Quantification of Kaolinite and Halloysite Using Machine Learning from FTIR, XRF, and Brightness Data

Quantification of halloysite and kaolinite in clay deposits from X-ray diffraction (XRD) commonly requires extensive sample preparation to differentiate the two phyllosilicates. When assessing hundreds of samples for mineral resource estimations, XRD analyses may become unfeasible due to time and expense. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis is a fast and cost-effective method to discriminate between kaolinite and halloysite; however, few efforts have been made to use this technique for quantified analysis of these minerals. In this study, we trained machine- and deep-learning models on XRD data to predict the abundance of kaolinite and halloysite from FTIR, chemical composition, and brightness data. The case study is from the Cloud Nine kaolinite–halloysite deposit, Noombenberry Project, Western Australia. The residual clay deposit is hosted in the saprolitic and transition zone of the weathering profile above the basement granite on the southwestern portion of the Archean Yilgarn Craton. Compared with XRD quantification, the predicted models have an R2 of 0.97 for kaolinite and 0.96 for halloysite, demonstrating an excellent fit. Based on these results, we demonstrate that our methodology provides a cost-effective alternative to XRD to quantify kaolinite and halloysite abundances.

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Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Metanil Yellow Dyes Using Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanocrystals

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst12010022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

S. Shwetha Priyadharshini ◽

Jayachamarajapura Pranesh Shubha ◽

Jaydev Shivalingappa ◽

Syed Farooq Adil ◽

Mufsir Kuniyil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Zno Nanocrystals ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Photocatalytic Activities ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Metanil Yellow

In this work, ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) have been effectively synthesized by a simple, efficient and cost-effective method using coconut husk extract as a novel fuel. The synthesized NCs are characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, Raman and PL studies. The obtained ZnO were found to be UV-active with a bandgap of 2.93 eV. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the crystallinity of the ZnO with hexagonally structured ZnO with a crystallite size of 48 nm, while the SEM analysis reveals the hexagonal bipyramid morphology. Photocatalytic activities of the synthesized ZnO NCs are used to degrade methylene blue and metanil yellow dyes.

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Combustion Synthesis of Graphene from Waste Paper for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes

International Journal of Nanoscience ◽

10.1142/s0219581x17600237 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (01n02) ◽

pp. 1760023 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dayakar Chowdary Singu ◽

B. Joseph ◽

V. Velmurugan ◽

Syamsai Ravuri ◽

A. Nirmala Grace

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Electrochemical Supercapacitor ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Discharge Duration ◽

Graphene Paper ◽

Supercapacitor Applications

Incessant streak of unsuccessful attempts to synthesize low cost graphene with larger flake size and purity is frequently reported. Any reported methods that result in few layers of graphene with minimal contamination are definitive to exist. In this work, graphene was prepared economically from source of “paper” and detailed investigation was done on the effect of synthesizing parameters like paper source, temperature and amount of urea in the formation of graphene. This is a cost effective method, in which the paper that we use in our daily life was carbonized with the help of urea at a temperature of 850[Formula: see text]C under N2 atmosphere. The paper source was varied, shape of the paper was altered and the graphene paper with large surface area was synthesized without smudging and the prepared graphene paper was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for its structural, morphological investigation. To test the supercapacitance performance, electrochemical behavior was investigated in 6[Formula: see text]M KOH electrolyte. The specific capacitance of 1122[Formula: see text]F/g was obtained at 5[Formula: see text]mV/s scan rate. Chronopotentiometry curves showed an excellent cyclic stability with higher charge/discharge duration and hence could be used for electrochemical supercapacitor applications.

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Ambient Condition Synthesis of Ag Submicron Crystallites from AgNO3, H2O2 and NH3•H2O

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.1392 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 391-392 ◽

pp. 1392-1395

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Yong Cai Zhang

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cubic Phase ◽

Present System ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Microscopy Images

A simple and cost-effective method based on the reduction of AgNO3 by H2O2 (5 vol.%) in 2.5–5 vol.% NH3•H2O aqueous solutions at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure was developed for the synthesis of Ag submicron crystallites. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that the resultant products were pure cubic phase Ag powders. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy images showed that the Ag powders synthesized in 2.5 and 5 vol.% NH3•H2O aqueous solutions comprised submicron crystallites with the sizes of about 355–580 and 200–650 nm, respectively. Besides, the possible formation mechanism of Ag powders in the present system was also proposed.

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Phytoassisted synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium rox.b heartwood extract and its biomedical applications

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00119-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manne Anupama Ammulu ◽

K. Vinay Viswanath ◽

Ajay Kumar Giduturi ◽

Praveen Kumar Vemuri ◽

Ushakiranmayi Mangamuri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Pterocarpus Marsupium ◽

