scholarly journals Coal Moisture Variations in Response to Rainfall Event in Mines and Coal-Fired Power Plant Stockpiles—Part 1: Runoff, Infiltration, and Drainage

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Quentin Peter Campbell ◽  
Marco le Roux ◽  
Fardis Nakhaei
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Fine Content ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
And Migration

Excessive coal moisture leads to a lower heating value and power plant efficiency, and increased transportation costs. Therefore, coal stockpile management and moisture control are particularly important in regions with heavy precipitation. This paper and Part 2 address factors influencing moisture retention and migration in coal stockpiles. Part 1 of this paper series simulates phenomena of runoff, infiltration, and drainage in a stockpile after a rainfall event. Part 2 reports the effect of coal particle size and climate conditions on the rate and depth of moisture evaporation process within a coal stockpile. To perform this study, two coal samples were collected from the Witbank mine in South Africa. The results of the present study showed that smaller interparticulate void spaces because of the compaction or fines particles (−0.5 mm fraction) inhibited infiltration, leading to increased runoff volume. An increase stockpile slope increased the amount of runoff due to coal–water contact time reduction. The ability of heavy rainfall to destroy near-surface structures (erosion) happened more readily at stockpiles with high slopes and high fine content. The fine content significantly influenced the dewatering efficiency of drainage. Coals with higher ash contents had stronger moisture retention ability than that of other coals even though coals with low ash contents had a high fine content. This was ascribed to the contribution of the clay minerals, such as kaolinite, in the high ash coal. The results of this paper can be used for the effective management of coal stockpiles to prevent excessive moisture in stockpiles for the best possible utilisation of coal in power plants.

scholarly journals Investigation of the energy efficiency of PV solar power plant installed at the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Milosavljevic ◽  
Tomislav Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Calculated Energy ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
And Mathematics

The paper provides basic information on the 2 kWp PV solar power plant with monocrystalline silicon solar modules installed on the roof of the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics (FSM), University of Nis, and the equipment for the investigation of its energy efficiency depending on the real climate conditions. Furthermore, results of the simulation and experimental determination of the energy efficiency of the PV solar power plant at FSM in Nis, in the period from July 1, 2013 to January 1, 2014, are given. It was found that in this time period the average values of the experimental and simulation calculated energy efficiencies of the PV solar power plant were 9.52% and 8.44%, respectively. The increase in the ambient temperature caused a decrease in the PV solar power plant energy efficiency; with an increase in ambient temperature by 1 ?C, the experimental energy efficiency decreased by 0.22%, and the simulation calculated energy efficiency decreased by 0.07%. The obtained data could be used for the planning and application of PV solar power plants in places with a similar climate.

The Effects of Ion Implantation on the Surface Features of Inconel 600

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
John D. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Steam Generator Tubing

The degradation of steam generator tubing at nuclear power plants has become an important problem for the electric utilities generating nuclear power. The material used for the tubing, Inconel 600, has been found to be succeptible to intergranular attack (IGA). IGA is the selective dissolution of material along its grain boundaries. The author believes that the sensitivity of Inconel 600 to IGA can be minimized by homogenizing the near-surface region using ion implantation. The collisions between the implanted ions and the atoms in the grain boundary region would displace the atoms and thus effectively smear the grain boundary.To determine the validity of this hypothesis, an Inconel 600 sample was implanted with 100kV N2+ ions to a dose of 1x1016 ions/cm2 and electrolytically etched in a 5% Nital solution at 5V for 20 seconds. The etched sample was then examined using a JEOL JSM25S scanning electron microscope.

