scholarly journals Introduction to Infrared and Raman-Based Biomedical Molecular Imaging and Comparison with Other Modalities

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5547
Author(s):  
Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Raman Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Molecular imaging has rapidly developed to answer the need of image contrast in medical diagnostic imaging to go beyond morphological information to include functional differences in imaged tissues at the cellular and molecular levels. Vibrational (infrared (IR) and Raman) imaging has rapidly emerged among the molecular imaging modalities available, due to its label-free combination of high spatial resolution with chemical specificity. This article presents the physical basis of vibrational spectroscopy and imaging, followed by illustration of their preclinical in vitro applications in body fluids and cells, ex vivo tissues and in vivo small animals and ending with a brief discussion of their clinical translation. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of IR/Raman imaging with the other main modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/single-photon emission-computed tomography (PET/SPECT), ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), the design of multimodal probes combining vibrational imaging with other modalities is discussed, illustrated by some preclinical proof-of-concept examples.

scholarly journals Multimodal Medical Image Fusion Using Various Hybrid Fusion Techniques For clinical Treatment Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajalingam B ◽  
Priya R
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Medical Image Fusion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hybrid Fusion

Medical image fusion is one the most significant and useful disease analytic techniques. This research paper proposed and examines some of the hybrid multimodality medical image fusion methods and discusses the most essential advantages and disadvantages of these methods to develop hybrid multimodal image fusion algorithms that improve the feature of merged multimodality therapeutic image. Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography are the input multimodal therapeutic images used for fusion process. An experimental results of proposed all hybrid fusion techniques provides the best fused multimodal medical images of highest quality, highest details, shortest processing time, and best visualization. Both traditional and hybrid multimodal medical image fusion algorithms are evaluated using several quality metrics. Compared with other existing techniques the proposed technique experimental results demonstrate the better processing performance and results in both subjective and objective evaluation criteria. This is favorable, especially for helping in accurate clinical disease analysis.

scholarly journals Preclinical Evaluation of 99mTc-Labeled GRPR Antagonists maSSS/SES-PEG2-RM26 for Imaging of Prostate Cancer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ayman Abouzayed ◽  
Sara S. Rinne ◽  
Hamideh Sabahnoo ◽  
Jens Sörensen ◽  
Vladimir Chernov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography

Background: Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is an important target for imaging of prostate cancer. The wide availability of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and the generator-produced 99mTc can be utilized to facilitate the use of GRPR-targeting radiotracers for diagnostics of prostate cancers. Methods: Synthetically produced mercaptoacetyl-Ser-Ser-Ser (maSSS)-PEG2-RM26 and mercaptoacetyl-Ser-Glu-Ser (maSES)-PEG2-RM26 (RM26 = d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) were radiolabeled with 99mTc and characterized in vitro using PC-3 cells and in vivo, using NMRI or PC-3 tumor bearing mice. SPECT/CT imaging and dosimetry calculations were performed for [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26. Results: Peptides were radiolabeled with high yields (>98%), demonstrating GRPR specific binding and slow internalization in PC-3 cells. [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 outperformed [99mTc]Tc-maSES-PEG2-RM26 in terms of GRPR affinity, with a lower dissociation constant (61 pM vs 849 pM) and demonstrating higher tumor uptake. [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 had tumor-to-blood, tumor-to-muscle, and tumor-to-bone ratios of 97 ± 56, 188 ± 32, and 177 ± 79, respectively. SPECT/CT images of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 clearly visualized the GRPR-overexpressing tumors. The dosimetry estimated for [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 showed the highest absorbed dose in the small intestine (1.65 × 10−3 mGy/MBq), and the effective dose is 3.49 × 10−3 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: The GRPR antagonist maSSS-PEG2-RM26 is a promising GRPR-targeting agent that can be radiolabeled through a single-step with the generator-produced 99mTc and used for imaging of GRPR-expressing prostate cancer.

