scholarly journals Microbial Response to Phytostabilization in Mining Impacted Soils Using Maize in Conjunction with Biochar and Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Ducey ◽  
Gilbert C. Sigua ◽  
Jeffrey M. Novak ◽  
James A. Ippolito ◽  
Kurt A. Spokas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Poultry Litter Biochar ◽  
The Impact

Even after remediation, mining impacted soils can leave behind a landscape inhospitable to plant growth and containing residual heavy metals. While phytostabilization can be used to restore such sites by limiting heavy metal spread, it is reliant on soil capable of supporting plant growth. Manure-based biochars, coupled with compost, have demonstrated the ability to improve soil growth conditions in mine impacted soils, however there is a paucity of information regarding their influence on resident microbial populations. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of these soil amendments on microbial community structure and function in mine impacted soils placed under phytostabilization management with maize. To this aim, a combination of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and enzymatic analyses were performed. Results indicate that microbial biomass is significantly increased upon addition of biochar and compost, with maximal microbial biomass achieved with 5% poultry litter biochar and compost (62.82 nmol g−1 dry soil). Microbial community structure was impacted by biochar type, rate of application, and compost addition, and influenced by pH (r2 = 0.778), EC (r2 = 0.467), and Mg soil concentrations (r2 = 0.453). In three of the four enzymes analyzed, poultry litter biochar treatments were observed with increased activity rates that were often significantly greater than the unamended control. Overall, enzyme activities rates were influenced by biochar type and rate, and addition of compost. These results suggest that using a combination of biochar and compost can be utilized as a management tool to support phytostabilization strategies in mining impacted soils.

The Impact of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Microbial Community Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3635-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hua Wang ◽  
Xue Gong ◽  
Jian Fei Guan ◽  
Hui Yan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reclaimed Water Irrigation

The reclaimed water treated in a Harbin recycled water plant has been taken as a target of research, by using microbial traditional culture method and tablet coated counting method, discussing the influence of the reclaimed water irrigation on soil microbial community structure through the method of short-term indoor simulated soil column irrigation. The results shows that the reclaimed water irrigation can significantly increase the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the surface 0-20 cm layer soil, but it has little affect on 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layer soil. Microbial community structure and diversity were changed relatively with the irrigation of reclaimed water, which embodied the increase or decrease of dominant and subdominant groups, the disappearance of non-dominant groups sensitive to reclaimed water, the appear or disappear of the other part of the occasional groups.

Response of soil microbial biomass, activities, and community structure at a pine stand in northeastern Germany 5 years after thinning

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Maassen ◽  
Hannu Fritze ◽  
Stephan Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northeastern Germany

A thinned and an unthinned treatment were compared in a 62-year-old pine stand located in northeastern Germany (Brandenburg, Ost-Prignitz, Revier Beerenbusch) (year of thinning: 1999, degree of canopy opening: 0.4). Samples of the organic layer (O) and the mineral horizon (Aeh) of an acid brown earth were collected along a transect at each treatment in November 2003 and April 2004. Substrate induced respiration, basal respiration, and a suite of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose (endocellulase, exocellulase, β-glucosidase, endoxylanase, exoxylanase, phenoloxidase, peroxidase) were assayed. Microbial community structure and relative biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were assayed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Five years after thinning, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and enzyme activities in both soil layers did not differ significantly between thinned and unthinned treatments. However, the analysis of soil microbial community structure revealed a significant difference between the thinned and unthinned treatment at both sampling dates. Thus, it was concluded that thinning had not yet resulted in any response in soil microbial activities at the site under study, but since early evidence of change in the microbial community was detected, long-term monitoring and additional studies on mineralization activities are required.

Microbial biomass and community structure changes along a soil development chronosequence near Lake Wellman, southern Victoria Land

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Aislabie ◽  
James Bockheim ◽  
Malcolm Mcleod ◽  
David Hunter ◽  
Bryan Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractFour pedons on each of four drift sheets in the Lake Wellman area of the Darwin Mountains were sampled for chemical and microbial analyses. The four drifts, Hatherton, Britannia, Danum, and Isca, ranged from early Holocene (10 ka) to mid-Quaternary (c. 900 ka). The soil properties of weathering stage, salt stage, and depths of staining, visible salts, ghosts, and coherence increase with drift age. The landforms contain primarily high-centred polygons with windblown snow in the troughs. The soils are dominantly complexes of Typic Haplorthels and Typic Haploturbels. The soils were dry and alkaline with low levels of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Electrical conductivity was high accompanied by high levels of water soluble anions and cations (especially calcium and sulphate in older soils). Soil microbial biomass, measured as phospholipid fatty acids, and numbers of culturable heterotrophic microbes, were low, with highest levels detected in less developed soils from the Hatherton drift. The microbial community structure of the Hatherton soil also differed from that of the Britannia, Danum and Isca soils. Ordination revealed the soil microbial community structure was influenced by soil development and organic carbon.

