scholarly journals Hematological, Biochemical, Histopathological and 1H-NMR Metabolomics Application in Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Clinacanthus nutans Water Leaf Extract

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leng Khoo ◽  
Audrey Foong Kow ◽  
M. Maulidiani ◽  
Ming Lee ◽  
Chin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

The present study aims for the first time to provide the in vivo acute toxicological profile of the highest dose of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau water leaf extract according to the Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) 423 guidelines through conventional toxicity and advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) serum and urinary metabolomics evaluation methods. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw of C. nutans water extract was administered to Sprague Dawley rats, and they were observed for 14 days. Conventional toxicity evaluation methods (physical observation, body and organ weight, food and water consumption, hematology, biochemical testing and histopathological analysis) suggested no abnormal toxicity signs. Serum 1H-NMR metabolome revealed no significant metabolic difference between untreated and treated groups. Urinary 1H-NMR analysis, on the other hand, revealed alteration in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism in extract-treated rats after 2 h of extract administration, but the metabolic expression collected after 24 h and at Day 5, Day 10 and Day 15 indicated that the extract-treated rats did not accumulate any toxicity biomarkers. Importantly, the outcomes further suggest that single oral administration of up to 5000 mg/kg bw of C. nutans water leaf extract is safe for consumption.

Effect of Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract on oral mucosal burns and tongue wounds: An in-vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
MoehamadOrliando Roeslan ◽  
SalsabilaHany Reskia ◽  
FathinRaihanah Firman ◽  
HastaniaSakti Dewa ◽  
Komariah Komariah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

Toxicogenomic Analysis of Cardiotoxicity in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. GEI.S851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Hirakawa ◽  
Bart A. Jessen ◽  
Oscar Illanes ◽  
Ann de Peyster ◽  
Thomas McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Control Compound

Evidence of cardiotoxicity in the preclinical testing of drugs will often lead to compound attrition. The standard method for identifying cardiotoxic compounds involves histopathological analysis of tissue sections, a resource intensive process. In an effort to reduce attrition and capture safety endpoints early within the drug discovery paradigm, a more rapid assessment of target organ effects is desired. Here we describe the results of a preliminary study in which a group of common genes were affected by in vivo exposure to compounds known to cause dose-dependant cardiotoxicity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of digoxin (20 mg/kg), doxorubicin (30 mg/kg), isoproterenol (70 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) or carbon tetrachloride (800 mg/kg) and euthanized either 6 or 24 hours post-dose. Digoxin, doxorubicin, isoproterenol, and lipopolysaccharide were chosen for this study based on their diverse mechanisms of cardiotoxicity. Carbon tetrachloride, a known liver toxicant, was chosen as a non-cardiotoxic negative control. Genes commonly affected by all four cardiotoxic compounds were grouped together as a list of potential biomarkers. Gene expression changes were subsequently quantified using quantitative PCR. These genes were compared to those affected by novel experimental compounds previously shown to cause cardiotoxicity in rats. These compounds also affected over half of the genes on the biomarker list, whereas the non-cardiotoxic control compound did not affect any genes on the biomarkers list. These data indicate that measuring changes in gene expression could aid in the prioritization of compounds before they are tested in more resource intensive studies.

scholarly journals Toxicity Sub chronic Water Extract Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus In Vivo on Sprague dawley Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azwin Apriandi ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman ◽  
Purwantiningsih Sugita
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Meretrix Meretrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Normal Category ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Meretrix meretrix is one of the shells of sea water are widely utilized by people as food. This clam<br />also has many properties and benefits, so in this study tested the effect of the water extract of Meretrix<br />meretrix against blood chemistry profile Sprague Dawley rats with the method (OECD 413: 2009). Based on<br />observations obtained growth, feed intake, weight of liver and kidney in normal conditions. Levels of urea,<br />creatinine, cholesterol between the control mice treated with A/0.1 and A/1 were not significantly different<br />(p&gt; 0.05) while the levels of bilirubin and albumin between control mice treated with A/0.1 and A/1 results<br />significantly different (p&lt;0.05), but all blood chemistry parameters tested is still in the normal category.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. Water Extract: General Toxicity Studies in Sprague–Dawley Rats and Beagle Dogs With Re-evaluation of Genotoxic Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Sung Park ◽  
Euna Kwon ◽  
Yun-Soon Kim ◽  
Sang-Moo Kim ◽  
Dae-Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Acer tegmentosum Maxim., commonly known as Manchurian stripe maple, is a deciduous tree belonging to the family of Aceraceae and has been traditionally used in folk medicine for its remedial effects in liver diseases and traumatic bleedings. With a growing body of experimental evidence for its pharmacological efficacies, such as neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, A. tegmentosum has gradually gained popularity as a health supplement and functional food. However, the large part of essential toxicity information still remained lacking despite the possibility of mutagenic potentials as previously suggested, posing safety concerns for human consumption. In this study, we evaluated 90-day repeated oral toxicity of A. tegmentosum Maxim. water extract (ATWE) in SD rats with acute toxicity assessment in beagle dogs, and reevaluated genotoxicity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays. During the oral study period, ATWE did not cause toxicity-related clinical signs and mortality in rodents without adverse effects observed in the analysis of hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology, establishing &gt;5,000 mg/kg BW as the NOAEL. In addition, doses up to 5,000 mg/kg BW did not cause acute toxicity in beagle dogs. When assessed for genotoxicity using bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberration, and micronucleus formation, ATWE showed lack of mutagenicity and clastogenicity. These results demonstrated that AWTE was safe in the present preclinical study for systemic toxicity and genotoxicity at the tested doses, providing a guideline for safe use in humans.

