Active Flavonoids from Colubrina greggii var. greggii S. Watson against Clinical Isolates of Candida spp.

Candida albicans is the most commonly implicated agent in invasive human fungal infections. The disease could be presented as minimal symptomatic candidemia or can be fulminant sepsis. Candidemia is associated with a high rate of mortality and high healthcare and hospitalization costs. The surveillance programs have reported the distribution of other Candida species reflecting the trends and antifungal susceptibilities. Previous studies have demonstrated that C. glabrata more frequently presents fluconazole-resistant strains. Extracts from Mexican plants have been reported with activity against pulmonary mycosis, among them Colubrina greggii. In the present study, extracts from the aerial parts (leaves, flowers, and fruits) of this plant were evaluated against clinical isolates of several species of Candida (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis) by the broth microdilution assay. Through bioassay-guided fractionation, three antifungal glycosylated flavonoids were isolated and characterized. The isolated compounds showed antifungal activity only against C. glabrata resistant to fluconazole, and were non-toxic toward brine shrimp lethality bioassay and in vitro Vero cell line assay. The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts, as well as the fractions containing the mixture of flavonoids, were more active against Candida spp.

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The In Vitro Potential of 1-(1H-indol-3-yl) Derivatives against Candida spp. and Aspergillus niger as Tyrosinase Inhibitors

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9102070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2070

Author(s):

Teresa Gervasi ◽

Giovanna Ginestra ◽

Francesca Mancuso ◽

Davide Barreca ◽

Laura De Luca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Candida Parapsilosis ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Antifungal Potential ◽

Tyrosinase Inhibitors

Given the increased antimicrobial resistance, global effort is currently focused on the identification of novel compounds, both of natural and chemical origin. The present study reports on the antifungal potential of 1-(1H-indol-3-yl) derivatives, previously known as tyrosinase inhibitors. The effect of seven compounds (indicated as 3a–g) was determined against Candida albicans ATCC 10531, three clinical isolates of Candida albicans, two clinical isolates of Candida glabrata, two clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. The effect of these derivatives on tyrosinase enzymatic activity was also evaluated. Results showed a fungicidal activity of compounds 3b, 3c and 3e against all tested strains at concentrations ranging between 0.250 and 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, the association between 3c and fluconazole and between 3b and caspofungin showed a trend of indifference tending toward synergism. Compound 3c was also able to inhibit microbial tyrosinase up to ~28% at the concentration of 0.250 mg/mL. These data could help provide novel therapeutics for topical use to treat fungal infections and increase the potential effectiveness of the association between novel compounds and commercial antifungals in order to combat drug resistance.

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Candida Coinfection among Patients with Pulmonary tuberculosis in the World; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies

10.21203/rs.2.14804/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mehran Ghazalibina ◽

Ali Shakerimoghaddam ◽

Azad Khaledi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

High Rate ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Early Diagnose

Abstract Background Diagnosis of fungal co-infections in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis has critical importance. In this review, we aimed to determine the prevalence of candida coinfection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods The present systematic review of cross-sectional studies was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Protocol. Studies published online in English from January 2001 to March 2019 were assessed. Literature search was performed in Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Scopus databases using keywords combinations of “pulmonary fungal”, “pulmonary coinfection”, OR “pulmonary mycosis”, “pulmonary fungal infections/agents”, OR “polymicrobial infection”, OR “secondary infection”, OR “mixed infections”, “pulmonary candidiasis”, “fungi coinfection”, “fungal co-colonization”, AND “pulmonary tuberculosis”, OR “pulmonary TB”. Data was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated by Cochran's Q, and I 2 tests.Results The pooled global prevalence of candida coinfection among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 25.7% (95% CI: 23.7-27.9). C. albicans was the most prevalent Candida spp. with a pooled prevalence of 65.8% (95% CI: 54.3-75.7). Risk factors of candida coinfection included smoking, diabetes, advanced age, and low body mass index.Conclusion The present review showed the high rate of candida coinfection among patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Adequate measures are necessary to early diagnose and treat these infections.

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In vitro differential activity of phospholipases and acid proteinases of clinical isolates of Candida

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822011005000036 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 334-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Aurean D'Eça Júnior ◽

Anderson França Silva ◽

Fernanda Costa Rosa ◽

Sílvio Gomes Monteiro ◽

Patrícia de Maria Silva Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Serum Albumin ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Acid Protease ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Normal Flora ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Favorable Conditions

INTRODUCTION: Candida yeasts are commensals; however, if the balance of normal flora is disrupted or the immune defenses are compromised, Candida species can cause disease manifestations. Several attributes contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of Candida, including the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, particularly phospholipase and proteinase. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of phospholipases and acid proteinases in clinical isolates of Candida spp. METHODS: Eighty-two isolates from hospitalized patients collected from various sites of origin were analyzed. Phospholipase production was performed in egg yolk medium and the production of proteinase was verified in a medium containing bovine serum albumin. The study was performed in triplicate. RESULTS: Fifty-six (68.3%) of isolates tested were phospholipase positive and 16 (44.4%) were positive for proteinase activity. C. tropicalis was the species with the highest number of positive isolates for phospholipase (91.7%). Statistically significant differences were observed in relation to production of phospholipases among species (p<0,0001) and among the strains from different sites of origin (p=0.014). Regarding the production of acid protease, the isolates of C. parapsilosis tested presented a larger number of producers (69.2%). Among the species analyzed, the percentage of protease producing isolates did not differ statistically (χ2=1.9 p=0.5901 (χ2=1.9 p=0.5901). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of C. non-albicans and all C. albicans isolates were great producers of hydrolytic enzymes and, consequently, might be able to cause infection under favorable conditions.

