scholarly journals Study on the Synthetic Characteristics of Biomass-Derived Isosorbide-Based Poly(arylene ether ketone)s for Sustainable Super Engineering Plastic

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seul-A Park ◽  
Changgyu Im ◽  
Dongyeop X. Oh ◽  
Sung Yeon Hwang ◽  
Jonggeon Jegal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Ether Ketone

Demand for the development of novel polymers derived from biomass that can replace petroleum resources has been increasing. In this study, biomass-derived isosorbide was used as a monomer in the polymerization of poly(arylene ether ketone)s, and its synthetic characteristics were investigated. As a phase-transfer catalyst, crown ether has increased the weight-average molecular weight of polymers over 100 kg/mol by improving the reaction efficiency of isosorbide and minimizing the effect of moisture. By controlling the experimental parameters such as halogen monomer, polymerization solvent, time, and temperature, the optimal conditions were found to be fluorine-type monomer, dimethyl sulfoxide, 24 h, and 155 °C, respectively. Biomass contents from isosorbide-based polymers were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and accelerator mass spectroscopy. The synthesized polymer resulted in a high molecular weight that enabled the preparation of transparent polymer films by the solution casting method despite its weak thermal degradation stability compared to aromatic polysulfone. The melt injection molding process was enabled by the addition of plasticizer. The tensile properties were comparable or superior to those of commercial petrochemical specimens of similar molecular weight. Interestingly, the prepared specimens exhibited a significantly lower coefficient of thermal expansion at high temperatures over 150 °C compared to polysulfone.

Synthesis of Segmented Anisotropic-Isotropic Poly(Aryl Ester)Poly(Arylene Ether) Copolymers

1989 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McGratn ◽  
K. L. Cooper ◽  
W. Waehamad ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
G. L. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Arylene Ether

AbstractCarboxyl functional poly(arylene ether) oligomers of controlled number average molecular weight were synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution step polymerization using p-hydroxy benzoic acid as the molecular weight and end group controlling reagents. The subsequent functionalized polyarylene ethers were copolymerized with acetoxy benzoic acid or acetoxyphenoxy benzoic acid via melt acidolysis procedures. Successful copolymers were generated using chlorobenzene as a solvent for the first s age of the reaction followed by melt reaction at temperatures as high as 325°C. Resulting copolymer composition and segment size were investigated. It was possible to prepare improved solvent resistant copolymers through incorporation of the liquid crystal polyester (LCP) segment. Extraction tests using boiling chloroform showed that a high percentage of segmented copolymer were generated. Swelling characteristics were also noted and were observed to decrease as a function of the LCP concentration utilized. Multiple transitions were observed in differential scanning calorimetry consistent with Tg's, Tm's and possibly with liquid crystal transitions. Optical microscopy showed an ordered microstructure developed which is consistent with the presence of liquid crystalline phases. The materials were successfully compression molded to afford tough coherent films at all compositions, implying the likelihood of improved compressive strength relative to the LCP homo- or copolyesters.

scholarly journals INTERACTION IN POLYARYLATE – POLY(ARYLENE ETHER KETONE) MIXTURE AT HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROCESSING

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Anton E. Sorokin ◽  
Alexander P. Krasnov ◽  
Vera V. Shaposhnikova ◽  
Sergey N. Salazkin ◽  
Mikhail V. Gorshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Molecular Mass Distribution ◽  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Block Type ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Ether Ketone

Methods of modifying polyarylate based on bisphenol A and mixture of iso- and terephthalic acids by a representative of a promising class of polymers — polyarylene ether ketone have been discussed in this article. Comparative thermomechanical and thermofriction tests of two grades of poly(arylene ether ketone)based on bisphenol A and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone (PAEK-32 and PAEK-34) have been carried out. It has been established that PAEK-34 is the most suitable for modifying polyarylate, which is confirmed by its higher softening temperature and stable friction coefficient at elevated temperatures. The thermomechanical properties and molecular mass distribution of amorphous polyarylene ether ketone before and after pressing have been studied. It has been established that during processing of poly(arylene ether ketone) PAEK-34  it’s molecular weight increases from 123 to 178 thousand a.m.u. with simultaneous change in the character of the molecular mass distribution from bimodal to unimodal. At the same time, there is a sharp decrease in the content of the low molecular weight fraction from 23.32 to 7.2%. Theoretical compatibility of polyarethylene ether ketone PAEK-34 and polyarylate DV based on the theory of solubility of substances has been studied. It was established that mixtures of these polymers are compatible for any components’ ratio according to the calculation results. The thermomechanical characteristics of the mixtures obtained on the basis of polyarylate and polyarylene ether ketone have been evaluated. It has been established that the growth of heat resistance of the mixture during processing is caused by intermolecular interaction of components with the formation of new chemical compounds having a block-type copolymer structure. This was confirmed by the change in the nature of the molecular-mass distribution of the polymer mixture upon the transition of the pressing temperature from 260 °C to 300 °C. It was established that the optimal conditions for the realization of block-copolymer formation reaction are created at 300 °C.

