scholarly journals Characterization of Siliceous Nodules in Western Kefalonia Ιsland Greece: An Initial Approach to Their Formation and Diagenetic Characteristics

Minerals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Lampropoulou ◽  
Vayia Xanthopoulou ◽  
Małgorzata Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi ◽  
Petros Petrounias ◽  
Elena Zoumpouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Diagenetic Processes ◽  
Pelagic Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagenetic Evolution

In this study, siliceous nodules from the world-famous Myrtos beach, as well as from Avithos beach, in the western flanks of Kefalonia Island in Greece are examined by means of petrographical, mineralogical, geochemical and micropaleontological methods. The objectives of this study are to characterize the textural and compositional features of the nodules, with the aim to provide an initial interpretation of their origin and their diagenetic evolution. The studied siliceous nodules are hosted within Lower Cretaceous thin-bedded limestones at Myrtos and Upper Eocene limestones at Avithos. Nodules from both areas display a characteristic concentric texture at a macroscopic and microscopic scale. They both have a dense fine-grained siliceous sedimentary fabric, composed mainly of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz and moganite with common residual calcite in the case of Avithos. These results, and in particular the shape of the nodules, along the textural and compositional characteristics, indicate different conditions of formation in the two localities, both during the early epigenetic stages, as well as later during the diagenetic processes. Myrtos nodules originated from Si-precursors deposited in a pelagic environment, going through intense Si-replacement. Avithos nodules were deposited in a more proximal environment, being influenced by a less intense silicification. Nevertheless, the higher degree of recrystallization of Avithos samples indicates a syn- or post-diagenetic tectonic activity that resulted in the circulation of geothermal fluids. The conclusions drawn from this work demonstrate the usefulness of thorough studies of siliceous nodules in order to get a more comprehensive understanding of the initial depositional conditions, as well as diagenetic pathways and processes.

Representing Representations

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-234
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Argument Position ◽  
Attitude Ascriptions ◽  
De Re ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Modes Of Presentation ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Contents

This chapter champions the priority of objectual representations and reference to the world over fine-grained “inner” mental representations. The main argument rests upon demonstrating that our attitude ascriptions practices give priority to de re ascriptions of mental contents over de dicto ascriptions of mental contents. The argument thereby advances a rejection of the Fregean tradition that construes modes of presentations of objects as essential to the characterization of mental contents within attitude ascriptions. A novel argument is advanced invoking the evaluative commitments expressed with embedded referential slurring terms in argument position, showing them to reveal derogatory attitudes of the ascriber, not the ascribee, and then showing by analogy that the same obtains for existential and referential commitments: they do not typically invoke Fregean modes of presentation by which the ascribee cognizes the world. The chapter ends by reexamining substitution puzzles and the nature of de re belief.

scholarly journals Characterization of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Fang ◽  
Henrik Westh ◽  
Michael Kemp ◽  
Svend Ellermann-Eriksen ◽  
Bernhard O Palsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
The World ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Global Health Problem

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a major global health problem as it leads to hospital outbreaks all over the world and is becoming more difficult to treat due to its increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Optimization and development of new treatments of KP requires understanding of its population structure and AMR properties. Therefore, in this study, we collected and sequenced 491 KP strains from four major Danish microbiology departments covering 51% of the Danish population. The isolates were whole genome sequenced (WGS), phenotypically characterized and compared with 2,124 KP strains from 13 different countries (PATRIC strains). We found that while genomic content varies significantly across the Danish strains, they also differ significantly from strains from other countries, due to the lack of certain AMR sequence types (e.g. ST258 and ST307) in Denmark. Genomic and experimental analysis suggest that Danish strains contain fewer virulence mechanisms and are more susceptible to antimicrobials compared to strains from other countries, likely due to the relatively low antibiotic usage in Denmark where 70% of hospital antibiotic usage is penicillins. We also identified potential novel AMR determinants to tigecycline through statistical analysis of genomic and phenotypic data. To conclude, we obtained a more comprehensive understanding of the KP strains in Denmark and provided valuable insights for future experiments and strategies to combat AMR in KP.

