scholarly journals Toxicity Studies of Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth Leaf Extract in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
M. M. Onakpa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Striga hermonthica is a ubiquitous hemi-parasitic plant commonly known as witch-weed and is used in West Africa as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of an array of diseases. In this study, methanol leaf extract of S. hermonthica was used to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects in male Wistar rats. In the acute toxicity studies, Wistar rats were divided into six groups comprising of negative control and extract treated groups (250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of extract orally). The rats were observed for 72 hours while in the sub-acute oral toxicity studies, the rats were divided into 4 groups consisting of 5 rats per group. The extract was administered orally at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg daily for 28 days to groups II, III and IV respectively while group I (negative control) received 2 ml of distilled water. The dose of 2000 mg/kg did not cause any mortality or signs of toxicity in the treated rats during the acute and subacute toxicity studies did not show any treatment-related abnormalities in the hematological (RBC, Hb, WBC, Lymphocytes) and biochemical (AST, ALT, ALP, TB, Glucose, HDL, LDL, Total protein, Albumin) parameters while the liver revealed lesions in the histopathology studies, there were no treatment-related lesions observed in the heart, lungs, pancreas and kidney whereas, the weight of rats did not show significant difference (p > 0.05) between the control and the treated groups. The study showed that S. hermonthica caused hepatotoxicity and could be potentially harmful for use. A more comprehensive research is recommended to investigate on its safe use and mode of action.

Potential Antiseptic of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves extract on Healing wound in Male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 3143-3149
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Purwanti Ningsih ◽  
Noorlaila Noorlaila ◽  
Ikhwan Rizki Muhammad ◽  
Windy Yuliana Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Background: The process of wound healing is influenced by various factors such as age, hormones, and wound care. Wound care is done to accelerate wound healing which can be done by various methods, one of them is traditional care. Traditional wound care can use medicinal plants. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant that has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antibacterial content. Thus this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiseptic solution of the Rodhomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract on wound healing in male Wistar rats. Method: this research is pure experimental research with post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract 15%, 30%, and 60%. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethano solvent. The extraction results are divided into 3 concentrations (15%, 30% and 60%). The wound healing process was evaluated by measuring the length of the wound manually from 0 to 10 days in each group. Meanwhile, the number of fibroblast cells was calculated through hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and observed using an Olympus CX41 microscope with a 10x magnification and objective lens magnification in 3 fields. Result: There was a significant difference in the reduction in wound length (p =< 0,000) between the five experimental groups (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract solution 15%, 30% and 60%, negative control and positive control. Solution of rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract accelerated the increase in the number of fibroblasts compared to the negative control group (p = 0.003), but did not make a difference (p = 0.403) with the positive control group. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction solution had the same microscopic effect on the number of fibroblasts with a positive control group given 0.9% NaCl solution. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between all groups, but no difference in wound healing length.

scholarly journals Hepato-Renal Activities of Hydro-Methanol Leaf Extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius in Adult Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Ijeoma Ezebuiro ◽  
Avweresuoghene Ododo ◽  
Uchechukwu Ifeanyichukwu Apugo
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Introduction: Medicinal plants such as Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (CA) have been studied over the years for their protective and curative potentials against a myriad of common global health challenges such as hepatorenal injuries. Objectives: To ascertaining the effects of the hydromethanol leaf extract of CA (HMLECA) on hepato-renal parameters in adult male wistar rats. Method: A total of 18 adult male wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of six rats each. Group I served as the negative control which received distilled water while groups 2 and 3 served as extract treatment groups which received 200 and 400 mg/kg BW of the HMLECA respectively. The administration was daily for a period of 58 days while blood sample for the biochemical analysis was drawn via cardiac puncture at the end of the study following light chloroform anaesthesia. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the administration of both doses of the extract produced no significant (P<0.05) effect on the levels of serum liver enzyme (AST, ALT, ALP), TP, ALB, electrolytes (K+, Na+ and HCO3–), Creatinine and Urea while that of the 400 mg/kg BW produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in the level of TB and Cl –. Hence, the administration of the leaf extract in this study did not elicit any toxic effect on both the liver and kidney functions and could be effective as hepato-renal protective agent. Keywords: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Liver function, Liver enzymes, Renal function, Serum biochemicals, Serum electrolytes

acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract of launaea taraxacifolia (willd.) in wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Millicent Umaru ◽  
Kabiru Abubakar ◽  
Gabriel Uyaiabasi ◽  
Giaze Tijjani ◽  
Yusuf Alkali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Terminalia arjuna Against DBTC Induced Pancreatic Cancer in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Kadiyala Harshitha ◽  
Uma Sankar Gorla
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Per Oral

