scholarly journals The Case Study of the Medieval Town Walls of Gubbio in Italy: First Results on the Characterization of Mortars and Binders

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carvalho ◽  
Andreia Lopes ◽  
Antonella Curulli ◽  
Teresa da Silva ◽  
Maria Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
First Results ◽  
Restoration Practices ◽  
Climate Events

Good conservation and restoration practices of cultural heritage assets rely on the knowledge of original materials. In the framework of the HERACLES Project (HERACLES—HEritage Resilience Against CLimate Events on Site, H2020 Grant Agreement 700395), dealing with the effects of climatic actions and natural hazards on built heritage, a set of important heritage sites are currently under study to improve their resilience against climate events. Among these are the medieval Gubbio Town Walls in Italy. The present work focuses on the mortars and binders of this monument and collected samples related to different parts of the Walls, corresponding to various historical periods of construction and interventions. They were characterized to determine their minerochemical composition, thermal behavior, and morphology. For that purpose, ex-situ laboratory techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), optical microscopy (OM), polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry (TG-DTA) were used to discern trends in different sampling areas due to construction/reconstruction periods and building techniques.

REALIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF e-BEAM COMPLETELY EVAPORATED BSCCO THIN FILMS

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (18) ◽  
pp. 1203-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ATTANASIO ◽  
L. MARITATO ◽  
A. NIGRO ◽  
S. PRISHEPA ◽  
R. SCAFURO
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Critical Current ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis

BSCCO thin films with T c (R = 0) higher than 80 K have been routinely prepared using a simple and reliable technique in which we completely electron beam evaporated weighted amounts of bulk pellets. The films were grown on MgO single crystal (100) substrates and showed, after an ex-situ annealing at high temperatures (840–880° C) for several hours, a strong preferential orientation with the c-axis perpendicular to the plane of the substrate. The films were characterized by Θ − 2Θ X-ray diffraction and EDS analysis and by paraconductivity and critical current measurements.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral in Soils of Cassava Cropping Area: A Case Study in Chonburi Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
K. Teanchai ◽  
S. Kongsriprapan ◽  
J. Kaewkhao ◽  
N. Sangwaranatee
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The chemical and physical properties of topsoil and subsoil which collected from the cassava cropping area in Chonburi Province have been investigated. The characterization of both soil sample were used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) while FTIR used to confirmed the formation of intermolecular bonding and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) used for investigated the crystalline. It was found that, the XRD pattern indicated quartz phase. The chemical composition by XRF reported that the soils samples consist of Si, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, Cr, Zn, Ag and Cu. and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and organics material.

scholarly journals Electrochemical and electron microscopic characterization of Super-P based cathodes for Li–O2 batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Marinaro ◽  
Santhana K Eswara Moorthy ◽  
Jörg Bernhard ◽  
Ludwig Jörissen ◽  
Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Li Ion

Aprotic rechargeable Li–O2 batteries are currently receiving considerable interest because they can possibly offer significantly higher energy densities than conventional Li-ion batteries. The electrochemical behavior of Li–O2 batteries containing bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI)/tetraglyme electrolyte were investigated by galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the formation/dissolution of Li2O2 particles at the cathode side during the operation of Li–O2 cells.

Vacuum Pressure MOVCD Growth and Characterization of AlN Films On MgO(100), Sapphire, and Si

1997 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Serra ◽  
N. P. Magtoto ◽  
D. C. Ingram ◽  
H. H. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

abstractFilms of AlN were grown on MgO(100), Al2O3, and Si under vacuum pressure (10-3 to 10-4 Torr) at different substrate temperatures. They were examined ex situ with infrared reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Highly oriented smooth films were grown at film thicknesses below 1 μm. Thicker films showed significantly more roughness but remained oriented with respect to the substrate. AIN growth was faster on Si than MgO(100) or Al2O3 and Si was the only substrate that growth was observed at 500°C.

scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME ZEOLITIZED TUFFS FROM NWRN TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bedelean ◽  
V. Codrea ◽  
Ο. Barbu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicic Volcanic ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Representative Samples