scholarly journals The challenges, approaches, and used techniques of CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2395-2412
Author(s):  
Baudouin Dafflon ◽  
Nejib Moalla ◽  
Yacine Ouzrout
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Granularity Level ◽  
Human Component

AbstractThis work aims to review literature related to the latest cyber-physical systems (CPS) for manufacturing in the revolutionary Industry 4.0 for a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, approaches, and used techniques in this domain. Different published studies on CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0 paradigms through 2010 to 2019 were searched and summarized. We, then, analyzed the studies at a different granularity level inspecting the title, abstract, and full text to include in the prospective study list. Out of 626 primarily extracted relevant articles, we scrutinized 78 articles as the prospective studies on CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0. First, we analyzed the articles’ context to identify the major components along with their associated fine-grained constituents of Industry 4.0. Then, we reviewed different studies through a number of synthesized matrices to narrate the challenges, approaches, and used techniques as the key-enablers of the CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0. Although the key technologies of Industry 4.0 are the CPS, Internet of Things (IoT), and Internet of Services (IoS), the human component (HC), cyber component (CC), physical component (PC), and their HC-CC, CC-PC, and HC-PC interfaces need to be standardized to achieve the success of Industry 4.0.

scholarly journals The absence of the caffeine synthase gene is involved in the naturally decaffeinated status of Coffea humblotiana, a wild species from Comoro archipelago

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Raharimalala ◽  
Stephane Rombauts ◽  
Andrew McCarthy ◽  
Andréa Garavito ◽  
Simon Orozco-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Recombination Mechanism ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Caffeine Synthase ◽  
The World ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Chromosome Level

AbstractCaffeine is the most consumed alkaloid stimulant in the world. It is synthesized through the activity of three known N-methyltransferase proteins. Here we are reporting on the 422-Mb chromosome-level assembly of the Coffea humblotiana genome, a wild and endangered, naturally caffeine-free, species from the Comoro archipelago. We predicted 32,874 genes and anchored 88.7% of the sequence onto the 11 chromosomes. Comparative analyses with the African Robusta coffee genome (C. canephora) revealed an extensive genome conservation, despite an estimated 11 million years of divergence and a broad diversity of genome sizes within the Coffea genus. In this genome, the absence of caffeine is likely due to the absence of the caffeine synthase gene which converts theobromine into caffeine through an illegitimate recombination mechanism. These findings pave the way for further characterization of caffeine-free species in the Coffea genus and will guide research towards naturally-decaffeinated coffee drinks for consumers.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Empirical Characterization of Water as a Factor: Examples and Related Issues with the World Trade Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cazcarro ◽  
Albert E. Steenge
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Model ◽  
Selection Of

This article originates from the theoretical and empirical characterization of factors in the World Trade Model (WTM). It first illustrates the usefulness of this type of model for water research to address policy questions related to virtual water trade, water constraints and water scarcity. It also illustrates the importance of certain key decisions regarding the heterogeneity of water and its relation to the technologies being employed and the prices obtained. With regard to WTM, the global economic input–output model in which multiple technologies can produce a “homogeneous output”, it was recently shown that two different mechanisms should be distinguished by which multiple technologies can arise, i.e., from “technology-specific” or from “shared” factors, which implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We discuss and extend these characterizations, notably in relation to the real-world characterization of water as a factor (for which we use the terms technology specific, fully shared and “mixed”). We propose that the presence of these separate mechanisms results in the models being sensitive to relatively small variations in specific numerical values. To address this sensitivity, we suggest a specific role for specific (sub)models or key choices to counter unrealistic model outcomes. To support our proposal we present a selection of simulations for aggregated world regions, and show how key results concerning quantities, prices and rents can be subject to considerable change depending on the precise definitions of resource endowments and the technology-specificity of the factors. For instance, depending on the adopted water heterogeneity level, outcomes can vary from relatively low-cost solutions to higher cost ones and can even reach infeasibility. In the main model discussed here (WTM) factor prices are exogenous, which also contributes to the overall numerical sensitivity of the model. All this affects to a large extent our interpretation of the water challenges, which preferably need to be assessed in integrated frameworks, to account for the main socioeconomic variables, technologies and resources.