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1376. Antifungal Activity of Cerium Nitrate Against Fungal Isolates Associated with Combat-Related Injuries Including Burns

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1207 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S422-S422

Author(s):

Heather Pomerantz ◽

Miriam Beckius ◽

Dana Blyth ◽

Kevin S Akers ◽

David R Tribble ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Mucor Circinelloides ◽

Cerium Nitrate ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Burn Care ◽

Fungal Isolates ◽

Time Kill ◽

Slow Growing

Abstract Background Fungal infections are a critical cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. In addition to debridement and systemic antifungal therapy, various topical adjuncts have been used, and topical burn care is a key component of infection prevention and treatment. Cerium nitrate (CN) has been used in combination with silver sulfadiazine (SS) in burn care. Previous studies showed that CN had bacteriostatic activity, and suggested anti-biofilm activity against Candida biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of CN against fungal isolates associated with combat-related injuries. Methods The efficacy of CN was evaluated against 14 mold (three Aspergillus spp., two Fusarium spp., five different mucormycetes, two Bipolaris spp., one Alternaria spp., one Exophiala spp.) and 21 Candida spp. isolates collected as part of the Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study. Fungicidal activity of various concentrations of CN (2.2%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.2%) was determined using an established time-kill assay. Standard conidia/cell suspensions were prepared according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and then exposed to the CN solutions for 24 hours. At different times (0, 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours) aliquots were plated and incubated at 35ºC. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts were determined after 24 hours incubation or after an appropriate time for slow growing molds. Results All mold isolates had persistent growth at 24 hours with most having no significant change in colony counts over the 24-hour period. The only exception was Mucor circinelloides, which appeared to have a time-dependent reduction in CFUs at 24 hours for all CN concentrations. Exophiala did not grow as well in CN solutions compared with the control (mean 65 vs. 28.2 CFUs with a difference of mean 37.4 CFUs, P = 0.0001), but this was not time or concentration dependent. All yeast species showed a time-dependent killing after 6–12 hours. Conclusion CN demonstrated time-dependent killing of the yeasts. However, very little activity was observed against the tested molds. Since CN is often used in combination with SS there might be a synergistic effect against molds. Further research will evaluate higher concentrations of CN and its toxicity for cells and tissue. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Antidepressant Potential of Lotus corniculatus L. subsp. corniculatus: An Ethnobotany Based Approach

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25061299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1299

Author(s):

Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç Dereli ◽

Haroon Khan ◽

Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez ◽

Esra Küpeli Akkol

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Activity ◽

Tail Suspension Test ◽

Lotus Corniculatus ◽

Antidepressant Effect ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Test Models ◽

Bioassay Guided Fractionation

As a Turkish traditional medicinal plant, aerial parts of Lotus corniculatus L. subsp. corniculatus (Fabaceae) are used as a painkiller, antihemoroidal, diuretic and sedative. In this study, the antidepressant potential of the plant has been attempted to clarify. Extracts with water, n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol were prepared respectively from the aerial parts. Antidepressant activity of the extracts were researched by using three different in vivo test models namely a tail suspension test, antagonism of tetrabenazine-induced hypothermia, ptosis, and suppression of locomotor activity and forced swimming test on male BALB/c mice and in vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and B inhibition assays. The results were evaluated through comparing with control and reference groups, and then active compounds of the active extract have been determined. Bioassay-guided fractionation of active fraction led to the isolation of three compounds and structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The data of this study demonstrate that the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of the plant showed remarkable in vivo antidepressant effect and the isolated compounds medicarpin-3-O-glucoside, gossypetin-3-O-glucoside and naringenin-7-O-glucoside (prunin) from the active sub-fractions could be responsible for the activity. Further mechanistic and toxicity studies are planned to develop new antidepressant-acting drugs.

