ABO Blood Groups Do Not Predict Schistosoma mansoni Infection Profiles in Highly Endemic Villages of Uganda

Schistosoma mansoni is a parasite which causes significant public-health issues, with over 240 million people infected globally. In Uganda alone, approximately 11.6 million people are affected. Despite over a decade of mass drug administration in this country, hyper-endemic hotspots persist, and individuals who are repeatedly heavily and rapidly reinfected are observed. Human blood-type antigens are known to play a role in the risk of infection for a variety of diseases, due to cross-reactivity between host antibodies and pathogenic antigens. There have been conflicting results on the effect of blood type on schistosomiasis infection and pathology. Moreover, the effect of blood type as a potential intrinsic host factor on S. mansoni prevalence, intensity, clearance, and reinfection dynamics and on co-infection risk remains unknown. Therefore, the epidemiological link between host blood type and S. mansoni infection dynamics was assessed in three hyper-endemic communities in Uganda. Longitudinal data incorporating repeated pretreatment S. mansoni infection intensities and clearance rates were used to analyse associations between blood groups in school-aged children. Soil-transmitted helminth coinfection status and biometric parameters were incorporated in a generalised linear mixed regression model including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), which have previously been established as significant factors influencing the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis. The analysis revealed no associations between blood type and S. mansoni prevalence, infection intensity, clearance, reinfection, or coinfection. Variations in infection profiles were significantly different between the villages, and egg burden significantly decreased with age. While blood type has proven to be a predictor of several diseases, the data collected in this study indicate that it does not play a significant role in S. mansoni infection burdens in these high-endemicity communities.

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Do intestinal parasites interfere with the seroepidemiologic surveillance of Schistosoma mansoni infection?

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026880005264x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 323-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

B. Alarcón De Noya ◽

C. Colmenares ◽

S. Losada ◽

Z. Fermin ◽

G. Masroua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

False Positive ◽

Total Population ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Field Work ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Cross Reaction ◽

Protein Fractions ◽

Egg Antigen ◽

Immunoenzymatic Assay

SUMMARYIn view of the known cross-reactivity of sera from patients with intestinal parasites to some Schistosoma mansoni antigens, field work was conducted in an area of Venezuela non-endemic for schistosomiasis using the routine immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) with soluble egg antigen (SEA). False positive reactions represented 15·3% of the total population as determined by SEA–ELISA. SEA-immunoblotting of the false positive sera indicated that protein fractions of 91 and 80 kDa appear to be responsible for cross-reactivity. Sera from hookworm infected individuals produced a higher frequency and intensity of cross-reaction than other sera. SEA-fractions of 105, 54, 46, 42, 32, 25 and 15 kDa were the most specific.

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Immunocytochemical demonstration of a SALMFamide-like neuropeptide in the nervous system of adult and larval stages of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000063903 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 143-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. J. A. Brownlee ◽

I. Fairweather ◽

C. F. Johnston ◽

M. C. Thorndyke ◽

P. J. Skuce

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽

Male Worm ◽

Male And Female ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Confocal Scanning ◽

Confocal Scanning Laser ◽

Nerve Cords

SUMMARYThe localization and distribution of SALMFamide immunoreactivity (IR), SI(GFNSALMFamide), in the nervous system of both the adult and larval stages of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni has been determined by an indirect immunofluorescent technique in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Immunostaining was widespread in the nervous system of adult male and female S. mansoni. In the central nervous system (CNS), IR was evident in nerve cells and fibres in the anterior ganglia, cerebral commissure and dorsal and ventral nerve cords. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), IR was apparent in nerve plexuses associated with the subtegmental musculature, oral and ventral suckers, the lining of the gynaecophoric canal, and in fine nerve fibres innervating the dorsal tubercles of the male worm. In the reproductive system of male and female worms, Sl-IR was only observed around the ootype/Mehlis' gland complex in the female. Immunostaining was also evident in the nervous system of both miracidium and cercarial larval stages. A post-embedding, IgG-conjugated colloidal gold immunostaining technique was employed to examine the subcellular distribution of SALMFamide-IR in the CNS of S. mansoni. Gold labelling of peptide was localized over dense-cored vesicles within nerve cell bodies and fibres constituting the neuropile of the anterior ganglia, cerebral commissure and nerve cords of the CNS. Antigen pre-absorption studies indicated that the results obtained do suggest S1-like immunostaining and not cross-reactivity with other peptides, in particular FMRFamide.

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Prevalence of Blood Groups in Eastern UP Population

10.20944/preprints202002.0454.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pradeep Kumar ◽

Vandana Rai

Keyword(s):

Small Sample Size ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Allelic Frequency ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Small Sample ◽

Blood Type ◽

Allele Frequency Distribution ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Male And Female ◽

Different Types

Approximately 300 different types of blood groups are identified so far, the ABO and Rh antigens are still the clinically most significant and genetically most polymorphic of all human blood group systems to date. A total of 200 unrelated individuals from Uttar Pradesh were studied for the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups. In total 200 samples analyzed, phenotype B blood type has the highest frequency 36.5% (n=73), followed by O (34.5%; n=69), A (20.5%; n=41) and AB (8.5%; n=17). The O, A and B frequencies were 0.5849, 0.1571 and 0.2580 respectively. The overall phenotypic frequencies of ABO blood groups were B>O>A>AB. The variation in phenotypic frequencies between male and female might be due to small sample size of male sample. The allelic frequency of Rh-negative was 0.2.