Preparation and characterization of novel soluble polyarylates derived from 9,9-bis[4-(4-chloroformylphenoxy)phenyl]xanthene with various bisphenols

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Zhou ◽  
Shou-Ri Sheng ◽  
Chuan-Chao Tang ◽  
Cheng Song ◽  
Zhen-Zhong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Interfacial Polycondensation ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Flexible Films

A series of new polyarylates bearing cardo xanthene groups were synthesized by phase-transfer-catalyzed interfacial polycondensation of 9,9-bis[4-(4-chloroformylphenoxy)phenyl]xanthene with various bisphenols containing the isopropylidene, hexafluoroisopropylidene, 1-phenylethylidene, diphenylmethane, cyclohexane, and xanthene structures. High-molecular-weight polyarylates with number-average molecular weight and polydispersity index in the range of 30,100–35,300 and 1.82–2.17, respectively, exhibited high glass transition temperatures ranged from 226°C to 261°C, and their 10% weight loss temperatures were in the range of 421–452°C with char yields above 45% at 700°C in nitrogen. All the polyarylates were amorphous and readily soluble in organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, meta-cresol, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at room temperature and could be cast into tough, transparent, and flexible films with tensile strengths of 85.6–108.3 MPa, elongations at break of 2–3%, and tensile moduli of 7–9 GPa.

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone)-b-Poly(arylene ether ketone) Copolymers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2013 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Hai Dan Lin ◽  
Xiao Ying Yang ◽  
Cheng Xun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A new series of hydrophobic-hydrophilic multiblock copolymers derived from fluorine terminated poly (arylene ether ketone) as hydrophobic blocks and phenoxide terminated sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) as hydrophilic blocks were successfully synthesized and evaluated for use as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). All the hydrophobic and hydrophilic oligomers were synthesized via molecular-weight controlled step growth polymerization of the monomers. 1H NMR spectra were used as characterization tool to determine the telechelic oligomers molecular weight and multiblock copolymers structure. The morphologies of multiblock copolymers were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed they had a clear microphase-separated structure between the hydrophilic domains and hydrophobic domains. All the sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone)-b-poly (arylene ether ketone) copolymers can easily be cast into tough membranes for applications in proton exchange membrane.

Effect of Molecular Weight on Poly(arylene ether ketone) Properties

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Jensen ◽  
P. M. Hergenrother
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Ether Ketone

A Novel Approach to Prepare Fluorinated Polyether Glycol Using Phase-Transfer Catalysts

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2873-2877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Novel Approach

The goal of this work has been the synthesis of novel fluorine-containing glycidyl ether based on 3, 3, 2, 2-tetrafluoropropanol (TFP) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) as the starting materials under condition of TBAB (Tetrabutylammonium bromide) catalyst. Furthermore, a novel fluorinated polyether glycol was successfully produced by the above synthesized fluorine-containing glycidyl ether. The structure of the products was characterized by 1H-NMR and IR spectrum. The number average molecular weight was measured by GPC.

The Structure of Radiation Cross-Linked Poly (ethylene oxide) Gels

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
C. E. Cluthe ◽  
G. G. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Free Radical Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Initial Viscosity

Aqueous solutions of a 1 weight-per cent poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) were degassed under vacuum, transferred to a parallel plate viscometer under a nitrogen gas blanket, and exposed to Co60 gamma radiation. The Co60 source was rated at 4000 curies, and the dose ratewas 3.8x105 rads/hr. The poly (ethylene oxide) employed in the irradiations had an initial viscosity average molecular weight of 2.1 x 106.The solutions were gelled by a free radical reaction with dosages ranging from 5x104 rads to 4.8x106 rads.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document