scholarly journals Radioactivity of Five Typical General Industrial Solid Wastes and its Influence in Solid Waste Recycling

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Shen ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Qianlin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese Residue

The level of radionuclides is an important index for the preparation of building materials from industrial solid waste. In order to investigate the radiological hazard of five kinds of typical general industrial solid wastes in Guizhou, China, including fly ash (FA), red mud (RM), phosphorus slag (PS), phosphogypsum (PG), and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR), the radiation intensity and associated radiological impact were studied. The results show that concentrations of 238U, 235U, 232Th, 226Ra, 210Pb, and 40K for different samples vary widely. The concentration of 238U was both positively correlated with 235U and 226Ra, and the uranium contents in the measured samples were all of natural origin. The radiation levels of PG, EMR, EMR-Na (EMR activated by NaOH), and EMR-Ca (EMR activated by Ca(OH)2) were all lower than the Chinese and the world’s recommended highest levels for materials allowed to be directly used as building materials. The values of the internal and external illumination index (IRa and Iγ, respectively) for FA and RM were higher (IRa > 1.0 and Iγ > 1.3 for FA, IRa > 2.0 and Iγ > 2.0 for RM). The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), indoor and outdoor absorbed dose (Din and Dout, respectively), and corresponding annual effective dose rate (Ein and Eout) of RM, PS, and FA were higher than the recommended limit values (i.e., 370 Bq/kg, 84 nGy/h, 59 nGy/h, 0.4 mSv/y, and 0.07 mSv/y, respectively), resulting from the higher relative contribution of 226Ra and 232Th. The portion of RM, FA, and PS in building materials should be less than 75.44%, 29.72%, and 66.01%, respectively. This study provides quantitative analysis for the safe utilization of FA, RM, PS, PG, and EMR in Guizhou building materials.

Natural radioactivity in some building materials and assessment of the associated radiation hazards

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Ema Hankić ◽  
Amela Kasić ◽  
Feriz Adrović
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Radioactive Nuclides ◽  
Specific Activities

AbstractThe results of the specific activities of232Th,226Ra and40K measured in samples of commonly used building materials in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. Measurements were performed by gamma-ray spectrometer with coaxial HPGe detector. The surface radon exhalation and mass exhalation rates for selected building materials were also measured. The determined values of specific activities were in range from 3.16±0.81 Bq kg−1to 64.79±6.16 Bq kg−1for232Th, from 2.46±0.95 Bq kg−1to 53.89 ±3.67 Bq kg−1for226Ra and from 28.44±7.28 Bq kg−1to 557.30±93.38 Bq kg−1for40K. The radium equivalent activity, the activity concentration index, the external and internal hazard indices as well as the absorbed dose rate in indoor air and the corresponding annual effective dose, due to gamma-ray emission from the radioactive nuclides in the building material, were evaluated in order to assess the radiation hazards for people. The measured specific activities of the natural radioactive nuclides in all investigated building materials were compared with the published results for building materials from other European countries. It can be noted that the results from this study are similar to the data for building materials from neighbouring countries and for building materials used in the EU Member States. The radiological hazard parameters of the building materials were all within the recommended limits for safety use.

The Application of Industrial Waste in Landscaping

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 740-746
Author(s):  
Yi Jie Liu ◽  
Shu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Landscape Architect ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Modern Landscape

This thesis put the main emphasis on how to utilize the solid waste, that is the offscum, to apply into landscaping after reprocessing. This thesis starts form discussing the building materials in landscaping and the specialness of construction, then tries to analyze the structure of every element in landscape construction, tries to select the industrial waste that can be applied into landscape construction from numerous industrial waste recycling products, and give a brief introduction of its mechanism and method. Besides, this thesis calls on modern landscape architect to actively utilize the waste to construct landscape, for not only lower project cost, but also more environment protection. Keywords: industrial waste; landscape; utilize, environment