Aims: To study the protective effect of hydroalcoholic bark extract of Terminalia arjuna against DBTC induced pancreatic cancer in male wistar rats. Study design: Healthy male Wistar Albino rats weighing 150-200 g were segregated into four groups (n=6). Group I was considered as normal control, received normal saline (0.9%w/v, 1 ml/kg body weight, orally). Group II rats were treated with DBTC (6 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) which served as negative control. Group III and IV received Terminalia arjuna Linn bark hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 250 mg/kg body weight, per oral and 500 mg/kg body weight, per oral respectively. Place and Duration of Study: University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, between May 2020 and July 2020. Methodology: The experimental animals were segregated into four groups of six rats each. According to acute toxicity data, 250 mg/kg as low dose and 500 mg/kg as high dose of the test compound have been chosen for administration. All the drugs were given for 28 consecutive days to all the respective groups with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. The assessment of serum parameters such as α-Amylase, Lipase and blood glucose levels were carried out on 1st day, 14th day and 28th day to the respective groups. Results: Pretreated groups of Terminalia arjuna Linn bark hydroalcoholic extract (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, orally) showed significant (‘#’p<0.001) decrease in the levels of α-Amylase, Lipase and glucose in the blood when compared to DBTC (6 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) induced group which served as negative control. Conclusion: This study suggests that Terminalia arjuna may have a protective role against DBTC induced pancreatic cancer in male wistar rats and further investigation may be required to confirm its therapeutic potentials clinically.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM WEIGHT METHANOLIC EXTRACT ON ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVANI P ◽  
RAJA NAIKA
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The object of the present study, the methanolic leaf extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium was examined for anti-inflammatory activity and tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were grouped into five, each group consisting of six animals, Group I (negative control) received 1 ml of saline, Group II (standard) received 10 mg/kg p. o. of indomethacin, and remaining three groups received three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p. o.) of the methanolic leaf extract after 1 h 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan injection. The result of anti-inflammatory activity was set up to be dose-dependent in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Results: The methanolic leaf extract has shown significant (p<0.001) inhibition of paw edema, 66%, 66.03%, and 69.29% on the 3rd h at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p. o., respectively. The results were expressed as the Mean±standard error of mean and statistical significance was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. The methanolic leaf of Z. ovalifolium extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with the standard drug indomethacin. Conclusion: Methanolic leaf extract of Z.ovalifolium showed excellent results in the anti-inflammatory experiment so, the plant can be explored as a potential medicine in suppressing inflammation.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Evaluation and Acute Toxicity Study of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Acalypha wilkesiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-720
Author(s):  
Anthony Osamuyi Iyamu ◽  
Uwaifoh Akpamu ◽  
Karen Uwarobehi Iyamu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana

Increased curiosity on natural plant products has been raised due to problems of cost, unavailability, and after-effects of countless synthetic drugs. Worrisome, many plant-derived formulations lack phytochemically or toxicological screening. Hence, this study phytochemical and elemental screened the ethanolic leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana and as well as determining acute toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. The leaves were obtained in Benin City, Nigeria. Ethanol extraction was carried out on leaves and the extract was subjected to proximate, qualitative, and quantitative phytochemical screening and elemental analysis. Acute toxicity was determined on 12 adult male Wistar rats following Lork’s method. Proximate analysis revealed a high presence of carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and moisture. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation showed the abundance of alkaloids (68.7 ± 0.120%), flavonoids (34.7 ± 0.001%) and minute (<1mg/g) saponins, tannins, phenol, and terpenes. The extract contain nutritive (vitamin E = 1.184 ± 0.055µg/g; vitamin A = 0.0066 ± 0.003µg/g; vitamin C = 0.046 ± 0.037µg/g) and anti-nutritive (oxalates = 229.780 ± 16.93mg/100g; cyanide=0.162 ± 0.006 mg/100g; phytate = 0.131 ± 0.01mg/100g) elements. The elemental evaluation showed an abundance of potassium, sodium, and chloride with traces of cadmium and lead and the absence of manganese and copper. There was no sign of acute toxicity or mortality at an extract dose of 5000mg/kg. These findings indicate the ethanol leaf extract of A. wilkesiana as a rich source of phytochemicals and major macro elements and high safety at 5000mg/kg dose. Considering the several components in the leaves extract, Acalypha wilkesiana leaf might be pharmacological significant for the biological system.

scholarly journals The effect of meniran herbs extract (Phyllantus niruri) to triglycerides blood level in wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
JUDO YUSTANTO KAHONO ◽  
KISRINI KISRINI ◽  
YUL MARIYAH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group Ii