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Prevalence of ABO blood groups in patients with haematological malignancies: a retrospective study

Hematology & Transfusion International Journal ◽

10.15406/htij.2020.08.00215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Ashwin Mathew ◽

Kirana Pailoor, ◽

Konchady Deepthi ◽

Suresh Shenoy

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Blood Group ◽

Haematological Malignancy ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Haematological Malignancies ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

College Hospital ◽

And Gender

Background: The pattern and distribution of Haematological malignancies vary depending on age, sex and geographical location. Studies on the association between Haematological cancers and ABO blood types have been largely conflicting. The objective of our study was to determine the distribution of ABO blood groups among patients with Haematological malignancies and to correlate with age and gender. Materials and Methods: This was a chart based observational descriptive study involving the review of records of 85 patients with various Haematological malignancies in Father Muller Medical College Hospital for a period of two years from July 2017- June 2019. Age, gender, malignant condition, ABO and Rh blood group were collected for each case. Data was analyzed statistically by frequency and percentage. Results: The peak age incidence for various Haematological malignancies was in the fifth and sixth decades of life with a mean age of 47.The male to female sex ratio was almost 1:1. Majority of the patients were of the O blood group and an association of O blood group with various hematological malignancies with male preponderance was noted. Altogether, Leukemias were the most common Haematological malignancy observed in this study. Conclusion: The distribution, age and sex ratio of Haematological malignancies in our study was comparable to those reported by other authors with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) being the most common Haematological malignancy in our environment. There was no significant association between Haematological cancers and ABO blood type of the patients, but probably individuals with O Rh positive blood group are more prone to

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Resource fluctuations inhibit the reproduction and virulence of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni in its snail intermediate host

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2019.2446 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 287 (1919) ◽

pp. 20192446

Author(s):

David J. Civitello ◽

Lucy H. Baker ◽

Selvaganesh Maduraiveeran ◽

Rachel B. Hartman

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Intermediate Host ◽

Population Level ◽

Host Population ◽

Environmental Drivers ◽

Bioenergetic Model ◽

Snail Intermediate Host ◽

Human Parasite ◽

Infection Dynamics ◽

Periodic Starvation

Resource availability can powerfully influence host–parasite interactions. However, we currently lack a mechanistic framework to predict how resource fluctuations alter individual infection dynamics. We address this gap with experiments manipulating resource supply and starvation for a human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni , and its snail intermediate host to test a hypothesis derived from mechanistic energy budget theory: resource fluctuations should reduce schistosome reproduction and virulence by inhibiting parasite ingestion of host biomass. Low resource supply caused hosts to remain small, reproduce less and produce fewer human-infectious cercariae. Periodic starvation also inhibited cercarial production and prevented infection-induced castration. The periodic starvation experiment also revealed substantial differences in fit between two bioenergetic model variants, which differ in their representation of host starvation. Simulations using the best-fit parameters of the winning model suggest that schistosome performance substantially declines with resource fluctuations with periods greater than 7 days. These experiments strengthen mechanistic theory, which can be readily scaled up to the population level to understand key feedbacks between resources, host population dynamics, parasitism and control interventions. Integrating resources with other environmental drivers of disease in an explicit bioenergetic framework could ultimately yield mechanistic predictions for many disease systems.

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A cross-sectional study of periportal fibrosis and Schistosoma mansoni infection among school-aged children in a hard-to-reach area of Madagascar

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 315-322

Author(s):

Hannah J Russell ◽

James M StJ Penney ◽

Cortland Linder ◽

Elizabeth C Joekes ◽

Amaya L Bustinduy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Older Children ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Sonographic Examination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Periportal Fibrosis ◽

The Uk

Abstract Background A cross-sectional survey was performed to estimate the prevalence of periportal fibrosis in children based on ultrasound examination in the Marolambo district of the Atsinanana region of Madagascar. This is a remote area known to have a high prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis. Methods School-aged children (5–14 y) were selected from six villages for parasitological and sonographic examination. Circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) tests and Kato Katz (KK) stool microscopy were performed. Video-clips of liver views were recorded with a SonoSite iViz and interpreted in the UK by comparison with standardised images (WHO protocol). Results The prevalence of schistosomiasis according to CCA testing was 97.8% (269/275) and 73.8% (203/275) by KK. Sonographic evidence of periportal fibrosis was observed in 11.3% (31/275). The youngest children with fibrosis were aged 6 y. Fibrosis was more common in older children (p=0.03) but was not associated with either infection intensity category (p=0.07) or gender (p=0.67). Conclusions Findings of periportal fibrosis among children in these hard-to-reach villages suggests chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection from a very young age. This may reflect other similarly remote schistosomiasis-endemic areas and reinforces the need to investigate morbidity in neglected communities to understand the true extent of disease burden in endemic countries.