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN BUILDING MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Fei Tuo ◽  
Xuan Peng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Abstract Radioactivity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in a total of 92 samples, including eight commonly used types of building materials that were obtained from local manufacturers and suppliers in Beijing. Concentrations were determined using high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. The 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in all samples varied from 10.1 to 661, 3.3 to 555 and 3.2 to 2945 Bq per kg with an average of 127.8, 114.8, and 701.5 Bq per kg, respectively. The potential radiological hazards were estimated by calculating the absorbed dose rate (D), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard (Hex), and internal hazard (Hin) indices. The investigated building materials were classified into different types according to the radioactivity levels. Results from this research will provide a reference for the acquisition, sales, and use of building materials. Attention should be paid to the use of coal cinder brick, ceramic, and granite in the construction of dwellings.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Silicate Minerals on Silicon Activation by Ochrobactrum sp. T-07-B

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lv ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Zhenxing Chen ◽  
Xingyu Liu ◽  
Bowei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Silicon Source ◽  
High Silicon Content ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese Residue ◽  
Morphology And Structure

Abstract As a kind of solid waste with a high silicon content, electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) can be utilized as silicon source by plants through bioleaching processes. EMR contains a variety of silicate minerals. In order to determine the source of available silicon in the bioleaching process of EMR, it is necessary to investigate the influence of silicate minerals in EMR on silicon-activating behavior of specific minerals. In this study, Ochrobactium sp. T-07-B was used to conduct bioleaching experiments on five kinds of silicate minerals with different structures (quartz, muscovite, biotite, olivine, and rhodonite); the growth of Ochrobactium sp. T-07-B, their acid- and polysaccharide-producing capacity, and evolution of surface morphology and structure of the silicate minerals in different systems were determined, so as to explore the silicon-activating capacity of Ochrobactium sp. T-07-B and the selectivity toward different minerals in the bioleaching process. Results showed that the effects of Ochrobactium sp. T-07-B for different silicate minerals were obviously different, and the sequence of silicon-activating efficiency from high to low was as follows: muscovite > biotite > rhodonite > olivine > quartz. Results of this study may be of guiding significance for the future research on the silicon-activating of solid waste.

scholarly journals The Status of Recyclable Solid Wastes at Sadar Upazila of Noakhali, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tanuja Barua ◽  
Papia Sultana Kanon ◽  
Mehedi Hasan Munna
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Solid Waste Recycling

Most of the cities in the world, a solid waste recycling process is a part of the effective and sustainable waste management system. Although the local authorities ignore the recyclable solid waste materials during waste management activity, a number of self-waste collectors and dealers have been performing recycling activity as a source of acquirement for long periods of time in Bangladesh. In our present study, a traditional recycling practice of solid waste was executed and analyzed in Sadar Upazila of Noakhali, Bangladesh. This study also identified a complete concatenation from waste collectors to recycling industries in different private sectors. The study revealed that 41% metal, 37% paper, 14% tin and 8% plastic of Sonapur was recycled daily. On the other hand, the study also revealed that 44% metal, 21% paper, 19% tin and 16% plastic of Maijdee was recycled daily. The shop owners were only interested with Recyclable Solid Wastes (RSW). RSW collected by the shop owners including glass, paper, plastic, iron, tin etc. All the recyclable materials were collected and transported in different industries of Dhaka. For new products, those retrieved materials were used as raw materials.

scholarly journals Research Status and Environmental Protection Disposal of Recycled Electrolytic Manganese Residue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Liu ◽  
Chao-qiang Wang ◽  
De-ming Huang ◽  
Qi-cong Huang ◽  
Pei-xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Standard Requirement ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese Residue ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Manganese Slag ◽  
Chinese Standard

Abstract Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a common industrial solid waste. The ammonia and manganese components contained in it will pollute the soil environment and have potential risks to human health. Under the premise of investigating the production of electrolytic manganese slag and conventional processes, it is found that the traditional harmless treatment methods of electrolytic manganese slag are still mainly lime solidification, cement solidification, and fly ash solidification, and the resource utilization directions such as cement, concrete, non-sintered bricks, road bases, etc. are mainly used. But, EMR contains ammonia nitrogen, and manganese (prone to leaching) that difficult to meeting environmental protection requirements by using general cement cementitious material solidification. Therefore, this study focused on manufacturing new eco-friendly bricks with EMR using calcination process. Specifically, the physical performance and environmental characterization of the sintered bricks were investigated. Furthermore, the sintering behavior and crystallization of all bricks containing EMR were studied using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The results showed the EMR leaching solution contained 1256 mg/L and 8120 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and manganese, respectively, both of them exceeds Chinese standards (GB 8978-1996). Because of EMR is rich in Fe2O3 and K2O, it greatly promotes particle rearrangement and transfer in the EMR system, reducing the sintering temperature. The compressive strength, leaching performance and radioactivity of sintered bricks with EMR all met the state standard requirement for "sintered common bricks" (GB/T 5101-2017) and (GB 8978). The product can be used as bricks of MU20 grade of Chinese standard. The study provides an effective method for the safe and environmentally friendly disposal of EMR.