Molecular Imaging: Implications for Oral Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Shubhasini A Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
World Population

ABSTRACT Cancer is a scourge that affects millions of the world population. The incidence of oral cancer is alarmingly high in the Indian subcontinent. What is more appalling is the low survival rate of these patients. Various efforts are being made to bring about early diagnosis, accurate staging and aggressive treatment. Molecular imaging is one step in this direction. Today, imaging plays a role not just in detecting what is radiopaque and what is radiolucent, but also plays a very active role in detecting disease down to the level of a single cell. The field of molecular imaging has been defined as ‘the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biologic processes at molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems’. The amalgamation of advanced imaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography with Computed Tomography, the use of newer contrast agents, incorporation of nanoparticles all have brought about these revolutionary changes in imaging. The purpose of this article is to describe the various techniques used in molecular imaging specifically highlighting their application in head and neck cancer.

scholarly journals Molecular Imaging in Tumor Angiogenesis and Relevant Drug Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xibo Ma ◽  
Jie Tian ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Chenghu Qin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Tumor Angiogenesis ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Novel Drug

Molecular imaging, including fluorescence imaging (FMI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT), and computed tomography (CT), has a pivotal role in the process of tumor and relevant drug research. CT, especially Micro-CT, can provide the anatomic information for a region of interest (ROI); PET and SPECT can provide functional information for the ROI. BLI and FMI can provide optical information for an ROI. Tumor angiogenesis and relevant drug development is a lengthy, high-risk, and costly process, in which a novel drug needs about 10–15 years of testing to obtain Federal Drug Association (FDA) approval. Molecular imaging can enhance the development process by understanding the tumor mechanisms and drug activity. In this paper, we focus on tumor angiogenesis, and we review the characteristics of molecular imaging modalities and their applications in tumor angiogenesis and relevant drug research.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Radio-Iodinated GRPR/PSMA Bispecific Heterodimers for the Theranostics Application in Prostate Cancer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Abouzayed ◽  
Cheng-Bin Yim ◽  
Bogdan Mitran ◽  
Sara S. Rinne ◽  
Vladimir Tolmachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiochemical Yields

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are overexpressed in most prostate cancers. GRPR expression is higher in early stages while PSMA expression increases with progression. The possibility of targeting both markers with a single theranostics radiotracer could improve patient management. Three GRPR/PSMA-targeting bispecific heterodimers (urea derivative PSMA-617 and bombesin-based antagonist RM26 linked via X-triazolyl-Tyr-PEG2, X = PEG2 (BO530), (CH2)8 (BO535), none (BO536)) were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Peptides were radio-iodinated and evaluated in vitro for binding specificity, cellular retention, and affinity. In vivo specificity for all heterodimers was studied in PC-3 (GRPR-positive) and LNCaP (PSMA-positive) xenografts. [125I]I-BO530 was evaluated in PC-3pip (GRPR/PSMA-positive) xenografts. Micro single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (microSPECT/CT) scans were acquired. The heterodimers were radiolabeled with high radiochemical yields, bound specifically to both targets, and demonstrated high degree of activity retention in PC-3pip cells. Only [125I]I-BO530 demonstrated in vivo specificity to both targets. A biodistribution study of [125I]I-BO530 in PC-3pip xenografted mice showed high tumor activity uptake (30%–35%ID/g at 3 h post injection (pi)). Activity uptake in tumors was stable and exceeded all other organs 24 h pi. Activity uptake decreased only two-fold 72 h pi. The GRPR/PSMA-targeting heterodimer [125I]I-BO530 is a promising agent for theranostics application in prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451
Author(s):  
Paul Cumming ◽  
Milan Scheidegger ◽  
Dario Dornbierer ◽  
Mikael Palner ◽  
Boris B. Quednow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Imaging Research