1H NMR characterization of complexation of Glutathione with silver and aluminum metals in aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Khan ◽  
Tanveer Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Haris Zaib ◽  
Naheed Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Nmr Characterization ◽  
Biological Mixtures

Metallo-elements have both pharmacological and toxic effects on plants, animals and humans. These are considered as a major public health issue worldwide. In particular, heavy metals such as silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) are environmentally widespread, and their relative toxicity can lead to numerous pathologies such as nephropathy, cancers, vascular and skin diseases. The goal of this study was to examine the behavioral effects of Ag and Al salts (i.e. Silver nitrate and Aluminum sulfate) on glutathione (GSH), a potent oxidant in biological mixtures. We also aimed to suggest mechanisms of action of thiolate complexed to these metallo-elements in competitive studies with Ellman’s reagent (5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid aka ESSE). By proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, detailed titrations were carried out for these metal thiols interactions in the presence of ESSE in order to elucidate first equilibrium and possible second equilibrium. We found by 1H NMR spectroscopy that GSH binds to Ag and Al, which highlighted possible in-vivo chelation mechanisms of GSH toward these toxic metallo-elements.

scholarly journals The anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract on metabolism elucidated through 1H NMR in correlation with cytokines microarray

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0238503
Author(s):  
Amalina Ahmad Azam ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail ◽  
Yatinesh Kumari ◽  
Mohd Farooq Shaikh ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory potential of african leaf water extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Lusi Agus Setiani ◽  
Zaldi Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is the immune system's main response to infection and irritation. African leaf (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum) is one of the medicinal plants that can be used as anti-inflammatory because of the presence of flavonoid compounds. Flavonoid compounds have an anti-inflammatory effect that can regulate arachidonic acid metabo-lism by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooksigenase activi-ties. This study aims to obtain scientific information and the potential of African leaf extract as an anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo test. In this study, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity tests were carried out. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the ability of African leaf extracts to prevent protein denaturation and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by observing the reduction of edema in the soles of rats induced by carrageenan by giving three lev-els of doses of African leaf extract. The results showed that the African leaf extract at a concentration of 8273.91 mg L-1 was able to inhibit 50% denatured protein (IC50), while in the in vivo test African leaf had the potential as an anti-inflammatory with the most effective percent-age of inhibition at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 which is 85.20%. African leaf have the potential of approximately 2 times greater than the positive control of diclofenac sodium which is 45.70%.

scholarly journals The preventive effect of Mangifera foetida L. leaf extract administered simultaneously to excess iron on markers of iron overload in Spraque-Dawley rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-52
Author(s):  
Purnama Fajri ◽  
Ari Estuningtyas ◽  
Melva Louisa ◽  
Hans-Joachim Freisleben
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Before And After

Background: Recently, there is no agent available for the prevention of iron overload (IO) in thalassemia patients. Previous studies showed that Mangifera foetida L. leaf extracts reduced the levels of iron in IO in vitro and in vivo models. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of Mangifera foetida L. leaf extract in the prevention of IO induced in rats.Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: control (untreated), IO, 3 treatment groups with leaf extract equivalent to 50, 100, and 200 mg of mangiferin per kg BW. Fe-dextran (15 mg) was administered intraperitoneally twice a week for 4 weeks to all groups except control (IO, DSM50, DSM100, and DSM200). Urine and blood samples were taken before and after treatments. After 4 weeks of treatment, rats were terminated, and samples of spleen, liver, and heart were taken. Ferritin and mangiferin levels and SOD activities were determined in plasma. Iron levels were measured in plasma, urine, and spleen.Results: Experimental IO increased plasma Fe content 4.23 times and plasma ferritin levels 6.9 times vs normal. Mangifera foetida L. leaf extract DSM50 resulted in the highest blood levels of 212 ng mangiferin per mL and moderately, although not significant, prevented increased plasma ferritin levels and IO in organs and protected against oxidative stress.Conclusion: Aqueous Mangifera foetida L. leaf extract may be useful to prevent IO and oxidative stress in thalassemia patients.

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