scholarly journals The Impact of Pre-Slaughter Fasting on the Ruminal Microbial Population of Commercial Angus Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Christina Breanne Welch ◽  
Jeferson M. Lourenco ◽  
Darren S. Seidel ◽  
Taylor Rae Krause ◽  
Michael J. Rothrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Diet impacts the composition of the ruminal microbiota; however, prior to slaughter, cattle are fasted, which may change the ruminal microbial ecosystem structure and lead to dysbiosis. The objective of this study was to determine changes occurring in the rumen after pre-slaughter fasting, which can allow harmful pathogens an opportunity to establish in the rumen. Ruminal samples were collected before and after pre-slaughter fasting from seventeen commercial Angus steers. DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to determine the ruminal microbiota, as well as volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Microbial richness (Chao 1 index), evenness, and Shannon diversity index all increased after fasting (p ≤ 0.040). During fasting, the two predominant families Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased (p ≤ 0.029), whereas the remaining minor families increased (p < 0.001). Fasting increased Blautia and Methanosphaera (p ≤ 0.003), while Campylobacter and Treponema tended to increase (p ≤ 0.086). Butyrate concentration tended to decrease (p = 0.068) after fasting. The present findings support that fasting causes ruminal nutrient depletion resulting in dysbiosis, allowing opportunistic pathogens to exploit the void in the ruminal ecological niche.

scholarly journals 2572. The Impact of Antibiotics on the Composition of the Vaginal Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S893-S894
Author(s):  
Sima L Sharara ◽  
Khalil Ghanem ◽  
Rebecca Brotman ◽  
Courtney Robinson ◽  
Jacques Ravel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background The impact of antibiotics on the composition of the vaginal microbiota (VMB) is poorly defined. We analyzed the VMB of women before and after the use of antibiotics. Methods We used samples from a cohort of reproductive-aged women who submitted vaginal swabs and clinical data over a 2-year period. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted, and VMB was categorized into 7 community state types (CSTs): four dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and three low in Lactobacillus, dominated by Streptococcus spp. (CST VI), Bifidobacterium spp. (CST VII), or comprising a variety of anaerobes (CST IV). CSTs were further categorized as Lactobacillus-dominated (LD) or non-Lactobacillus-dominated (NLD). We compared paired vaginal samples collected within 48 hours prior to and 48 hours after completion of antibiotics in 40 women (N = 10 systemic metronidazole, N = 6 vaginal metronidazole, N = 5 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, N = 9 amoxicillin, N = 5 azithromycin, N = 5 other), to time-matched samples in 56 controls. Exact logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on LD status controlling for baseline CST, race, menses, and hormonal contraceptive use. Results Women who received antibiotics were 25 times more likely to be in an LD state after antibiotics compared with those who did not receive antibiotics (p = 0.0017). NLD to LD transitions occurred almost exclusively in patients receiving metronidazole. Of 13 women who began in NLD (N = 12 in CST IV) and then received metronidazole, 84.6% (N = 11) transitioned to LD (CST III, L. iners-dominated). Of 7 women who started in an NLD state and received non-nitroimidazole antibiotics, only two (receiving clindamycin or amoxicillin) transitioned to an LD state. None of the 20 women who began in a LD state transitioned to a non-LD state after antibiotics. 12 controls were in an NLD state at baseline, of these 11 remained NLD at the second time point. 44 controls started in an LD state and all remained in LD at the second time point. Conclusion In the short term, metronidazole results in a transition of the VMB from a NLD to a L. iners-dominated state. There was little impact of non-nitroimidazole antibiotics on the VMB. Studies assessing longer-term impact of antibiotics on the composition of the VMB are needed. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Ava M. Firth ◽  
CallaBria Putrino ◽  
Fabio Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

