scholarly journals Effect of the Propionylation Method on the Deformability under Thermal Pressure of Block-Shaped Wood

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3539
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Abe ◽  
Masako Seki ◽  
Tsunehisa Miki ◽  
Masakazu Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Tangential Direction ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Press Molding

Converting wood waste into thermoplastic materials is an attractive means of increasing its utilization because complex three-dimensional molded products can easily be obtained by press molding wood with thermoplasticity. Chemical modification, especially esterification, is a promising method for imparting thermoplasticity to wood. In this study, we produced multiple propionylated wood specimens using several propionylation methods and elucidated the factors affecting the deformability of the wood. Regardless of the method, all of the propionylated wood samples showed deformability in the tangential direction. However, in the longitudinal direction, not only the degree of propionylation but also the propionylation method had a significant influence on the deformability. The flow in the tangential direction occurred under a relatively low pressure, whereas the flow in the longitudinal direction occurred under higher pressure. The chemical composition and motility of each sample were evaluated using solid-state NMR measurements. With some propionylation methods, decomposition of the cellulose main chain occurred during the reaction, which had a dominant effect on the deformability of the wood in the longitudinal direction. These results indicate that the deformability of wood can be controlled by the appropriate selection of a propionylation method and its treatment conditions.

Selection of factors affecting increase of non-oil export

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Aynura Manaf kizi Ismayilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Selection Of

Regional, institutional and individual factors affecting selection of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy in Japan: A national database analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Sugihara ◽  
Hideo Yasunaga ◽  
Hiromasa Horiguchi ◽  
Tetsuya Fujimura ◽  
Hiroaki Nishimatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
National Database ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals The Impact of Post-Manufacture Treatments on the Surface Characteristics Important for Finishing of OSB and Particleboard

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Antonio Copak ◽  
Vlatka Jirouš-Rajković ◽  
Nikola Španić ◽  
Josip Miklečić
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Water Vapour Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Oriented strand board (OSB) is a commonly used structural wood-based panel for walls and roof siding, but recently the industry has become interested in OSB as a substrate for indoor and outdoor furniture. Particleboard is mainly used in furniture productions and has become popular as a construction material due to its numerous usage possibilities and inexpensive cost. Moisture is one of the most important factors affecting wood-based panel performance and the post-treatment conditions affected their affinity to water. When OSB and particleboard are used as substrates for coatings, their surface characteristics play an important role in determining the quality of the final product. Furthermore, roughness can significantly affect the interfacial phenomena such as adsorption, wetting, and adhesion which may have an impact on the coating performance. In this research particleboard and OSB panels were sanded, re-pressed and IR heated and the influence of surface treatments on hardness, roughness, wetting, water, and water vapour absorption was studied. Results showed that sanding improved the wetting of particleboard and OSB with water. Moreover, studied surface treatments increased water absorption and water penetration depth of OSB panels, and re-pressing had a positive effect on reducing the water vapour absorption of particleboard and OSB panels.

scholarly journals The Importance of International Medical Rotations in Selection of an Otolaryngology Residency

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan H Boyd ◽  
Raul M Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Residency Program ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
International Elective ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Residency Application ◽  
Lifestyle Research ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to determine the extent of interest in international electives among prospective otolaryngology residents and to determine whether the availability of international electives affected students' interest in ranking a particular residency program. Methods A 3-part survey was given to all medical students enrolled in the 2008 otolaryngology match via the Electronic Residency Application Service. Part 1 elicited demographic information. Part 2 explored general interest in international rotations. Part 3 involved ranking several factors affecting students' choice of residency programs. This survey was developed at our institution, with no formal validation. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. Results A total of 307 students entered the otolaryngology match, and 55 surveys (18%) were completed. Twenty-five of 55 students (55%) had completed an international elective during or prior to medical school, and 51 of 55 respondents (93%) had a “strong” or “very strong” desire to participate in an international elective during residency; 48 of 55 students (87%) had a “strong” or “very strong” desire to participate in international surgical missions after residency. Future practice goals had no correlation with interest in international rotations, either during or after residency training. Respondents ranked 8 factors that had an impact on residency program selection in the following order of importance: operative experience, location, lifestyle, research opportunities, didactics, international electives, prestige of program, and salary. Conclusion Interest in international medicine among prospective otolaryngologists was high in this subset of respondents but did not appear to affect residency program selection.