Hallucinogens are a loosely defined group of compounds including LSD, N,N-dimethyltryptamines, mescaline, psilocybin/psilocin, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methamphetamine (DOM), which can evoke intense visual and emotional experiences. We are witnessing a renaissance of research interest in hallucinogens, driven by increasing awareness of their psychotherapeutic potential. As such, we now present a narrative review of the literature on hallucinogen binding in vitro and ex vivo, and the various molecular imaging studies with positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). In general, molecular imaging can depict the uptake and binding distribution of labelled hallucinogenic compounds or their congeners in the brain, as was shown in an early PET study with N1-([11C]-methyl)-2-bromo-LSD ([11C]-MBL); displacement with the non-radioactive competitor ketanserin confirmed that the majority of [11C]-MBL specific binding was to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. However, interactions at serotonin 5HT1A and other classes of receptors and pleotropic effects on second messenger pathways may contribute to the particular experiential phenomenologies of LSD and other hallucinogenic compounds. Other salient aspects of hallucinogen action include permeability to the blood–brain barrier, the rates of metabolism and elimination, and the formation of active metabolites. Despite the maturation of radiochemistry and molecular imaging in recent years, there has been only a handful of PET or SPECT studies of radiolabeled hallucinogens, most recently using the 5-HT2A/2C agonist N-(2[11CH3O]-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy- 4-bromophenethylamine ([11C]Cimbi-36). In addition to PET studies of target engagement at neuroreceptors and transporters, there is a small number of studies on the effects of hallucinogenic compounds on cerebral perfusion ([15O]-water) or metabolism ([18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose/FDG). There remains considerable scope for basic imaging research on the sites of interaction of hallucinogens and their cerebrometabolic effects; we expect that hybrid imaging with PET in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) should provide especially useful for the next phase of this research.

scholarly journals Imaging Hydrogen Sulfide in Hypoxic Tissue with [99mTc]Tc-Gluconate

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Yongkyoung Kweon ◽  
Ji-Yong Park ◽  
Young-Joo Kim ◽  
Yun-Sang Lee ◽  
Jae-Min Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Standard Uptake Value ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Ischemic Limb

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third gasotransmitter and is generated endogenously in hypoxic or inflammatory tissues and various cancers. We have recently demonstrated that endogenous H2S can be imaged with [99mTc]Tc-gluconate. In the present study, we detected H2S generated in hypoxic tissue, both in vitro and in vivo, using [99mTc]Tc-gluconate. In vitro uptake of [99mTc]Tc-gluconate was measured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, using the colon carcinoma cell line CT26, and was higher in hypoxic cells than that in normoxic cells. An acute hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion model was established in BALB/c mice by exposing the animals to 3 h of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion prior to in vivo imaging. [99mTc]Tc-gluconate (12.5 MBq) was intravenously injected through the tail vein, and uptake in the lower limb was analyzed by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). SPECT/CT images showed five times higher uptake in the ischemic limb than that in the normal limb. The standard uptake value (SUVmean) of the ischemic limb was 0.39 ± 0.03, while that of the normal limb was 0.07 ± 0.01. [99mTc]Tc-gluconate is a novel imaging agent that can be used both in vitro and in vivo for the detection of endogenous H2S generated in hypoxic tissue.

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Molecules to Organs

Biosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardalan Chaichi ◽  
Alisha Prasad ◽  
Manas Gartia
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Label Free

Noninvasive and label-free vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy methods have shown great potential for clinical diagnosis applications. Raman spectroscopy is based on inelastic light scattering due to rotational and vibrational modes of molecular bonds. It has been shown that Raman spectra provide chemical signatures of changes in biological tissues in different diseases, and this technique can be employed in label-free monitoring and clinical diagnosis of several diseases, including cardiovascular studies. However, there are very few literature reviews available to summarize the state of art and future applications of Raman spectroscopy in cardiovascular diseases, particularly cardiac hypertrophy. In addition to conventional clinical approaches such as electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiogram (cardiac ultrasound), positron emission tomography (PET), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), applications of vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy will provide invaluable information useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Various in vivo and ex vivo investigations can potentially be performed using Raman imaging to study and distinguish pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophies and understand the mechanisms of other cardiac diseases. Here, we have reviewed the recent literature on Raman spectroscopy to study cardiovascular diseases covering investigations on the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document