Zeolites are the most common products of transformation of silicic volcanic glass in the NW-rn part of Transylvania (Romania). Representative samples of volcanic tuffs from Mäcicas (Cluj county) were investigated by using optical (polarized light) microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and wet chemical analyses. The volcanic tuffare vitreous with an acid composition. Vitreous matrix and glass shards are replaced by zeolite minerals, mainly clinoptilolite and trace amounts ofopal-CT and mordenite. X-ray diffraction semiquantitative analysis indicated that clinoptilolite represent between 60 % and 70 % of the crystalline fraction of the tuff. The clinoptilolite content of the Mäcicas tuff deposits is one of the richest in Romania. According to the present status in the zeolite market in Europe, this deposit could have industrial potential in the construction industry and in environmental applications.

scholarly journals Characterization of Archaeological Artefacts Using Methods Specific to Materials Science: The Case Study of Dacian Ceramics from 2nd c. BC to 1st c. AD

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3908
Author(s):  
Laura Teodorescu ◽  
Ayed Ben Amara ◽  
Nadia Cantin ◽  
Rémy Chapoulie ◽  
Cătălin Ducu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Archeological Site

Combined analysis methods such as optical microscopy (OM), cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDX) have made it possible to obtain the first physico-chemical data of Dacian potsherds, exhumed at the archeological site of Ocnița-Buridava, Romania; the samples were provided by the “Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu” County Museum Vâlcea, dating from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD. The mineralogical and petrographic analyses revealed two types of ceramic pastes, taking into account the granulometry of the inclusions and highlighting the choice of the potter for fabricating the ceramic either by wheel or by hand. All samples showed an abundance in quartz, mica (muscovite and biotite), and feldspars. These observations were confirmed by cathodoluminescence imagery, revealing heterogeneous pastes with varied granulometric distributions. The XRD patterns indicated the presence of the mineral phases, indicating a firing temperature below 900 °C. The wheel-made ceramics have a fine, compact matrix with very fine inclusions (<40 µm). On the other hand, the hand-made ceramics present a coarse matrix, with inclusions whose granulometry reaches approximately 2 mm. The difference between these two types of ceramics is also confirmed by the mineralogical and chemical analysis. The wheel-made potsherds are more abundant in MgO, Al2O3, and CaO contents.

Natural or Artificial? Multi-Analytical Study of a Scagliola from Estoi Palace Simulating Imperial Red Porphyry

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1281-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Freire ◽  
António Santos Silva ◽  
Maria do Rosário Veiga ◽  
Jorge de Brito ◽  
Frank Schlütter
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIn this paper the characterization of a gypsum plaster sample from the end of the 19th century simulating imperial red porphyry using a multi-analytical approach is presented and discussed. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), physical and mechanical properties are summarized. In order to have further insight into the microstructure, polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and micro Raman spectroscopy analyzes were also made. They helped to clarify the main issues raised by the other complementary analytical techniques and allowed the establishment of interrelations between the different properties, providing important information about the materials, the skills, and the technological development involved in the art of imitating noble stones with gypsum pastes. This study also contributes to our knowledge concerning the preservation of these types of elements that are important in the context of European decorative arts and rarely reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Characterization of rutile passivation layers formed on Magnéli-phase titanium oxide inert anodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Ryan Rowles ◽  
Nicola V. Y. Scarlett ◽  
Ian C. Madsen ◽  
Katherine McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inert Anodes ◽  
Magnéli Phases ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Passivation Layers

Anex situcharacterization study has been performed on rutile passivation layers on inert anodes used for molten salt electrochemical studies. Rutile layer thicknesses were estimated using a number ofex situmethods, including laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. The only phases in the anode detected by diffraction were the Magnéli phases (TinO2n−1,n= 5–6) of the unreacted anode and rutile (TiO2), which forms on electrolysis. These measurements validate a previously developedin situenergy-dispersive X-ray diffraction analysis technique [Scarlett, Madsen, Evans, Coelho, McGregor, Rowles, Lanyon & Urban (2009).J. Appl. Cryst.42, 502–512].

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