Quality Assessment of Weldable Steel Mark P355NH from Decompression Chamber Construction for Diving

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 2381-2387
Author(s):  
Doru Romulus Pascu ◽  
Radu Alexandru Roşu ◽  
Iuliana Duma ◽  
Horia Daşcău
Keyword(s):  
Test Temperature ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Weldable Steel ◽  
Breaking Energy ◽  
Fine Grained Steels ◽  
Selection Of

Non-alloyed P355NH steel according to EN 10028-3:2003 belongs to a group of fine-grained steels for pressure vessels being used in welded construction at decompression chamber for divers. Values of the chemical, structural and mechanical characteristics and steel toughness experimentally determined fit the analyzed steel in P355NH steel group according to EN 10028-3:2003. The toughness of the analyzed steel at the test temperature of -30°C is characterized by high values of fracture energy KV in longitudinal direction between 48 and 86 J and on transverse direction between 17 and 34J. Steel toughness at the test temperature of -30°C required by ABS standard (in Section 4/5.3 and Table 1) provides for breaking energy KV of min. 35J, with ductile fracture surfaces, value that is not respected at some lots of the three batches (A, B, C) of steel. Finally, based on the direct correlation established between HV10 hardness of the fine structure and the toughness it was made a selection of the lots of non-alloy steel P355NH which correspond to ABS norm for welded construction of the decompression chamber for divers

Mechanism of the Transition From In-Plane Buckling to Helical Buckling for a Stiff Nanowire on an Elastomeric Substrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlong Chen ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yilun Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Buckling Mode ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
Helical Buckling ◽  
Selection Of

In this work, the compressive buckling of a nanowire partially bonded to an elastomeric substrate is studied via finite-element method (FEM) simulations and experiments. The buckling profile of the nanowire can be divided into three regimes, i.e., the in-plane buckling, the disordered buckling in the out-of-plane direction, and the helical buckling, depending on the constraint density between the nanowire and the substrate. The selection of the buckling mode depends on the ratio d/h, where d is the distance between adjacent constraint points and h is the helical buckling spacing of a perfectly bonded nanowire. For d/h > 0.5, buckling is in-plane with wavelength λ = 2d. For 0.27 < d/h < 0.5, buckling is disordered with irregular out-of-plane displacement. While, for d/h < 0.27, buckling is helical and the buckling spacing gradually approaches to the theoretical value of a perfectly bonded nanowire. Generally, the in-plane buckling induces smaller strain in the nanowire, but consumes the largest space. Whereas the helical mode induces moderate strain in the nanowire, but takes the smallest space. The study may shed useful insights on the design and optimization of high-performance stretchable electronics and three-dimensional complex nanostructures.

scholarly journals Factors affecting nest-site selection of Sabine's Gulls in the eastern Canadian Arctic

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1240-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain J Stenhouse ◽  
H Grant Gilchrist ◽  
William A Montevecchi
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Invertebrate Prey ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrate ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Sabine’S Gull ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of breeding habitat is of prime importance for individual fitness. Among birds, natural selection should favour the ability to recognize and select habitat suitable for nesting and rearing chicks. This study compares the characteristics of Sabine's Gull, Xema sabini (Sabine, 1819), nest sites with random points across a coastal tundra environment on Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada. The availability of terrestrial invertebrate prey was also examined among habitats. Sabine's Gull nests were nonrandomly distributed in relation to vegetation, substrate, and proximity to water. Gulls nested within approximately 1 km of the coastline and selected sites with the greatest proportions of moss and standing water (i.e., they nested close to the edge of small freshwater ponds near shore). However, there were no detectable differences in characteristics between successful and unsuccessful nests within preferred habitat. The dynamics of terrestrial invertebrate prey communities varied between years, but the volume of invertebrates in Sabine's Gull nesting habitat was intermediate between the most productive habitats and the least productive habitats in both years. However, nest-site selection in Sabine's Gulls may also be influenced by the availability of aquatic invertebrates (not examined in this study) and their proximity to the marine coastline, where chicks are taken to be reared.

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