Lignin–Cellulose Nanocrystals from Hemp Hurd as Light-Coloured Ultraviolet (UV) Functional Filler for Enhanced Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Films

Lignin is a natural light-coloured ultraviolet (UV) absorber; however, conventional extraction processes usually darken its colour and could be detrimental to its UV-shielding ability. In this study, a sustainable way of fabricating lignin–cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNCs) from hemp hurd is proposed. A homogeneous morphology of the hemp particles was achieved by ball milling, and L-CNCs with high aspect ratio were obtained through mild acid hydrolysis on the ball-milled particles. The L-CNCs were used as filler in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, which produced a light-coloured nanocomposite film with high UV-shielding ability and enhanced tensile properties: the absorption of UV at wavelength of 400 nm and transparency in the visible-light region at wavelength of 550 nm was 116 times and 70% higher than that of pure PVA, respectively. In addition to these advantages, the nanocomposite film showed a water vapour transmission property comparable with commercial food package film, indicating potential applications.

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Bio-nanocomposite films based on cellulose nanocrystals filled polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan polymer blend

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.42004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (22) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Nassima El Miri ◽

Karima Abdelouahdi ◽

Mohamed Zahouily ◽

Aziz Fihri ◽

Abdellatif Barakat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Polymer Blend ◽

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Nanocomposite Films

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Covalent Binding of CdSe@PMMA Nanocomposite Films with both Good Transparency and UV-Shielding

Journal of Nano Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.41.42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 42-52

Author(s):

Xiao Lin Guan ◽

Hong Ting Fan ◽

Dong Hai Zhang ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Tian Ming Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nanocomposite Film ◽

Large Scale ◽

Covalent Binding ◽

Wavelength Region ◽

Luminescent Properties ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Cdse Qds ◽

Uv Shielding ◽

Average Size ◽

Good Transparency

Thin UV-blocking films of poly(methyl methacrylate) and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) (CdSe@PMMA) are built up by CdSe-azo initiator through surface-initiated free-radical polymerization. CdSe@PMMA nanocomposite film possesses excellent transparency and ultraviolet (UV)-shielding properties. The average size of CdSe QDs is found to be less than 5 nm and well dispersed in the PMMA matrices without any significant agglomeration by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement. At the same time, excellent fluorescence (FL) spectra of the nanocomposite indicate that the luminescent properties of CdSe QDs remain effective after the polymerization. Such the transparent and luminescence CdSe@PMMA nanocomposite film exhibits prominent UV-absorbing capability and the high optical transparency in the visible-wavelength region, thus make it to be a promising material for the large scale fabrication of diverse optical devices.

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Synthesis and Characterization of a New Nanocomposite Film Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer and Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Dye as a Low Radiation Dosimeter in Medical Diagnostics Application

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111815 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1815

Author(s):

Saleh Alashrah ◽

Yassine El-Ghoul ◽

Mohammed Ahmed Ali Omer

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Nanocomposite Film ◽

Radiation Detection ◽

Medical Diagnostics ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Nitro Blue Tetrazolium ◽

Diagnostic Radiology ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

X Ray ◽

Blue Tetrazolium

Dosimetry is a field of increasing importance in diagnostic radiology. There has been a realization among healthcare professionals that the dose of radiation received by patients via modern medical X-ray examinations could induce acute damage to the skin and eyes. The present study highlights the synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol/nitro blue tetrazolium nanocomposite films (PVA/NBT) for radiation detection depending on chromic, optical, chemical and morphologic changes. First, we synthesized the nanocomposite film-based PVA doped with NBT and the different parameters of the preparation procedure were optimized. Then The films were exposed to different low X-ray doses on the scale of mGy level (0, 2, 4, 10 and 20 mGy). The sensitivity and the performance of the made composite films were evaluated via different characterization methods. Indeed, the response curve based on UV-Vis absorptions revealed a linear increase in absorbance with increased radiation doses (R = 0.998). FTIR analysis showed a clear chemical modification in recorded spectra after irradiation. X-ray diffraction assessment revealed clear structural changes in crystallinity after ionization treatment. SEM analysis showed a clear morphological modification of PVA/NBT films after irradiation. In addition, the prepared PVA/NBT films exhibited excellent pre- and post-irradiation stability in dark and light. Finally, the quantitative colorimetry study confirmed the performance of the prepared films and the different colorimetric coordinates, the total color difference (∆E) and the color strength (K/S) showed a linear increase with increasing X-ray doses. The made nanocomposite PVA/NBT film might offer promising potential for an effective highly sensitive medical dosimeter applied for very low doses in X-ray diagnostic radiology.

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Transparent Ultraviolet (UV)-Shielding Films Made from Waste Hemp Hurd and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12051190 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi Zhang ◽

Rechana Remadevi ◽

Juan P. Hinestroza ◽

Xungai Wang ◽

Maryam Naebe

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

New Approach ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Uv Shielding ◽

Shielding Properties ◽

Hemp Hurd

This work proposes a new approach to fabricate highly transparent and flexible composite films that exhibit enhanced UV-shielding properties. Lignin has innate UV-shielding properties. However, when purified lignin, which is conventionally extracted through chemical treatment, is mixed with polymeric materials, its presence negatively influences the transparency of the resulting composite. High transparency and UV-shielding are desirable properties for many applications. In this study, composites were made by mixing lignocellulose particles and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), where lignocellulose particles were obtained from ball-milled waste hemp hurd without chemical treatments. The UV-shielding properties of the resulting composite film, as a function of hemp/PVA weight ratios, were investigated. The intermolecular interactions between the hemp particles and the PVA were characterized using infrared spectroscopy with the presence of –C=O group at 1655 cm−1, providing evidence that the chemical structure of lignin was preserved. The fabricated hemp/PVA films exhibit stronger UV-shielding, in the UVA-I range (340–400 nm) than TiO2/PVA films. The composite films also showed comparable water vapor permeability (WVP) with commercial packaging plastic film made of HDPE (high-density polyethylene). The optimization experiments were reported, with aim at understanding the balance between the UV-shielding and mechanical properties of the hemp/PVA films. The findings of this work can be applicable to the packaging, food and cosmetic industries where UV shielding is of utmost importance, hence adding value to hemp hurd waste.

