scholarly journals Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–15 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275
Author(s):  
Carla Candeias ◽  
Paula F Ávila ◽  
Célia Alves ◽  
Carla Gama ◽  
Cristina Sequeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
High Enrichment

Fogo (Fogo Island) is the youngest and most active volcano of Cape Verde. The last eruption occurred in 2014–2015. Aiming to assess the dust sources that impacted the air quality during the present study period, fresh lava samples were collected, while Saharan dust intrusions and transport were modeled. Rooftop dust was also collected on the island dwellings and a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution was assessed by XRD and Electron Microprobe. The pseudototal chemical concentration was performed by XRF, ICP-MS and SEM; the latter includes particles morphology. During the study, WRF-CHIMERE results showed the intrusion of desert dust which affected the air quality. Lava was classified as tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. The Pollution Load Index for rooftop dust was >1 in all samples, suggesting an enrichment. Higher values were found in dust size fraction <63 µm, with contamination factor pointing to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd. The non-carcinogenic hazard estimated for children suggested that health problems may arise. The carcinogenic risk was above the target risk, mostly due to As > Pb > Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route. PM10 concentrations exceeded the 24-hour mean of 50 µg/m3 recommended by WHO. Nevertheless, TVOCs displayed levels lower than guidelines. The highest levels of CO2 were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano.

scholarly journals Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde) 2014-2015 Eruption: Dust Characterization and Impacts on Environment and Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Candeias ◽  
Paula F. Ávila ◽  
Célia Alves ◽  
Carla Gama ◽  
Cristina Sequeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Enrichment ◽  
Outdoor Dust

Fogo (Fogo island, Cape Verde Republic) is the youngest and most active volcano of the archipelago. The last eruption occurred in 2014&ndash;2015. Aiming at studying dust emissions and transport during the eruption period and assessing their impact on air quality and human health, a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken in outdoor dust from all over the island, as well as in the lava resulting from this event. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution of the samples was analysed by X-ray diffraction and Electron Microprobe, while the chemical characterization was performed through X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and ICP-MS. The volcanic rock was found to be tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. Several minerals were identified, such as titanian augite with ilmenite, basaltic hornblendes, pyrrhotites, apatites, pyroxenes, basaltic hornblendes and hematites. Concentrations of the particulate matter inhalable fraction (PM10) exceeded the 24-hour mean of 50 &micro;g/m3 recommended by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) showed levels lower than the worrying range. The highest levels of CO2 were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) for outdoor dust collected on rooftops was always above 1, suggesting enrichment, with higher values in the dust size fraction &lt; 63 &micro;m. In the same way, the Contamination Factor pointed to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd in the same size fraction. The Non-carcinogenic Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index estimated for Children suggest that health problems may arise. The Carcinogenic Risk, for all size fractions, was above the target risk. The element that most contributed to the global risk was As, followed by Pb and Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route for all size fractions. The dust size fraction that represented the highest risk was &lt; 63 &micro;m, mostly due to the As concentration.

Olfactory and Chemical Characterization of Indoor Air-Towards a Psychophysical Model for Air Quality

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Berglund ◽  
Ulf Berglund ◽  
Thomas Lindvall ◽  
Helene Nicander-Bredberg
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Chemical Characterization

scholarly journals Seasonal patterns of Saharan dust over Cape Verde – a combined approach using observations and modelling

Tellus B ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 24410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Gama ◽  
Oxana Tchepel ◽  
José María Baldasano ◽  
Sara Basart ◽  
Joana Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cape Verde ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Combined Approach

scholarly journals Effect of Atmospheric Pollutants on the Air Quality in Tunisia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Bouchlaghem ◽  
Blaise Nsom
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
African Dust ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Daily Concentration

This paper presents the evolution of Saharan dust advection when the PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm) concentration exceeds standard limits in different Tunisian sites. Meteorological and concentration data (from 2004 to 2010) obtained from several monitoring stations and in situ measurements were used to identify African dust change in seasonal occurrence, their source origin, and their impact on surface PM10 concentrations. We pointed out that the Saharan dust contribution caused frequently the surpassing of the maximum number of days in excess of EU standard limits as well as of the maximum yearly average in the Mediterranean Tunisian coasts. The maximum daily concentration reaches 439 μg/m3during the Saharan events. The decrease in particulate levels recorded at the end of each event is due to the injection of European air masses and rainfalls. Primary pollutants peaks were much higher in winter than in summer which can be explained on the basis of the lower ventilation and mixing.

scholarly journals GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE SOIL IN AL-HAWIJA, SOUTHWEST KIRKUK

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2E) ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Obeidi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources

Soil pollution adversely affects the safety and health of the human being. The main objective of the study is to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surface soil in Al-Hawija, southwestern Kirkuk. Twenty-one samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the content of heavy metals and assess the soil pollution by using the contamination factor, degree of contamination, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index and ecological risk index (RI). The results indicate that there is high pollution by lead, chromium and copper (78.8, 87.4 and 53.8 mg/kg) respectively, in industrial areas due to anthropogenic sources with the presence of significant ecological risk (Er) of the lead (116) in site S7, due to its high concentrations, while size fraction analysis indicated that all heavy metals are concentrated in the fine parts as a result of adsorption processes by clay minerals.