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

Human reliability in non-destructive inspections of nuclear power plant components: modeling and analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanderley Vasconcelos ◽  
Wellington Antonio Soares ◽  
Raissa Oliveira Marques ◽  
Silvério Ferreira Silva Jr ◽  
Amanda Laureano Raso
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Plant Components

Non-destructive inspection (NDI) is one of the key elements in ensuring quality of engineering systems and their safe use. This inspection is a very complex task, during which the inspectors have to rely on their sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills. It requires high vigilance once it is often carried out on large components, over a long period of time, and in hostile environments and restriction of workplace. A successful NDI requires careful planning, choice of appropriate NDI methods and inspection procedures, as well as qualified and trained inspection personnel. A failure of NDI to detect critical defects in safety-related components of nuclear power plants, for instance, may lead to catastrophic consequences for workers, public and environment. Therefore, ensuring that NDI is reliable and capable of detecting all critical defects is of utmost importance. Despite increased use of automation in NDI, human inspectors, and thus human factors, still play an important role in NDI reliability. Human reliability is the probability of humans conducting specific tasks with satisfactory performance. Many techniques are suitable for modeling and analyzing human reliability in NDI of nuclear power plant components, such as FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) and THERP (Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction). An example by using qualitative and quantitative assessesments with these two techniques to improve typical NDI of pipe segments of a core cooling system of a nuclear power plant, through acting on human factors issues, is presented.

Nonlinear Trend Analysis of Mill Fan System Vibrations for Predictive Maintenance and Diagnostics

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Mincho B. Hadjiski ◽  
Lyubka A. Doukovska ◽  
Stefan L. Kojnov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Predictive Maintenance ◽  
Nonlinear Trend ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Given

Abstract Present paper considers nonlinear trend analysis for diagnostics and predictive maintenance. The subject is a device from Maritsa East 2 thermal power plant a mill fan. The choice of the given power plant is not occasional. This is the largest thermal power plant on the Balkan Peninsula. Mill fans are main part of the fuel preparation in the coal fired power plants. The possibility to predict eventual damages or wear out without switching off the device is significant for providing faultless and reliable work avoiding the losses caused by planned maintenance. This paper addresses the needs of the Maritsa East 2 Complex aiming to improve the ecological parameters of the electro energy production process.

Features of antibodies against benzo[a]pyrene formation in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Ye. G. Polenok ◽  
S. A. Mun ◽  
L. A. Gordeeva ◽  
A. A. Glushkov ◽  
M. V. Kostyanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Immune Reactions

Introduction.Coal dust and coal fi ring products contain large amounts of carcinogenic chemicals (specifically benz[a]pyrene) that are different in influence on workers of coal mines and thermal power plants. Specific immune reactions to benz[a]pyrene therefore in these categories of workers can have specific features.Objective.To reveal features of antibodies specifi c to benz[a]pyrene formation in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants.Materials and methods.The study covered A and G class antibodies against benz[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp and IgG-Bp) in serum of 705 males: 213 donors of Kemerovo blood transfusion center (group 1, reference); 293 miners(group 2) and 199 thermal power plant workers (group 3). Benz[a]pyrene conjugate with bovine serum albumin as an adsorbed antigen was subjected to immune-enzyme assay.Results.IgA-Bp levels in the miners (Me = 2.7) did not differ from those in the reference group (Me = 2.9), but in the thermal power plant workers (Me = 3.7) were reliably higher than those in healthy men and in the miners (p<0.0001). Levels of IgG-Bp in the miners (Me = 5.0) appeared to be lower than those in the reference group (Me = 6.4; (p = 0.05). IgG-Bb level in the thermal power plantworkers (Me = 7.4) exceeded the parameters in the healthy donors and the miners (p<0.0001). Non-industrial factors (age and smoking) appeared tohave no influence on specific immune reactions against benz[a]pyrene in the miners and the thermal power plant workers.Conclusions.Specific immune reactions against benz[a]pyrene in the miners and the thermal power plant workers are characterized by peculiarities: the miners demonstrate lower levels of class A serum antibodies to benz[a]pyrene; the thermal power plant workers present increased serum levels of class G antibodies to benz[a]pyrene. These peculiarities result from only the occupational features, but do not depend on such factors as age, smoking and length of service at hazardous production. It is expedient to study specific immune reactions to benz[a]pyrene in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants, to evaluate individual oncologic risk and if malignancies occur.