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Physico-Mechanical Study of CMC/BFO/PoPD Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCMCC) for Effective Photocatalytic Removal of Methyl Orange

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs5060142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Nurul Hidayu Nazri ◽

Yogesh Kumar ◽

Mohd Amirul Ramlan ◽

Mohammad Haafiz Mohammad Kassim ◽

Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Methyl Orange ◽

Composite Film ◽

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Nanocomposite Film ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Bismuth Ferrite ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Photocatalytic Removal

The present study was conducted to develop a nanocomposite film of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals isolated from microcrystalline cellulose (CNCMCC) in the presence of bismuth ferrite (BFO)/poly-o-phenylenediamine (PoPD). The physicochemical properties, the mechanical and thermal stability, and its photocatalytic activity towards the removal of methyl orange (MO) were determined. Results show that the integration of CNCMCC into the CMC matrix enhanced the mechanical strength of the film. The tensile strength (TS) of the nanocomposite film increased from 0.205 to 0.244 MPa, while elongation at break (EB) decreased from 201.44 to 168.78% in the presence of 20 wt.% of CNCMCC. The incorporation of CNCMCC in the CMC matrix substantially enhanced the nanocomposite’s thermal stability from 181.16 to 185.59 °C and decreased the degradation residue from 72.64 to 63.16%. The determination of the photocatalytic activity of the CMC/CNCMCC/BFO/PoPD composite film revealed the removal of methyl orange (MO) of 93.64% with high structural integrity after 3 h of treatment. Thus, the isolated CNCMCC-reinforced CMC/BFO/PoPD composite film can be used as a photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater, including the methyl orange.

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Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Zein/Catechin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Nanoparticles Nanocomposite Film for Active Food Packaging

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13162759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2759

Author(s):

Longwei Jiang ◽

Yanlong Han ◽

Xiangyi Meng ◽

Yawen Xiao ◽

Huajiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Inclusion Complex ◽

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Nanocomposite Film ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Cyclodextrin Inclusion ◽

Active Food Packaging ◽

Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex

In this study, following the green, environmentally friendly and sustainable development strategy, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared through a solvent-free esterification reaction between microcrystalline cellulose and maleic anhydride, combined with subsequent ultrasonic treatment, and maleic-anhydride-modified CNC-reinforced zein/catechin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanoparticles nanocomposite films were prepared by a facile solution casting. The amount of CNCs in the film matrix was 0–8 wt%, and their effect on structural, physicochemical and functional properties of the resulting films were investigated. SEM images showed that the addition of CNCs made the microstructure of the film more smooth and uniform. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between CNCs and film matrix were supported by FT-IR. XRD analysis also confirmed the appearance of a crystalline peak due to the existence of CNCs inside the films. The incorporation of CNCs significantly reduced water vapor permeability, water solubility and the swelling degree of the nanocomposite film, and also significantly increased tensile strength and elongation at break from 12.66 to 37.82 MPa and 4.5% to 5.2% (p < 0.05). Moreover, nanocomposite film packaging with CNCs can effectively inhibit the oxidation of soybean oil.

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Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) Induced Crystallization of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Super Performing Nanocomposite Films

Macromolecular Bioscience ◽

10.1002/mabi.201800347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 1800347 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tal Ben Shalom ◽

Yuval Nevo ◽

David Leibler ◽

Zvi Shtein ◽

Clarite Azerraf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Induced Crystallization

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Preparation of fluorescent and antibacterial nanocomposite films based on cellulose nanocrystals/ZnS quantum dots/polyvinyl alcohol

Cellulose ◽

10.1007/s10570-019-02245-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 2363-2373 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wei-Qi Xie ◽

Kong-Xian Yu ◽

Yi-Xian Gong

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Nanocomposite Films

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Polyaniline: tin oxide polymeric nanocomposite films. An electrical and dielectric study

Materials Science-Poland ◽

10.2478/msp-2018-0076 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 711-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajeev Arora ◽

Subhash Chand ◽

Pankaj Sharma

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Constant ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Nanocomposite Film ◽

Ac Conductivity ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Polymer Nanocomposite ◽

Dielectric Behavior ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Dielectric Study ◽

High Dielectric

AbstractA conducting nanocomposite film of 60 nm nano-SnO2-polyaniline (PANI) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been synthesized and analyzed in terms of AC conductivity and dielectric behavior. The conducting polymer nanocomposite of PANI/60 nm (SnO2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared via in situ polymerization technique. The morphology of the nanocomposite film has been studied by SEM. The film has been characterized in terms of DC conductivity. The dielectric behavior and AC conductivity of the nanocomposite film have been investigated in the frequency range of 2 Hz to 90 KHz. The film has high dielectric constant which may be correlated with polarization. It has been observed that both dielectric loss and dielectric constant decrease with an increase in frequency.

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