonstrated by the high comorbidity rates. In this review, we introduce gut microbiota and its role in both normal and pathological processes; then, we discuss the importance of the gut-brain axis as well as the role of oxidative stress and inflammation as mediators of the pathological processes in which dysbiosis is involved. Specific sections pertain the role of the altered gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The therapeutic implications of microbiota manipulation are briefly discussed. Finally, a conclusion comments on the possible role of dysbiosis as a common pathogenetic contributor (via oxidative stress and inflammation) shared by the three disorders.

scholarly journals The 29-Kilodalton Thiol-Dependent Peroxidase of Entamoeba histolytica Is a Factor Involved in Pathogenesis and Survival of the Parasite during Oxidative Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhik Sen ◽  
Nabendu Sekhar Chatterjee ◽  
M. Ali Akbar ◽  
Nilay Nandi ◽  
Pradeep Das
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Antisense Rna ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tissue Invasion ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Parasite Survival

ABSTRACT The 29-kDa surface antigen (thiol-dependent peroxidase; Eh29) of Entamoeba histolytica exhibits peroxidative and protective antioxidant activities. During tissue invasion, the trophozoites are exposed to oxidative stress and need to deal with highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this investigation, attempts have been made to understand the role of the 29-kDa peroxidase gene in parasite survival and pathogenesis. Inhibition of eh29 gene expression by antisense RNA technology has shown approximately 55% inhibition in eh29 expression, maximum ROS accumulation, and significantly lower viability in 29-kDa downregulated trophozoites during oxidative stress. The cytopathic and cytotoxic activities were also found to decrease effectively in the 29-kDa downregulated trophozoites. Size of liver abscesses was substantially lower in hamsters inoculated with 29-kDa downregulated trophozoites compared to the normal HM1:IMSS. These findings clearly suggest that the 29-kDa protein of E. histolytica has a role in both survival of trophozoites in the presence of ROS and pathogenesis of amoebiasis.

scholarly journals Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway as a novel link between gut microbiota and schizophrenia: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-905
Author(s):  
Yaping Wang ◽  
Xiuxia Yuan ◽  
Yulin Kang ◽  
Xueqin Song
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tryptophan Catabolism ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Gut microbiota and its metabolite tryptophan play an important role in regulating neurotransmission, immune homeostasis and oxidative stress which are critical for brain development. The kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan catabolism. Kynurenine metabolites regulate many biological processes including host-microbiome communication, immunity and oxidative stress, as well as neuronal excitability. The accumulation of metabolites produced by kynurenine pathway in brain results in the activation of the immune system (increase in the levels of inflammatory factors) and oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species, ROS), which are associated with mental disorders, for example schizophrenia. Thus, it was hypothesized that perturbations in kynurenine pathway could cause activation of immunity, and that oxidative stress may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. The present work is a review of the latest studies on the possible role of kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia, and mechanism(s) involved.

ROLE OF Rosmarinus officinalis PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN TREATMENT OF Entamoeba histolytica INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Adwa Fezaa Jassim ◽  
Yaseen Majid Salman AL-Adilee ◽  
Aseel Ahmed Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Histolytica Infection

scholarly journals Proteomic Identification of Oxidized Proteins in Entamoeba histolytica by Resin-Assisted Capture: Insights into the Role of Arginase in Resistance to Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0004340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Shahi ◽  
Meirav Trebicz-Geffen ◽  
Shruti Nagaraja ◽  
Sharon Alterzon-Baumel ◽  
Rivka Hertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Oxidized Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Identification

Role of Gut Microbiota in Combating Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bomba Dam ◽  
Arijit Misra ◽  
Sohini Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota

Role of the Phytochemical Compounds like Modulators in Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2642-2656
Author(s):  
Yordan Martínez ◽  
Dairon Más ◽  
Cesar Betancur ◽  
Kefyalew Gebeyew ◽  
Tolulope Adebowale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Intestinal Membrane ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Background: Currently, daily consumption of green herb functional food or medicinal herbs has increased as adopted by many people worldwide as a way of life or even as an alternative to the use of synthetic medicines. Phytochemicals, which are a series of compounds of relatively complex structures and restricted distribution in plants, usually perform the defensive functions for plants against insects, bacteria, fungi or other pathogenic factors. A series of studies have found their effectiveness in the treatment or prevention of systemic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, Crohn's disease and so on. Objective: This review systematizes the literature on the mechanisms of the phytochemicals that react against unique free radicals and prevent the oxidative stress and also summarizes their role in gut microbiota inhibiting bacterial translocation and damage to the intestinal barrier and improving the intestinal membrane condition. Conclusion: The gut microbiota modulation and antioxidant activities of the phytochemicals shall be emphasized on the research of the active principles of the phytochemicals.

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