Reliability Index of Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Plants using the Expected Energy Not Supplied Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9449-9456
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Reliability Index ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant

This paper proposes the reliability index of wind-solar hybrid power plants using the expected energy not supplied method. The location of this research is wind-solar hybrid power plants Pantai Baru, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The method to determine the reliability of the power plant is the expected energy not supplied (EENS) method. This analysis used hybrid plant operational data in 2018. The results of the analysis have been done on the Pantai Baru hybrid power plant about reliability for electric power systems with EENS. The results of this study can be concluded that based on the load duration curve, loads have a load more than the operating kW of the system that is 99 kW. In contrast, the total power contained in the Pantai Baru hybrid power plant is 90 kW. This fact makes the system forced to release the load. The reliability index of the power system in the initial conditions, it produces an EENS value in 2018, resulting in a total value of 2,512% or 449 kW. The EENS value still does not meet the standards set by the National Electricity Market (NEM), which is <0.002% per year. Based on this data, it can be said that the reliability of the New Coast hybrid power generation system in 2018 is in the unreliable category.

scholarly journals Impact of the Wind Turbine on the Parameters of the Electricity Supply to an Agricultural Farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7279
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Skibko ◽  
Magdalena Tymińska ◽  
Wacław Romaniuk ◽  
Andrzej Borusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Voltage Fluctuations ◽  
The Impact

Wind power plants are an increasingly common source of electricity located in rural areas. As a result of the high variability of wind power, and thus the generated power, these sources should be classified as unstable sources. In this paper, the authors attempted to determine the impact of wind turbine operation on the parameters of electricity supplied to farms located near the source. As a result of the conducted field tests, variability courses of the basic parameters describing the supply voltage were obtained. The influence of power plant variability on the values of voltage, frequency, and voltage distortion factor was determined. To estimate the capacity of the transmission lines, the reactive power produced in the power plant and its effect on the value of the power factor were determined. The conducted research and analysis showed that the wind power plant significantly influences voltage fluctuations in its immediate vicinity (the maximum value registered was close to 2%, while the value required by law was 2.5%). Although all the recorded values are within limits specified by the current regulations (e.g., the THD value is four times lower than the required value), wind turbines may cause incorrect operation of loads connected nearby. This applies mainly to cases where consumers sensitive to voltage fluctuations are installed in the direct vicinity of the power plant.

scholarly journals Estimating CO2 Emissions from Large Scale Coal-Fired Power Plants Using OCO-2 Observations and Emission Inventories

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Yaqin Hu ◽  
Yusheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Bottom Up

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased rapidly worldwide, aggravating the global greenhouse effect, and coal-fired power plants are one of the biggest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions in China. However, efficient methods that can quantify CO2 emissions from individual coal-fired power plants with high accuracy are needed. In this study, we estimated the CO2 emissions of large-scale coal-fired power plants using Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite data based on remote sensing inversions and bottom-up methods. First, we mapped the distribution of coal-fired power plants, displaying the total installed capacity, and identified two appropriate targets, the Waigaoqiao and Qinbei power plants in Shanghai and Henan, respectively. Then, an improved Gaussian plume model method was applied for CO2 emission estimations, with input parameters including the geographic coordinates of point sources, wind vectors from the atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate, and OCO-2 observations. The application of the Gaussian model was improved by using wind data with higher temporal and spatial resolutions, employing the physically based unit conversion method, and interpolating OCO-2 observations into different resolutions. Consequently, CO2 emissions were estimated to be 23.06 ± 2.82 (95% CI) Mt/yr using the Gaussian model and 16.28 Mt/yr using the bottom-up method for the Waigaoqiao Power Plant, and 14.58 ± 3.37 (95% CI) and 14.08 Mt/yr for the Qinbei Power Plant, respectively. These estimates were compared with three standard databases for validation: the Carbon Monitoring for Action database, the China coal-fired Power Plant Emissions Database, and the Carbon Brief database. The comparison found that previous emission inventories spanning different time frames might have overestimated the CO2 emissions of one of two Chinese power plants on the two days that the measurements were made. Our study contributes to quantifying CO2 emissions from point sources and helps in advancing satellite-based monitoring techniques of emission sources in the future; this helps in reducing errors due to human intervention in bottom-up statistical methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document