scholarly journals The impact of feed efficiency selection on the ruminal, cecal, and fecal microbiomes of Angus steers from a commercial feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina B Welch ◽  
Jeferson M Lourenco ◽  
Dylan B Davis ◽  
Taylor R Krause ◽  
Mia N Carmichael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Taxonomic Profile ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Feed is the greatest cost of animal production, so reducing it is critical to increase producer profits. In ruminants, the microbial population within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is critical to nutrient digestion and absorption in both the rumen and the hindgut. The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial taxonomic profile of the rumen, cecum, and feces of feedlot steers at slaughter in order to link feed efficiency and the GIT bacterial populations from these three locations. Twenty commercial Angus steers were selected and divided into two groups according to their residual feed intake (RFI) classification determined during the feedlot-finishing period: high-RFI (n = 10) and low-RFI (n = 10). After the ruminal, cecal, and fecal samples were collected at slaughter, DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed on them to determine their bacterial composition. One-way ANOVA was performed on the animal performance data, alpha diversities, and bacterial abundances using RFI classification as the fixed effect. Overall, the ruminal bacterial population was the most different in terms of taxonomic profile compared with the cecal and fecal populations as revealed by beta diversity analysis (P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, bacterial richness (Chao1) was greatest (P = 0.01) in the rumen of the high-RFI group compared with the low-RFI group. In contrast, bacterial richness and diversity in the intestinal environment showed that Chao1 was greater (P = 0.01) in the cecum, and the Shannon diversity index was greater in both the cecum and feces of low-RFI compared with high-RFI steers (P = 0.01 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Ruminococcaceae was more abundant in the low-RFI group in the cecum and feces (P = 0.01); fecal Bifidobacteriaceae was more abundant in high-RFI steers (P = 0.03). No correlations (P ≥ 0.13) between any ruminal bacterial family and RFI were detected; however, Ruminococcaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, and BS11 were negatively correlated with RFI (P &lt; 0.05) in the cecum and feces. Succinivibrionaceae in the cecum was positively correlated with RFI (P = 0.05), and fecal Bifidobacteriaceae was positively correlated with RFI (P = 0.03). Results collectively indicate that in addition to the ruminal bacteria, the lower gut bacterial population has a significant impact on feed efficiency and nutrient utilization in feedlot steers; therefore, the intestinal bacteria should also be considered when examining the basis of ruminant feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Inbreeding Alters the Gut Microbiota of the Banna Minipig

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2125
Author(s):  
Limin Wei ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Fanli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Isoleucine Metabolism ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predicted Function

The gut microbiota coevolve with the host and can be stably transmitted to the offspring. Host genetics plays a crucial role in the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. Inbreeding can cause a decrease of the host’s genetic diversity and the heterozygosity. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare the differences of gut microbiota between the Diannan small-ear pig and Banna minipig inbred, aiming to understand the impact of inbreeding on the gut microbiota. Three dominant bacteria (Stenotrophlomonas, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus) were steadily enriched in both the Diannan small-ear pig and Banna minipig inbred. After inbreeding, the gut microbiota alpha diversity and some potential probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Tricibacter, Ruminocaccae, Christensenellaceae, etc.) were significantly decreased, while the pathogenic Klebsiella bacteria was significantly increased. In addition, the predicted metagenomic analysis (PICRUSt2) indicated that several amino acid metabolisms (‘‘Valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism’’, ‘‘Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis’’, ‘‘Histidine metabolism’’) were also markedly decreased after the inbreeding. Altogether our data reveal that host inbreeding altered the composition and the predicted function of the gut microbiome, which provides some data for the gut microbiota during inbreeding.

scholarly journals Diazotrophic Burkholderia Species Associated with Field-Grown Maize and Sugarcane

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3103-3110 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Perin ◽  
L. Mart�nez-Aguilar ◽  
R. Castro-Gonz�lez ◽  
P. Estrada-de los Santos ◽  
T. Cabellos-Avelar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gene Restriction

ABSTRACT Until recently, diazotrophy was known in only one of the 30 formally described species of Burkholderia. Novel N2-fixing plant-associated Burkholderia species such as B. unamae, B. tropica, and B. xenovorans have been described, but their environmental distribution is scarcely known. In the present study, the occurrence of N2-fixing Burkholderia species associated with different varieties of sugarcane and maize growing in regions of Mexico and Brazil was analyzed. Only 111 out of more than 900 isolates recovered had N2-fixing ability as demonstrated by the acetylene reduction assay. All 111 isolates also yielded a PCR product with primers targeting the nifH gene, which encodes a key enzyme in the process of nitrogen fixation. These 111 isolates were confirmed as belonging to the genus Burkholderia by using a new 16S rRNA-specific primer pair for diazotrophic species (except B. vietnamiensis) and closely related nondiazotrophic Burkholderia. In Mexico, many isolates of B. unamae (predominantly associated with sugarcane) and B. tropica (more often associated with maize) were recovered. However, in Brazil B. tropica was not identified among the isolates analyzed, and only a few B. unamae isolates were recovered from one sugarcane variety. Most Brazilian diazotrophic Burkholderia isolates (associated with both sugarcane and maize plants) belonged to a novel species, as revealed by amplified 16S rRNA gene restriction profiles, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and protein electrophoresis. In addition, transmissibility factors such as the cblA and esmR genes, identified among clinical and environmental isolates of opportunistic pathogens of B. cenocepacia and other species of the B. cepacia complex, were not detected in any of the plant-associated diazotrophic Burkholderia isolates analyzed.