Kahono JY, Kisrini, Mariyah Y. 2012. The effect of meniran herbs (Phyllantus niruri) extract to blood triglyceride level in rats. Biofarmasi 10: 23-27. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of meniran herbs (Phyllantus niruri L.) extract to blood triglycerides level in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This experiment was a laboratory experiment with pre and post-test with a control group design. The samples were 30 male Wistar rats with ±200 gram of body weight and ±2 months old. The samples were divided into five groups by using a purposive random sampling technique and each group consisted of six rats. Group I as a negative control, group II as a positive control, and groups III, IV and V as meniran herbs extract groups with first dose, second dose, and third dose. All rats were simultaneously given with hyperlipemic feed. Group II was simultaneously administered with Cholvastin 0.5 mg/200 grams body weight/day. Groups III, IV and V were simultaneously treated with meniran herbs extract at dose of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/200 grams body weight/day. The total period of this experiment was 21 days. At the day 1st and 21st, blood was collected from rat orbital venous plexus. Serum was analyzed for their pre and post-test blood triglycerides. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc test. The value of p=0.002 (p<0.05) showed there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in delta means of blood triglycerides level among groups. Meniran herbs extract had a significant triglycerides lowering effect against blood triglycerides level of Wistar rats. The most potential of meniran herbs extract dose was 100 mg/200 gram body weight/day.

Evaluation of acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of ethanolic root extract of Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr., an ethnomedicinal plant used by the Kani tribe of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragesh R Nair
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Sex

The aim of the study was to evaluate the acute oral and sub-acute toxicity of ethanolic root extract of Tetracera akara in Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats. Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr. has been used as traditional medicine by the Kani tribe of Kerala to cure liver diseases. In acute toxicity studies, four groups of mice (n = 5/group/sex) were orally treated with doses of 0.625 g, 1.25 g, 2.5 g and 5.0 g/kg and mortality were recorded. In the sub-acute toxicity study, animals received T. akara extract at the doses of 0.1 g, 0.5 g and 2.5 g/kg/day (n = 5/group/sex) for 28 days, biochemical, hematological, morphological and histopathological parameters were determined. T. akara did not produce any mortality in the acute toxicity studies, showing LD50 higher than 5 g/kg. Sub-acute treatment with T. akara didn’t cause any changes in body weight gain, hematological, biochemical profiles when compared to normal control. In addition, no changes in morphological and histopathological aspect of organs were observed in the animals. Taking all factors into consideration, administration of Tetracera akara does not produce acute toxicity in Swiss albino mice or sub-acute toxicity in Wistar rats, suggesting it’s safe use by humans.

scholarly journals Grain Amaranth Is Associated with Improved Hepatic and Renal Calcium Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of Male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Sarah Namubiru ◽  
Abass Alao Safiriyu ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Dorothy Nakimbugwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background. Dysregulation of calcium signaling is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM) and grain amaranth (AG) has antidiabetic properties. Information on the mechanism of action of AG on blood, renal, and hepatic tissues is sparse, although it continues to be an important alternative medicinal plant in several developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine key changes in calcium levels and s100a1 protein levels and antioxidant and histopathologic changes in blood, renal, and hepatic tissues of male diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. This was an experimental study in which 30 male Wistar rats were kept for 5 weeks (6 groups, N =5). Groups 1-IV had T2DM induced using Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin: Group I, Mixtard®; group II, positive control; group III, 25% AG; group IV, 50% AG. Furthermore, group V consisted of normal rats given 50% GA and group VI was negative control. Blood, renal, and hepatic tissues were collected and analyzed for calcium, s100a1 protein levels, and antioxidant and histopathological changes. Results and Discussion. In blood, renal, and hepatic tissue, calcium and s100a1 levels were low during T2DM and these increased following AG supplementation. This was important for improved metabolic processes, thus leading to the low malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the tissues. Efficient antioxidant status was important for improved calcium signaling mechanisms, thus leading to improved tissue function and protection demonstrating the importance of AG as an alternative medicinal source through the calcium signaling pathway. Conclusion. Grain amaranth exerts its antidiabetic properties through improved calcium homeostasis in blood, kidney, and liver.

scholarly journals Calcium and s100a1 protein balance in the brain–heart axis in diabetic male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Dorothy Nakimbugwe ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Josephine Kasolo ◽  
Kevin Matama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

AbstractObjectivesCalcium deregulation in diabetes mellitus (DM) is central to the brain–heart axis pathology. This has led to the use of medical plants in complementary medicine such as Amaranthus hypochondriacus (GA). The objective of the study was to establish the effects of grain amaranth feed supplementation on calcium, s100al protein and antioxidant levels on the brain–heart axis in diabetic male Wistar rats.MethodsThe study involved six groups (n=5) with DM being induced in 20 rats. To the diabetic rats, Group I received mixtard®, Group II was positive control, Groups III and IV received GA feed supplementation at 25 and 50%. In the nondiabetic rats (n=10), Group V received 50% grain amaranth while Group VI was the negative control. The brain and heart tissues were harvested after five weeks and processed using standard methods.ResultsGrain amaranth feed supplementation led to improved calcium levels in DM as compared to the positive control. This also led to increased s100a1, antioxidant levels in the brain–heart axis during DM. This then protected the tissues against oxidative damage, thus preserving tissue function and structure.ConclusionsGrain amaranth’s actions on calcium signaling subsequently affected s100a1 protein levels, leading to improved tissue function in diabetes.

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