Assessing effects of forest management on microbial community structure in a central European beech forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2595-2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J Grayston ◽  
Heinz Rennenberg
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
And Function

This study aimed to characterize the effects of forest management on soil microbial community structure and function in a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest. We used community level physiological profiles, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, microbial biomass, culturing, and respiration approaches to quantify soil microbial community structure and activity at two sites in a naturally regenerated beech forest subjected to intermediate and heavy thinning and control (unthinned) in southern Germany. PLFA showed that the northeast-facing (NE) site contained significantly greater bacterial and fungal biomass than the southwest-facing (SW) site. Heavy thinning (tree basal area reduction from 27 to 10 m2·ha–1) significantly reduced microbial biomass in the NE site, measured using fumigation–extraction, but both bacterial and fungal biomass increased with thinning on the SW site. Soil microbial activity was significantly higher in the control plots of the NE compared with the SW site and was significantly reduced by heavy thinning, again only on the NE site. Our findings are consistent with our initial hypotheses that contrasting N uptake by beech on these two sites after thinning may relate to differences in the soil microbial biomass, population structure and function on the two sites.

scholarly journals Analysis of Microbial Water Contamination, Soil Microbial Community Structure, and Soil Respiration in a Collaborative First-Year Students as Scholars Program (SAS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah T. Stiemsma ◽  
Stephen D. Davis ◽  
Jay L. Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biology Majors

The persistence of college students in STEM majors after their first-year of college is approximately 50%, with underrepresented populations displaying even higher rates of departure. For many undergraduates, their first-year in college is defined by large class sizes, poor access to research faculty, and minimal standing in communities of scholars. Pepperdine University and Whittier College, funded by a National Science Foundation award to Improve Undergraduate Stem Education (NSF IUSE), partnered in the development of first-year classes specifically geared to improve student persistence in STEM and academic success. This Students as Scholars Program (SAS) engaged first-year undergraduates in scholarly efforts during their first semester in college with a careful approach to original research design and mentoring by both faculty and upperclassmen experienced in research. Courses began by introducing hypothesis formulation and experimental design partnered with the scientific focus of each course (ecological, biochemical, microbiological). Students split into research teams, explored the primary literature, designed research projects, and executed experiments over a 6–7 week period, collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. Microbiology-specific projects included partnerships with local park managers to assess water quality and microbial coliform contamination at specified locations in a coastal watershed. In addition, students explored the impact of soil salinity on microbial community structure. Analysis of these samples included next-generation sequencing and microbiome compositional analysis via collaboration with students from an upper division microbiology course. This cross-course collaboration facilitated additional student mentoring opportunities between upperclassmen and first-year students. This approach provided first-year students an introduction to the analysis of complex data sets using bioinformatics and statistically reliable gas-exchange replicates. Assessment of the impact of this program revealed students to view the research as challenging, but confidence building as they take their first steps as biology majors. In addition, the direct mentorship of first-year students by upperclassmen and faculty was viewed positively by students. Ongoing assessments have revealed SAS participants to display a 15% increased persistence rate in STEM fields when compared to non-SAS biology majors.

scholarly journals Improvement of subsoil physicochemical and microbial properties by short-term fallow practices

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7501
Author(s):  
Guangyu Li ◽  
Walter Timo de Vries ◽  
Cifang Wu ◽  
Hongyu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Fallow management can improve the soil nutrients in the topsoil and upper subsoil. However, little is known about the effects of short-term (one year) fallowing with different treatments, such as vegetation and fertilization, on subsoil (20–40 cm) properties. We conducted field trials to explore the changes in subsoil properties in response to such treatments in the Yellow River Delta region in China. Different vegetation and fertilization treatments were applied, and we measured the carbon and nitrogen contents, microbial biomass and microbial community structure in the subsoil. Fallowing without manure resulted in the storage of more total nitrogen (16.38%) than fallowing with manure, and meadow vegetation improved the ammonium nitrogen content (45.71%) relative to spontaneous vegetation. Spontaneous vegetation with manure improved the microbial biomass nitrogen (P < 0.05). Although the impact of short-term fallowing on microbial community structure was low, an effect of management was observed for some genera. Blastopirellula, Lysobacter, and Acidobacteria Gp6 showed significant differences among fallow treatments by the end of the year (P < 0.05). Blastopirellula abundance was related to the microbial biomass nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization rate in the subsoil. Manure retained a high abundance of Lysobacter, which may strengthen soil-borne disease resistance. The response of Acidobacteria Gp6 showed that meadow vegetation without manure may not benefit future crops. Although the treatments did not significantly improve microbial community structure in the one-year period, annual fallowing improved certain subsoil properties and increased the number of functional genera, which may enhance crop productivity in the future.

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