Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of Lantana camara Leaf Extract

The present study was focused on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E. fluctuans in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in the gill, liver, brain, and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant E. fluctuans. Enydra fluctuans Lour is an edible semiaquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant, the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of E. fluctuans were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on the intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of the villi structure and fusion of villi the membrane and detachment of the villi structure from the basal membrane of the intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of the basal epithelial membrane in the gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in the brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of the brain.

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Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of b-mangostin Isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens

Pharmacognosy Journal ◽

10.5530/pj.2014.1.8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suvitha Syam ◽

Ahmad Bustamam ◽

Rasedee Abdullah ◽

Mohamed Aspollah Sukari ◽

Najihah Mohd Hashim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

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Acute toxicity of Leaf extracts of Enydra fluctuans Lour in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)

10.1101/2020.03.27.012021 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jobi Xavier ◽

Kshetrimayum Kripasana

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Histopathological Studies ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

AbstractThe present study was focused on the concentration dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E. fluctuans in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in gill, liver, brain and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant E. fluctuans. Enydra fluctuans Lour is an edible semi-aquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of E. fluctuans were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of villi structure and fusion of villi membrane and detachment of villi structure from basal membrane of intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of basal epithelial membrane in gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of brain.

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ORAL ACUTE TOXICITY AND RED BLOOD CYTOTOXICITY OF THE MEDICINAL HALOPHYTE LIMONIASTRUM GUYONIANUM LEAF EXTRACT

FARMACIA ◽

10.31925/farmacia.2020.6.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1136-1146

Author(s):

ABDERRAHIM BENKHALED

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

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Acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/v10102-011-0031-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 206-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

George Asare ◽

Phyllis Addo ◽

Kwasi Bugyei ◽

Ben Gyan ◽

Samuel Adjei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Female Rats ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Oral Gavage ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract ofPhyllanthus niruriPhyllanthus niruriis a plant with medicinal properties. It is often used to treat mild malaria and the elimination of renal stones. However, studies on its toxicity are scarce. The study was carried out to determine if the aqueous leaf extract ofP. niruriadministered to female Sprague-Dawley rats would illicit evidence of toxicity. Fifteen female rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into 3 groups. Rats in Group 1 were given a single low dose (LD) of 2 000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract by oral gavage within 24 hrs. Rats in Group 2 were given a single high dose (HD) of 5 000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract by oral gavage within 24 hrs. Rats in Group 3 were not given any extract but drinking water and served as the control group (C). All the rats were observed for signs of toxidromes for 14 days. On the 15thday, all the rats were sacrificed. Body organs were harvested for macroscopic examination. Urine and blood samples were drawn and analyzed. Hematological tests performed included full blood count and hemoglobin. Biochemical examinations included bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatse (ALP), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), urea, and creatinine. The results of the three groups were not significantly different. Examination of the various body organs did not show any abnormality. Thus no toxicity was observed at the levels administered. The LD50of the aqueous extract is > 5 000 mg/kg. b.w.

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Acute toxicity studies of the leaf extract of Ficus exasperata on haematological parameters, body weight and body temperature

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 302-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

E.E. Bafor ◽

O. Igbinuwen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Toxicity Studies

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Fungicidal Effect and Oral Acute Toxicity of Cassia spectabilis Leaf Extract

Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi ◽

10.3314/jjmm.49.299 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S Sangetha ◽

Z Zuraini ◽

S Sasidharan ◽

S Suryani

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Fungicidal Effect ◽

Cassia Spectabilis ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

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ORAL ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF RED BETEL LEAF (Piper crocatum) AS PERIODONTAL POCKET THERAPY (As Seen From Mortality Rate, Weight Changing, And Relative Organ Index Of Swiss Webster Mice)

Jurnal Ilmiah dan Teknologi Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.32509/jitekgi.v17i1.1323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dewi Lidya Ichwana Nasution

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Oral Route ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Organ Index ◽

The Subject ◽

The One ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) contains useful chemical compounds like alkaloid, saponin, tannin, and flavonoid which have an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics. Previous research shows red betel leaf has a better bactericidal profile than the green ones. The red betel leaf extract is already proven to disturbing the growth of periodontal causative bacteria in an earlier study. Any ingredient or chemical contents on food and drug shall run a toxicity test before permitted to use generally. This study’s purpose is to investigate the acute toxicity effect of red betel leaf extract as a periodontal pocket therapy ingredient. The acute toxicity experimental is conducted on Swiss webster mice which divided into six groups consisting of 4 males and four females each. The dose given to the subject is a single dose by the oral route as amount as the twice maximal tolerated dose that is 10000, 5000, 2500, 1250, and 625 mg/kg BW. The weight of mice is measured every day from day-1 until day-14 after that (on day-15) the mice are cut to counting relative organ index. The collected data is analyzed using The One-way ANOVA test and continues with the posthoc Tucay test. This study result shows that red betel leaf extract with doses 10000, 5000, 2500, 1250, and 625 mg/kg BW given acutely doesn’t generate a significant change in weight and relative organ index of the test’s subject. Based on this result, it can be concluded that red betel leaf extract is not toxic.

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Toxicity Studies of Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth Leaf Extract in Rats

Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

M. M. Onakpa

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Striga Hermonthica ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Striga hermonthica is a ubiquitous hemi-parasitic plant commonly known as witch-weed and is used in West Africa as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of an array of diseases. In this study, methanol leaf extract of S. hermonthica was used to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects in male Wistar rats. In the acute toxicity studies, Wistar rats were divided into six groups comprising of negative control and extract treated groups (250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of extract orally). The rats were observed for 72 hours while in the sub-acute oral toxicity studies, the rats were divided into 4 groups consisting of 5 rats per group. The extract was administered orally at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg daily for 28 days to groups II, III and IV respectively while group I (negative control) received 2 ml of distilled water. The dose of 2000 mg/kg did not cause any mortality or signs of toxicity in the treated rats during the acute and subacute toxicity studies did not show any treatment-related abnormalities in the hematological (RBC, Hb, WBC, Lymphocytes) and biochemical (AST, ALT, ALP, TB, Glucose, HDL, LDL, Total protein, Albumin) parameters while the liver revealed lesions in the histopathology studies, there were no treatment-related lesions observed in the heart, lungs, pancreas and kidney whereas, the weight of rats did not show significant difference (p > 0.05) between the control and the treated groups. The study showed that S. hermonthica caused hepatotoxicity and could be potentially harmful for use. A more comprehensive research is recommended to investigate on its safe use and mode of action.

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