scholarly journals Concentração de Material Particulado (PM10) na Região de Tangará da Serra-MT, Sul da Amazônia Legal (Particulate Matter Concentration in Tangará da Serra Region, Southern Legal...)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Patricia Simone Palhana Moreira ◽  
Rivanildo Dallacort ◽  
Idilaine De Fatima Lima ◽  
Rafael Cesar Tieppo ◽  
Cristiano Santos
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
State University ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Matter Concentration

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as concentrações de material particulado presente na atmosfera de Tangará da Serra-MT, e correlacioná-los com as variáveis meteorológicas, informações de saúde e com o número de focos de queimada no Estado de Mato Grosso. Os dados de material particulado foram amostrados diariamente a cada 5 minutos, com auxilio do coletor DataRam4, no período de agosto de 2008 a julho de 2009. Os dados meteorológicos foram disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia - INMET, o qual possui uma estação meteorológica instalada na Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso – UNEMAT. A média de concentração do período foi de 30,1 ug.m-3. Os meses de agosto, setembro e outubro apresentaram concentrações mais altas de material particulado, nestes meses também ocorreram os maiores números de queimadas no Estado. Nos meses em que foram registrados os picos de concentração, houve dias em que os padrões de qualidade do ar foram ultrapassados. No mês de outubro, que foi o de maior concentração, as médias diárias ultrapassaram 150 ug.m-3 em três dias. As concentrações de material particulado (PM10) foram altas apenas em um período relativamente curto, de apenas três meses, nos demais meses as concentrações foram baixas, não ultrapassando os limites de qualidade do ar.  A B S T R A C T The aim of this work was to analyze the atmospheric particulate matter concentrations in Tangara da Serra MT, and correlate them with meteorological variables, health information and the number of fire spots in Mato Grosso State. The particulate matter data were sampled every five minutes daily with a DataRam4 collector, from August 2008 to July 2009. Meteorological data were acquired from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET, which has a weather station at the Mato Grosso State University - UNEMAT. The average concentration for the period was 30.1 ug.m-3. The months of August, September and October showed higher concentrations of particulate matter, in these months also occurred the highest number of fire spots in the State. In the months that had the concentrations peak, there were days when the air quality standards were exceeded. In October, which had the highest concentration, the daily average exceeded 150 ug.m-3 in three days. The concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) were high, but only in a relatively short period of three months, in the remaining months the concentrations were low, not exceeding the limits of air quality. Keywords: Meteorological Variables, Fire Spots, Meteorology.  

Saharan Dust Records and Its Impact in the European Alps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Greilinger ◽  
Anne Kasper-Giebl
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Airborne Dust ◽  
Dust Events

Mineral dust is one of the main natural sources of atmospheric particulate matter, with the Sahara being one of the most important source regions for the occurrence and deposition of mineral dust in Europe. The occurrence of dust events in the European Alps is documented via measurements of airborne dust and its deposits onto the glaciers. Dust events occur mainly in spring, summer, and early autumn. Dust layers are investigated in ice cores spanning the last millennium as well as in annual snow packs. They strongly affect the overall flux of dust-related compounds (e.g., calcium and magnesium), provide an alkaline input to wet deposition chemistry, and change the microbial abundance and diversity of the snow pack. Still airborne mineral dust particles can act as ice nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei, influencing the formation of cloud droplets and hence cloud formation and precipitation. Dust deposits on the snow lead to a darkening of the surface, referred to as “surface albedo reduction,” which influences the timing of the snowmelt and reduces the annual mass balance of glaciers, showing a direct link to glacier retreat as observed presently in a warming climate.

scholarly journals Unusual winter Saharan dust intrusions at Northwest Spain: Air quality, radiative and health impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Oduber ◽  
A.I. Calvo ◽  
C. Blanco-Alegre ◽  
A. Castro ◽  
T. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Saharan Dust Intrusions

scholarly journals Composition and mass size distribution of nitrated and oxygenated aromatic compounds in ambient particulate matter from southern and central Europe – implications for origin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Kitanovski ◽  
Pourya Shahpoury ◽  
Constantini Samara ◽  
Aristeidis Voliotis ◽  
Gerhard Lammel
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Nitro-monoaromatic hydrocarbons (NMAHs), such as nitrocatechols, nitrophenols and nitrosalicylic acids, are important constituents of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and humic-like substances (HULIS). Nitrated and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs, OPAHs) are toxic and ubiquitous in the ambient air; due to their light absorption properties, together with NMAHs they are part of aerosol brown carbon (BrC). We investigated the winter concentrations of these substance classes in size-resolved particulate matter (PM) from two urban sites in central and southern Europe, i.e. Mainz (MZ), Germany and Thessaloniki (TK), Greece. ∑11NMAH concentrations in PM10 and total PM were 0.51–8.38 and 12.1–72.1 ng m−3 at MZ and TK site, respectively, whereas ∑8OPAHs were 47–1636 and 858–4306 pg m−3, and ∑17NPAHs were ≤ 90 and 76–578 pg m−3, respectively. NMAHs and the water-soluble OPAHs contributed 0.4 and 1.8 %, and 0.0001 and 0.0002 % to the HULIS mass, at MZ and TK, respectively. The mass size distributions of the individual substances generally peaked in the smallest or second smallest size fraction i.e.,

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