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2106. Evaluation of Isavuconazole for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections at a Large Academic Medical Center

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1786 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S712-S713

Author(s):

Christine Vu ◽

Meenakshi Rana ◽

Patricia Saunders-Hao

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Medical Center ◽

Academic Medical Center ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Invasive Fungal Infections ◽

Prescribing Practices ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Antifungal Stewardship ◽

Hospital Formulary

Abstract Background Isavuconazole is an azole antifungal with in vitro activity against various fungi, including Candida spp, Aspergillus, and Mucormycetes. Currently, isavuconazole is FDA approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis; however, there remains limited data to support prophylaxis use. Compared with other first-line azoles, isavuconazole’s broad spectrum of activity, favorable safety profile, and oral bioavailability makes it an attractive antifungal option. In July 2017, isavuconazole was added to our hospital formulary as a restricted antimicrobial. Since then, we have seen increased use for both prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections. Methods A single-center, retrospective chart review was conducted on adult patients who received at least 1 dose of isavuconazole at The Mount Sinai Hospital between July 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. The electronic medical record was utilized to collect information on therapeutic indication, dosing, formulation, duration, reasons for switching to isavuconazole, prior antifungals, and proven or probable breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) based on EORTG/MTG definitions. Results 54 patients received 61 courses of isavuconazole. Reasons for switching to isavuconazole are described in Table 1. Eleven patients received inappropriate intravenous formulations and 14% of orders were prescribed isavuconazole without a loading dose (Table 2). We identified 4 proven/probable bIFIs, representing 7.4% of patients and 6.6% of courses (Table 3). All patients died within 60 days of bIFI onset. Conclusion Since its addition to hospital formulary, we have observed varying isavuconazole prescribing practices, highlighting the need for improved antifungal stewardship. Rates of bIFIs on isavuconazole were lower than previously reported studies. Additional studies are needed to provide guidance on isavuconazole use and determine its role as prophylaxis therapy. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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In Vitro Activities of Fluconazole and Voriconazole against Clinical Isolates of Candida spp. Determined by Disk Diffusion Testing in Turin, Italy

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00998-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 1657-1659 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Narcisa Mandras ◽

Vivian Tullio ◽

Valeria Allizond ◽

Daniela Scalas ◽

Giuliana Banche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Isolates ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

Disk Diffusion Testing ◽

Fluconazole Resistant

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against 1,024 clinical isolates of Candida spp. were determined by the agar disk diffusion test using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M44-A guidelines. The results of this investigation demonstrated the broad-spectrum in vitro activity of voriconazole, relative to that of fluconazole, against yeasts tested, in particular fluconazole-resistant isolates, such as Candida krusei that showed high susceptibility to voriconazole. The situation in Turin, Italy, is quite similar to that of the rest of Italy, reflecting the worldwide trend.

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Prevalence and Fluconazole Susceptibility Profile of Candida spp. Clinical Isolates in a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520140717 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (2 suppl) ◽

pp. 1349-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Athayde Neves-Junior ◽

Ana Carolina Cartágenes-Pinto ◽

Débora A.S. Rocha ◽

Leandro F. Reis de Sá ◽

Maria de Lourdes Junqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Control Measures ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

University Hospital ◽

Effective Control ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Resistance Phenotype

Candidiasis has become an important concern for clinical practice, especially with the increasing incidence of immunocompromised patients. In this scenario, the development resistance to fluconazole presents a challenge for treating these opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate some epidemiology features of Candidainfections in a Brazilian University Hospital using data, previously unavailable. We observed that 44% of the 93 clinical isolates tested, belonged to Candida albicansspecies and 56% belonged to non-Candida albicansspecies (mainly Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata). Most strains were isolated from urine samples where C. albicans was predominantly detected. 29 strains presented a fluconazole resistance phenotype and of these, 22 were chemosensitised by FK506, a classical inhibitor of ABC transporters related to azoles resistance. These data suggest the probable role of efflux pumps in this resistance phenotype. Our study highlights the need for developing effective control measures for fungal infections, rational use of antifungal drugs and development of new molecules able to abrogate the active transport of antifungals.

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Susceptibility of Candida spp. clinical isolates to antimycotics and disinfectants

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-010-0068-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 821-826

Author(s):

Monika Staniszewska ◽

Beata Rozbicka ◽

Aleksandra Rajnisz ◽

Ewa Bocian ◽

Ewa Wasińska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Isolates ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Biocidal Activity ◽

Candida Spp ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

Antiseptic Agent ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Candida Infections

AbstractThe incidence of candidiasis among immunocompromised patients and emergence of antimycotics resistant strains has increased significantly. The aims of this study were: to examine the in vitro activity of antimycotics and biocides against Candida clinical isolates; to detect cross-resistance of fungi to these preparations and to estimate whether disinfectants applied in hospital areas are active against clinical Candida isolates. In vitro susceptibility of 102 Candida isolates to eight antimycotics was examined by Etest and ATB Fungus. Sensitivity of these strains to four disinfectants and an antiseptic agent was tested according to EN 1275:2005. Amphotericin B, caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine were the most effective antimycotics against all Candida isolates. Resistance to itraconazole and fluconazole was observed among C. krusei and C. glabrata. The MICs (Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations) for ketoconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole against Candida albicans ranged: 0.003 - >32 μg/ml and one strain was resistant to three agents tested. All analysed Candida strains were sensitive to biocides containing either chlorine, aldehyde, alcohol mixtures, glucoprotamin or chlorhexidine gluconate with isopropanol. Sensitivity to these agents was observed at concentrations lower than those concentrations recommended by manufacturers to achieve proper biocidal activity to those preparations. Our data suggest that these disinfectants can be effectively applied in clinical wards to prevent nosocomial Candida infections.

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