scholarly journals Recycling and reuse of solid wastes; a hub for ecofriendly, ecoefficient and sustainable soil, concrete, wastewater and pavement reengineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Chibuzor Onyelowe ◽  
Duc Bui Van ◽  
Obiekwe Ubachukwu ◽  
Charles Ezugwu ◽  
Bunyamin Salahudeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Supplementary Cementing Materials ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste Recycling

Abstract Ecofriendly, ecoefficient and sustainable civil engineering work has been research with emphasis on adapting the byproducts of solid waste recycling and reuse to achieving infrastructural activities with low or zero carbon emission. The direction combustion model, the solid waste incinerator caustic soda oxides of carbon entrapment model (SWI-NaOH-OCEM) developed by this research has achieved a zero carbon release. This research adopted the literature search method to put together research results of previous works relevant to the aim of this present work. It has been shown that CO and CO2 emissions can be contained during the derivation of alternative or supplementary cementing materials used in the replacement of ordinary Portland cement in civil engineering works. In the overall assessment of the present review work has left the environment free of the hazards of CO and CO2 emissions. It was shown that these supplementary cementing materials derived from solid wastes improve the engineering properties of treated soft clay and expansive soils, concrete, and asphalt. Bio-peels, another form solid waste has been established as a good detoxificant used in treating wastewater. It has been shown that solid waste recycling and reuse is a hub to achieving ecofriendly, ecoefficient and sustainable infrastructural development on the global scale.

Manganese Removal from Electrolytic Manganese Residue Using Ozone

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
Wen Qiang Yang ◽  
Juan An ◽  
Xiao Li Yuan ◽  
Wen Tang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese Residue ◽  
Initial Ph

This paper deals with experimental investigations related to removal of manganese (II) from electrolytic manganese residues by using ozone as oxidant. Ozone was used in this study to oxidize manganese converting bivalent manganese to high valence states, the oxidized salts will precipitate as manganese oxides, that to reach the concentration of the pollutant under its limit values in water. Effects of reaction temperature, reaction contact time and initial pH value on the manganese (II) removal were investigated. The results indicated that the removal rate exceeded 99.9 percent, and the manganese (II) in solution was lower than 0.1 mg·L-1 under the conditions of reaction temperature 45 °C, reaction contact time 40 min and initial pH 12.

scholarly journals Shear Testing of the Interfacial Friction Between an HDPE Geomembrane and Solid Waste

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Luming Zhou ◽  
Zhende Zhu ◽  
Zhenpeng Yu ◽  
Cong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Interfacial Friction ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane is often used as an anti-seepage material in domestic and industrial solid waste landfills. To study the interfacial shear strength between the HDPE anti-seepage geomembrane and various solid wastes, we performed direct shear tests on the contact interface between nine types of industrial solid waste or soil (desulfurization gypsum, fly ash, red mud, mercury slag, lead-zinc slag, manganese slag, silica fume, clay and sand) and a geomembrane with a smooth or rough surface in Guizhou Province, China. Friction strength parameters like the interfacial friction angle and the apparent cohesion between the HDPE geomembrane and various solid wastes were measured to analyze the shear strength of the interface between a geomembrane with either a smooth or a rough surface and various solid wastes. The interfacial shear stress between the HDPE geomembrane and the industrial solid waste increased with shear displacement and the slope of the stress-displacement curve decreased gradually. When shear displacement increased to a certain range, the shear stress at the interface remained unchanged. The interfacial shear strength between the geomembrane with a rough surface and the solid waste was higher than for the geomembrane with a smooth surface. Consequentially, the interfacial friction angle for the geomembrane with a rough surface was larger. The geomembrane with a rough surface had a better shear resistance and the shear characteristics fully developed when it was in full contact with the solid waste.

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