scholarly journals The Rare-Earth Elements Doping of BaGdF5 Nanophosphors for X-ray Photodynamic Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3212
Author(s):  
Daria Kirsanova ◽  
Vladimir Polyakov ◽  
Vera Butova ◽  
Peter Zolotukhin ◽  
Anna Belanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Luminescence ◽  
Luminescence Characteristics

It is known that the initiation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep-seated tumors requires the use of X-rays to activate the reactive oxygen species generation in deep tissues. The aim of this paper is to synthesize X-ray nanophosphors and analyze their structural and luminescence characteristics to push the PDT process deep into the body. The article deals with BaGdF5:Eu3+, BaGdF5:Sm3+, and BaGdF5:Tb3+ nanophosphors synthesized using microwave synthesis. It is found that the nanoparticles are biocompatible and have sizes 5–17 nm. However, according to the analysis of X-ray excited optical luminescence, BaGdF5:Sm3+ nanophosphors will not be effective for treating deep-seated tumors. Thus, BaGdF5:Eu3+ and BaGdF5:Tb3+ nanoparticles meet the requirements for the subsequent production of nanocomposites based on them that can be used in X-ray photodynamic therapy.

scholarly journals Carbon-Doped TiO2 Activated by X-Ray Irradiation for the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy in Tumor Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chen Yang ◽  
Min-Hsiung Tsai ◽  
Keng-Yuan Li ◽  
Chun-Han Hou ◽  
Feng-Huei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
X Ray

Traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by the penetration depth of visible light. Although the light source has been changed to near infrared, infrared light is unable to overcome the penetration barrier and it is only effective at the surface of the tumors. In this study, we used X-ray as a light source for deep-seated tumor treatment. A particle with a narrow band gap when exposed to soft X-rays would produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill tumor cell, with less damage to the normal tissues. Anatase TiO2 has been studied as a photosensitizer in PDT. In the experiment, C was doped into the anatase lattice at an optimum atomic ratio to make the band gap narrower, which would be activated by X-ray to produce more ROS and kill tumor cells under stress. The results showed that the synthesized TiO2:C particles were identified as crystal structures of anatase. The synthesized particles could be activated effectively by soft X-rays to produce ROS, to degrade methylene blue by up to 30.4%. Once TiO2:C was activated by X-ray irradiation, the death rate of A549 cells in in vitro testing was as high as 16.57%, on day 2. In the animal study, the tumor size gradually decreased after treatment with TiO2:C and exposure to X-rays on day 0 and day 8. On day 14, the tumor declined to nearly half of its initial volume, while the tumor in the control group was twice its initial volume. After the animal was sacrificed, blood, and major organs were harvested for further analysis and examination, with data fully supporting the safety of the treatment. Based on the results of the study, we believe that TiO2:C when exposed to X-rays could overcome the limitation of penetration depth and could improve PDT effects by inhibiting tumor growth effectively and safely, in vivo.

scholarly journals Nanocomposites for X-Ray Photodynamic Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaira Gadzhimagomedova ◽  
Peter Zolotukhin ◽  
Oleg Kit ◽  
Daria Kirsanova ◽  
Alexander Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been known as an effective method for treating surface cancer tissues. Although this technique is widely used in modern medicine, some novel approaches for deep lying tumors have to be developed. Recently, deeper penetration of X-rays into tissues has been implemented, which is now known as X-ray photodynamic therapy (XPDT). The two methods differ in the photon energy used, thus requiring the use of different types of scintillating nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are known to convert the incident energy into the activation energy of a photosensitizer, which leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Since not all photosensitizers are found to be suitable for the currently used scintillating nanoparticles, it is necessary to find the most effective biocompatible combination of these two agents. The most successful combinations of nanoparticles for XPDT are presented. Nanomaterials such as metal–organic frameworks having properties of photosensitizers and scintillation nanoparticles are reported to have been used as XPDT agents. The role of metal–organic frameworks for applying XPDT as well as the mechanism underlying the generation of reactive oxygen species are discussed.

