Fitoterapia para o tratamento da diabetes: um estudo do potencial hipoglicemiante de plantas

Objetivo: Discorrer a atividade antidiabética e as suas principais formas de ação em meio ao distúrbio metabólico de insulina presentes na circulação sanguínea por plantas encontradas na biodiversidade vegetal do Brasil. Revisão bibliográfica: Quatro plantas empregadas como agentes medicinais foram escolhidas a fim de que a sua possível atuação através de extratos sobre o distúrbio de insulina presentes na circulação sanguínea, já reconhecida por alguns agrupamentos humanos, fosse identificado, as quais são: Bauhinia forficata, Pterocarpus marsupium roxburgh, Morus nigra L e Momordica charantia L. O estudo deu-se mediante a compilação de dados, os quais ponderam efeitos antidiabéticos contidos em cada uma das plantas descritas ao longo da pesquisa e os seus mecanismos de desempenho em relação à fisiologia do controle glicêmico no organismo, através de estudos pré-clínicos em sua maioria. Considerações finais: Foi possível demonstrar os efeitos positivos da fitoterapia através de cada uma das plantas explanadas ao longo da pesquisa no tratamento de diabetes, seja por seu efeito direto ou como coadjuvante durante a terapia.

Molecular Fingerprinting for Detecting Genetic Relationships among different Accessions of Pterocarpus marsupium

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. is a valuable multipurpose forest tree in India. Generally, it is valued greatly for its excellent wood qualities. Due to its significant multipurpose properties, this tree has been overexploited, which ultimately has led to its inclusion in the list of threatened species. In this regard, studying the genetic diversity in P. marsupium is not only significant for the protection of this species, but also necessary for the development and utilization of germplasm resources for its improvement. Before developing any tree improvement program, information on actual genetic diversity and the cryptic number of the differentiated genetic resource are important aids for its conservation and effective utilization. Thus, in the present study, analysis of phylogenetic relationship among P. marsupium species plays an important role in the identification and selection of elite genotype among the wildly distributed accessions. The phylogenetic relationship among 18 genotypes obtained from various forest regions of central India was studied using DNA based molecular markers. In RAPD analysis, out of 40 scorable amplified bands, 29 were polymorphic resulting in expression of polymorphism percentage (73.2%) with an average of 2.90 amplicons per primer. Based on RAPD analysis, the lowest (37%) similarities among accessions were recorded in Anuppur (MAA), Mandla (MMK) and Jabalpur (MJH) and the highest similarity (100%) were observed among Mandla (MMK), Jablapur (MJH); Jashpur (CJM), Surguja (CSA), Bilaspur (CBP) and Durg (CDB) and Raigarh (CRK) accessions. While the ISSR analysis found 66 amplified bands, 45 were polymorphous and average 68.3 percent polymorphic with an average 4.5 bands per oligo. The lowest (36%) similarity was observed among Anuppur (MAA) and Jabalpur (MJH) accessions and the highest similarity (88%) was recorded among Jashpur (CJM), Chhindwara (MCD) and Bilaspur (CBP) accessions. The combined analysis data of RAPD and ISSR showed that Chandrapur (RCC) and Anuppur's (MAA) acessions had the lowest (35%) similarity, with Jabalpur's (MJHs) and Mandla's (MMKs) accession being the highest similarities (100%) reported. As a result, the study of genetic diversity by means of RAPD and ISSR markers alone or in combination, i.e. the MAA, CKB and CRK accessions, was found to be more diverse among 18 accessions of Central India and given greater space for the collection of elite/superior trees to be used in conservation and forest development programs. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Phytoassisted synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium rox.b heartwood extract and its biomedical applications

Background Unlike chemical techniques, the combination of metal oxide nanoparticles utilizing plant concentrate is a promising choice. The purpose of this work was to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) utilizing heartwood aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium. The heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium is rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids that can be used as a green source for large-scale, simple, and eco-friendly production of MgO-NPs. The phytoassisted synthesis of MgO is characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The formation of MgO-NPs is confirmed by a visual color change from colorless to dark brown and they displayed a wavelength of 310 nm in UV-Spectrophotometry analysis. The crystalline nature of the obtained biosynthesized nanoparticles are revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM results revealed the synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles formed by this cost-effective method are spherically shaped with an average size of < 20 nm. The presence of magnesium and oxygen were confirmed by the EDS data. TEM analysis proved the spherical shape of the nanoparticles with average particle size of 13.28 nm and SAED analysis confirms the crystalline nature of MgO-NPs. FT-IR investigation confirms the existence of the active compounds required to stabilize the magnesium oxide nanoparticles with hydroxyl and carboxyl and phenolic groups that act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. All the nanoparticles vary in particle sizes between 15 and 25 nm and obtained a polydispersity index value of 0.248. The zeta-potential was measured and found to be − 2.9 mV. Further, MgO-NPs were tested for antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) by minimum inhibitory concentration technique were found to be potent against both the bacteria. The blended nanoparticles showed good antioxidant activity examined by the DPPH radical scavenging method, showed good anti-diabetic activity determined by alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, and displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity evaluated by the albumin denaturation method. Conclusions The investigation reports the eco-friendly, cost-effective method for synthesizing magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium Rox.b heartwood extract with biomedical applications. Graphical abstract