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Author Correction: Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and allergenic invertebrates putatively due to shared glycanic epitopes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-65548-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marwa H. El-Faham ◽

Fatou Gai ◽

Joseph E. Igetei ◽

Sarah Richter ◽

Franco H. Falcone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Cross Reactivity

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Molecular characterization of a partial sequence encoding a novel Schistosoma mansoni serine protease

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182097001546 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 115 (4) ◽

pp. 395-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. COCUDE ◽

C. PIERROT ◽

C. CETRE ◽

C. GODIN ◽

A. CAPRON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Serine Protease ◽

Serine Proteases ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Consensus Sequences ◽

Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽

Sequence Encoding

A PCR strategy using degenerate oligonucleotide primers based upon consensus sequences of the active site of serine proteases yielded a 467 bp fragment from genomic DNA from Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. The sequence presented a continuous open reading frame and the deduced amino acid sequence (156 aa) presented homologies with various serine proteases, in particular the highest percentage identity was observed with a mammalian plasma kallikrein. The expression of this serine protease was studied first at the mRNA level and it was only detected by RT-PCR in cercariae and in adult worms. At the protein level we were able to detect it by Western blotting and by using antigen extracts from metabolically radio-isotope labelled worms. The absence of any positive signal in Northern blot and the detection of the protein suggest that the mRNA has a very short half-life, however the protein may be accumulated in the parasite. The significance of identity with mammalian kallikrein was confirmed by cross-immunoreactivity with a native porcine pancreatic kallikrein. However, no cross-reactivity was observed with S. mansoni elastase, another serine protease. Thus, we suggest that the serine protease described in this paper is a kallikrein-like protease.

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Egg excretion in the initial phase of experimental murine schistosomiasis mansoni: stability and association with worm burden

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651995000400007 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 325-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Regina Lunardi Rocha ◽

Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha ◽

Ênio Roberto Pietra Pedroso ◽

Enrico Antônio Colosimo ◽

Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Initial Phase ◽

Worm Burden ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Schistosome Infection ◽

Schistosomiasis Mansoni

Stability of faecal egg excretion and correlation with results related to worm burden at the initial phase of schistosomiasis mansoni were observed in two groups of mice infected with different Schistosoma mansoni cercarial burdens, by means of analysis of quantitative parasitological studies and schistosome counts after perfusion. Thus, it may be stated that few quantitative parasitological stool examinations could be sufficient to express the infection intensity at the initial phase, on the same grounds that it was already demonstrated at the chronic phase. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the use of the number of eggs passed in the faeces as a tool to estimate the worm burden at the initial phase of schistosome infection is adequate.

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Lectin binding patterns in normal, metaplastic, and neoplastic gastric mucosa.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/40.5.1573249 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 681-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T Narita ◽

H Numao

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Lectin Binding ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Luminal Surface ◽

Diffuse Type ◽

Normal Gastric Mucosa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tissue Specimens

We investigated lectin binding patterns on tissue specimens of normal and metaplastic gastric surface mucosae, gastric adenomas, and intestinal and diffuse-type gastric carcinomas. Compared with normal gastric mucosa, metaplastic mucosa exhibited an increase of ConA binding and decreases of WGA, PNA, UEA-1, and DBA binding in the cytoplasm, and decreases of ConA, PNA, and UEA-1 binding at the luminal surface. Intestinal carcinomas were similar to metaplastic gastric surface mucosa in ConA, WGA, and UEA-1 binding in the cytoplasm, while diffuse-type carcinomas were similar to normal gastric mucosa in WGA and UEA-1 binding in the cytoplasm. Adenomas were similar to intestinal carcinomas in ConA and UEA-1 binding in the cytoplasm, but were different from intestinal carcinomas in Con A and UEA-1 binding at the luminal surface. For UEA-1, normal and metaplastic gastric surface mucosae did not show a significant difference between the blood type A, AB, B group and the O group. Intestinal and diffuse carcinomas and adenomas also did not show such a difference between the blood groups. For DBA, normal gastric surface mucosa showed a significant difference between the blood type B, O group and the A, AB group. Normal gastric mucosa of the blood type A, AB group was frequently positive for DBA binding in the cytoplasm and at the luminal surface. Metaplastic mucosa did not show a significant difference between the blood groups. Intestinal and diffuse-type carcinomas and adenomas also did not show a difference between the blood groups. DBA binding in the cytoplasm of intestinal carcinomas and adenomas was more frequently positive than that of normal and metaplastic mucosae, except for normal gastric mucosa of the blood type A, AB group. Compared with diffuse-type carcinomas, intestinal carcinomas were accompanied by a significant increase of ConA binding and decreases of WGA and PNA binding in the cytoplasm.

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