scholarly journals Rare-Earth-Doped Calcium Carbonate Exposed to X-ray Irradiation to Induce Reactive Oxygen Species for Tumor Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chen Yang ◽  
Wei-Yun Wang ◽  
Feng-Huei Lin ◽  
Chun-Han Hou
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
X Ray

Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by its penetration depth due to the photosensitizer and light source. In this study, we developed X-ray induced photodynamic therapy that applied X-ray as the light source to activate Ce-doped CaCO3 (CaCO3:Ce) to generate an intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing cancer cells. The A549 cell line was used as the in vitro and in vivo model to evaluate the efficacy of X-ray-induced CaCO3:Ce. The cell viability significantly decreased and cell cytotoxicity obviously increased with CaCO3:Ce exposure under X-ray irradiation, which is less harmful than radiotherapy in tumor treatment. CaCO3:Ce produced significant ROS under X-ray irradiation and promoted A549 cancer cell death. CaCO3:Ce can enhance the efficacy of X-ray induced PDT, and tumor growth was inhibited in vivo. The blood analysis and hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) stain fully supported the safety of the treatment. The mechanisms underlying ROS and CO2 generation by CaCO3:Ce activated by X-ray irradiation to induce cell toxicity, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, is discussed. These findings and advances are of great importance in providing a novel therapeutic approach as an alternative tumor treatment.

Photosensitizer coated upconversion nanoparticles for triggering reactive oxygen species under 980 nm near-infrared excitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
pp. 7306-7313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Wu ◽  
Shanshan Du ◽  
Yuhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Infrared Excitation

Rare-earth-based upconversion nanotechnology has recently shown great promise for photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Cascade of reactive oxygen species generation by polyprodrug for combinational photodynamic therapy

Biomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 120210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zujian Feng ◽  
Jinxuan Guo ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Huijuan Song ◽  
Chuangnian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY: NEW LIGHT IN MEDICINE WORLD

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venny Santosa ◽  
Leenawaty Limantara
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Medical Field

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a considerably new kind of photochemotherapeutic treatment in medical field. It combines the use of three components, which are a photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Photosensitizer is a compound activated by light. The application can be oral, topical or intravenous. It usually member of porphyrin group with ampiphilic characteristics. Photosensitizer can be of generation I, II or III, each generation step develops more specificity, selectivity and deeper tissue application. This review will discuss photosensitizer development consecutively, with its benefit and lackness. The light used is usually on red region, while the oxygen is involved in reactive oxygen species generation. Its mechanism action can go through either in type I or type II reaction. This kind of therapy is usually being used in oncology, especially in superficial and in-lining cancers, dermatology and ophthalmology field. This therapy can be safely given to patients with complication and has distinct advantages compare with other treatment such as chemotherapy and surgery. It also considerably has lesser side effects and risks. Broader application is being developed through various experiments and photosensitizer modification.   Keywords: light spectrum, photoactivation, photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer

scholarly journals Binary organic nanoparticles with enhanced reactive oxygen species generation capability for photodynamic therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150009
Author(s):  
Xiaofu Weng ◽  
Zhouzhou Bao ◽  
Xunbin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enhanced Fluorescence ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Biological Environment

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) takes advantage of photosensitizers (PSs) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for cell killing when excited by light. It has been widely used in clinic for therapy of multiple cancers. Currently, all the FDA-approved PSs, including porphyrin, are all small organic molecules, suffering from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) issues in biological environment and lacking tumor targeting capability. Nanoparticles (NPs) with size between 20[Formula: see text]nm and 200[Formula: see text]nm possess tumor targeting capability due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. It is urgent to develop a new strategy to form clinical-approved-PSs-based NPs with improved ROS generation capability. In this study, we report a strategy to overwhelm the ACQ of porphyrin by doping it with a type of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen to produce a binary NPs with high biocompatibility, and enhanced fluorescence and ROS generation capability. Such NPs can be readily synthesized by mixing a porphyrin derivative, Ce6 with a typical AIE luminogen, TPE-Br. Here, our experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of this strategy, endowing it a great potential in clinical applications.

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