scholarly journals Understanding host-microbiota interactions in the commercial piglet around weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saladrigas-García ◽  
M. D’Angelo ◽  
H. L. Ko ◽  
P. Nolis ◽  
Y. Ramayo-Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWeaning is a critical period in the life of pigs with repercussions on their health and welfare and on the economy of the swine industry. This study aimed to assess the effect of the commercial early weaning on gut microbiota, intestinal gene expression and serum metabolomic response via an integrated-omic approach combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the OpenArray gene expression technology and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Fourteen piglets from different litters were sampled for blood, jejunum tissue and caecal content two days before (− 2d), and three days after (+ 3d) weaning. A clearly differential ordination of caecal microbiota was observed. Higher abundances of Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Dorea and Lachnospira genera in weaned piglets compared to prior to weaning showed the quick microbial changes of the piglets’ gut microbiota. Downregulation of OCLN, CLDN4, MUC2, MUC13, SLC15A1 and SLC13A1 genes, also evidenced the negative impact of weaning on gut barrier and digestive functions. Metabolomic approach pinpointed significant decreases in choline, LDL, triglycerides, fatty acids, alanine and isoleucine and increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate after weaning. Moreover, the correlation between microbiota and metabolome datasets revealed the existence of metabolic clusters interrelated to different bacterial clusters. Our results demonstrate the impact of weaning stress on the piglet and give insights regarding the associations between gut microbiota and the animal gene activity and metabolic response.

scholarly journals Investigation of Oral Microbiome in Donkeys and the Effect of Dental Care on Oral Microbial Composition

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Yiping Zhu ◽  
Wuyan Jiang ◽  
Reed Holyoak ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to investigate the oral microbial composition of the donkey and whether basic dental treatment, such as dental floating, would make a difference to the oral microbial environment in donkeys with dental diseases using high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Oral swab samples were collected from 14 donkeys with various dental abnormalities on day 0 (before treatment) and day 20 (twenty days after treatment). It is the first report focusing on the oral microbiome in donkeys with dental diseases and the impact of common dental procedures thereon. Identified in group Day 0 and group Day 20, respectively, were 60,439.6 and 58,579.1 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Several taxa in Day 0 differed significantly from Day 20 at the phylum and genus levels, but no statistically significant difference was observed in richness and diversity of Day 0 and Day 20. The results also indicated that a larger-scale study focusing on healthy donkey oral microbiome, as well as the correlation of dental diseases and oral microbiomes at different time frames following more specific and consistent dental treatment, are warranted.

scholarly journals Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for prediction of new opportunistic pathogens in chicken ileal and cecal microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2347-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslava Kollarcikova ◽  
Tereza Kubasova ◽  
Daniela Karasova ◽  
Magdalena Crhanova ◽  
Darina Cejkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

scholarly journals Effect of a Laminarin Rich Macroalgal Extract on the Caecal and Colonic Microbiota in the Post-Weaned Pig

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stafford Vigors ◽  
John V O’Doherty ◽  
Ruth Rattigan ◽  
Mary J McDonnell ◽  
Gaurav Rajauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Relationships

Dietary supplementation with 300 ppm of a laminarin rich macroalgal extract reduces post-weaning intestinal dysfunction in pigs. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of laminarin on the intestinal microbiome during this period is essential to inform on the mode of action of this bioactivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing the diet of newly weaned pigs with 300 ppm of a laminarin rich extract, on animal performance, volatile fatty acids, and the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pigs fed the laminarin-supplemented diet had higher average daily feed intake, growth rate, and body weight compared to pigs fed the control diet (p < 0.05). Pigs fed the laminarin-supplemented diet had reduced abundance of OTUs assigned to Enterobacteriaceae and increased abundance of OTUs assigned to the genus Prevotella (p < 0.05) compared to pigs fed the control diet. Enterobacteriaceae had negative relationships (p < 0.05) with average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and butyric acid concentrations. In contrast, Prevotellaceae were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with ADFI, ADG, total VFA, acetic, propionic, butyric acids, and negatively correlated with isovaleric acid. Hence supplementation with a laminarin enriched extract potentially improves performance during the post-weaning period by promoting the proliferation of bacterial taxa such as Prevotella that favourably enhance nutrient digestion while reducing the load of potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa including Enterobacteriaceae.

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