Area Studies and Desire: Towards a Genealogy

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Hye-Joon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Western Area ◽  
The World ◽  
38Th Parallel ◽  
The One

Area studies, as a newly fashionable field of academic research, needs to recognize its less likely precedents if it is going to secure for itself a fresh start. The question of “desire” is relevant here because it indicates the less value-free aspects in its genealogy. As shown in Emma Bovary's embellished representation of Paris at her provincial home, an understanding of an area often reflects the particular needs and desires of the one who understands that area. Such restricted and restricting views of an area repeats itself outside the world of literary fictions, as is shown by the example of Guizot's picture of Europe in which his own country is given a privileged place as the very center of Western civilization itself. An instructive case showing the thin line between the projected desire of one who strives to know a geographical area and the scientific purity of the labor itself is further offered by Napoleon Bonaparte's heavy reliance on Orientalist scholarship in his invasion of Egypt. Moving further east from Egypt to China, we witness the denigrating remarks on China made by the great German thinkers of the past century, Hegel and Weber. Although their characterization of Chinese culture could find echoes in unbiased empirical research, they reveal all the same the trace of Europeans' desire to affirm their superiority over the supposedly inferior and false civilization of the East. Similarly, the Americans who divided the Korean peninsular at the 38th Parallel, with unquestioning confidence in their knowledge of the area and in the justice of their action, rightfully deserve their place in the tradition of Western area studies of serving the needs to dominate, control and exploit an objectified overseas territory. He assumed that words had kept their meaning, that desires still pointed in a single direction, and that ideas retained their logic; and he ignored the fact that the world of speech and desires has known invasions, struggles, plundering, disguises, ploys. From these elements, however, genealogy retrieves an indispensable restraint: it must record the singularity of events outside of any monotonous finality; it must seek them in the most unpromising places, in what we tend to feel is without history—in sentiments, love, conscience, instincts; it must be sensitive to their recurrence, not in order to trace the gradual curve of their evolution, but to isolate the different scenes where they engaged in different roles. — Michel Foucault, “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” (Foucault 139–40).

Characterization of ultra-fine grained aluminum produced by accumulative back extrusion (ABE)

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Alihosseini ◽  
G. Faraji ◽  
A.F. Dizaji ◽  
K. Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Fine Grained

scholarly journals Characterization of three soybean landraces resistant to Asian soybean rust disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Nobuhiro Aoyagi ◽  
Yukie Muraki ◽  
Naoki Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
The World ◽  
Trait Locus

Abstract Phakopsora pachyrhizi is an obligatory biotrophic fungus that causes Asian soybean rust (ASR) disease. ASR control primarily involves chemical control and the use of resistant soybean cultivars carrying an Rpp (resistance to P. pachyrhizi) gene. This study aimed to characterize the ASR resistance of three soybean Asian landraces. By screening the world core collection (WC) of soybean, which consists of 80 varieties, three landraces were identified in Southeast Asia as resistant to ASR. Genetic mapping using the F2 population derived from a cross with an ASR-susceptible variety, BRS 184, indicated that KS 1034 (WC2) has ASR resistance conferred by a single dominant resistance gene, mapped on chromosome 18, in the same region where Rpp1 was mapped previously. The BRS 184 × WC61 (COL/THAI/1986/THAI-80) F2 population, on the other hand, showed an ASR resistance locus mapped by quantitative trait locus analysis on chromosome 6, in the region where the resistance conferred by PI 416764 Rpp3 resides, with a logarithm of the odds score peak at the same position as the marker, Satt079, while the BRS 184 × WC51 (HM 39) population showed the resistance to ASR allocated between Satt079 and Sat_263 markers, also in the region where Rpp3 was mapped previously. Both WC51 and WC61 have the same infection profile as FT-2 and PI 462312 when tested against the same ASR isolate panel. These three WCs can be used in MAS programs for introgression of Rpp1 and Rpp3 and the development of ASR-resistant cultivars in the breeding program.

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