X Ray ◽

Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Crystalline Nature

Abstract Background Unlike chemical techniques, the combination of metal oxide nanoparticles utilizing plant concentrate is a promising choice. The purpose of this work was to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) utilizing heartwood aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium. The heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium is rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids that can be used as a green source for large-scale, simple, and eco-friendly production of MgO-NPs. The phytoassisted synthesis of MgO is characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The formation of MgO-NPs is confirmed by a visual color change from colorless to dark brown and they displayed a wavelength of 310 nm in UV-Spectrophotometry analysis. The crystalline nature of the obtained biosynthesized nanoparticles are revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM results revealed the synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles formed by this cost-effective method are spherically shaped with an average size of < 20 nm. The presence of magnesium and oxygen were confirmed by the EDS data. TEM analysis proved the spherical shape of the nanoparticles with average particle size of 13.28 nm and SAED analysis confirms the crystalline nature of MgO-NPs. FT-IR investigation confirms the existence of the active compounds required to stabilize the magnesium oxide nanoparticles with hydroxyl and carboxyl and phenolic groups that act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. All the nanoparticles vary in particle sizes between 15 and 25 nm and obtained a polydispersity index value of 0.248. The zeta-potential was measured and found to be − 2.9 mV. Further, MgO-NPs were tested for antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) by minimum inhibitory concentration technique were found to be potent against both the bacteria. The blended nanoparticles showed good antioxidant activity examined by the DPPH radical scavenging method, showed good anti-diabetic activity determined by alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, and displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity evaluated by the albumin denaturation method. Conclusions The investigation reports the eco-friendly, cost-effective method for synthesizing magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium Rox.b heartwood extract with biomedical applications. Graphical abstract

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Removeal of Arsenic(III) from Water by Using a New Class of Zero-Valent Iron Modified Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieves SBA-15

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.423 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 423-429

Author(s):

Meng Ye ◽

Jin Huang ◽

Rui Chen ◽

Qi Zhuang He

Keyword(s):

Molecular Sieves ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Zero Valent Iron ◽

Preparation Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Wet Impregnation ◽

X Ray ◽

New Class ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Removal Of Arsenic

An elevated arsenic (As) content in groundwater imposes a great threat to people worldwide. Thus, developing new and cost-effective methods to remove As from groundwater and drinking water becomes a priority. Using Zero-Valent iron (ZVI) to remove As from water is a proven technology. In this study, ZVI modified SBA-15 mesoporous silicamolecular sieves (ZVI-SBA-15), was prepared, characterized, and used for removing arsenic from water. Wet impregnation, drying, and calcination steps led to iron inclusion within the mesopores. Iron oxide was reduced to ZVI by NaBH4, and the ZVI modified SBA-15 was obtained. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy conﬁrmed the preparation process of the nitrate to oxide forms. The structure of the materials was conﬁrmed by Powder X-ray diﬀraction. Its data indicated that the structure of ZVI-SBA-15 retained the host SBA-15 structure. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed a decrease in surface area and pore size, indicating ZVI-SBA-15 coating on the inner surfaces. Transmission electron micrographs also conﬁrmed that modiﬁed SBA-15 retained the structure of the parent SBA-15 silica.It has a high uptake capability(more than 90 pecent) make it potentially attractive absorbent for the removal of arsenic from water.

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A Case Study in Direct-Space Structure Determination from Powder X-ray Diffraction Data: Finding the Hydrate Structure of an Organic Molecule with Significant Conformational Flexibility†

Crystal Growth & Design ◽

10.1021/cg050212d ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 2084-2090 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Zhigang Pan ◽

Eugene Y. Cheung ◽

Kenneth D. M. Harris ◽

Edwin C. Constable ◽

Catherine E. Housecroft

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Data ◽

Structure Determination ◽

Organic Molecule ◽

Conformational Flexibility ◽

Space Structure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

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The Case Study of the Medieval Town Walls of Gubbio in Italy: First Results on the Characterization of Mortars and Binders

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage1020031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 468-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fernanda Carvalho ◽

Andreia Lopes ◽

Antonella Curulli ◽

Teresa da Silva ◽

Maria Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polarized Light ◽

Ex Situ ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

First Results ◽

Restoration Practices ◽

Climate Events

Good conservation and restoration practices of cultural heritage assets rely on the knowledge of original materials. In the framework of the HERACLES Project (HERACLES—HEritage Resilience Against CLimate Events on Site, H2020 Grant Agreement 700395), dealing with the effects of climatic actions and natural hazards on built heritage, a set of important heritage sites are currently under study to improve their resilience against climate events. Among these are the medieval Gubbio Town Walls in Italy. The present work focuses on the mortars and binders of this monument and collected samples related to different parts of the Walls, corresponding to various historical periods of construction and interventions. They were characterized to determine their minerochemical composition, thermal behavior, and morphology. For that purpose, ex-situ laboratory techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), optical microscopy (OM), polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry (TG-DTA) were used to discern trends in different sampling areas due to construction/reconstruction periods and building techniques.

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Rapid identification of wood species using XRF and neural network machine learning

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96850-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aaron N. Shugar ◽

B. Lee Drake ◽

Greg Kelley

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Machine Learning ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Wood Species ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Cost Effective Alternative

AbstractAn innovative approach for the rapid identification of wood species is presented. By combining X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with convolutional neural network machine learning, 48 different wood specimens were clearly differentiated and identified with a 99% accuracy. Wood species identification is imperative to assess illegally logged and transported lumber. Alternative options for identification can be time consuming and require some level of sampling. This non-invasive technique offers a viable, cost-effective alternative to rapidly and accurately identify timber in efforts to support environmental protection laws and regulations.

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