scholarly journals Effect of Nano-Sized Energetic Materials (nEMs) on the Performance of Solid Propellants: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Weiqiang Pang ◽  
Chongqing Deng ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Luigi T. DeLuca ◽  
Dihua Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Solid Propellants ◽  
Rocket Nozzle ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solid Rocket ◽  
Friction Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

As a hot research topic, nano-scale energetic materials have recently attracted much attention in the fields of propellants and explosives. The preparation of different types of nano-sized energetic materials were carried out, and the effects of nano-sized energetic materials (nEMs) on the properties of solid propellants and explosives were investigated and compared with those of micro-sized ones, placing emphasis on the investigation of the hazardous properties, which could be useable for solid rocket nozzle motor applications. It was found that the nano-sized energetic materials can decrease the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of solid propellants and explosives compared with the corresponding micro-sized ones, and the mechanical sensitivities are lower than that of micro-sized particles formulation. Seventy-nine references were enclosed.

scholarly journals Correlation between the self-sustaining ignition ability and the impact sensitivity of energetic materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Xiong ◽  
Xudong He ◽  
Ying Xiong ◽  
Xianggui Xue ◽  
Haijun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Models for predicting impact sensitivity of energetic materials based on the trigger linkage hypothesis and Arrhenius kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas L. Jensen ◽  
John F. Moxnes ◽  
Erik Unneberg ◽  
Dennis Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Bond Dissociation Energy ◽  
Dissociation Energy ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Nitrate Esters ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In order to predict the impact sensitivity of high explosives, we designed and evaluated several models based on the trigger linkage hypothesis and the Arrhenius equation. To this effect, we calculated the heat of detonation, temperature of detonation, and bond dissociation energy for 70 energetic molecules. The bond dissociation energy divided by the temperature of detonation proved to be a good predictor of the impact sensitivity of nitroaromatics, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81. A separate Bayesian analysis gave similar results, taking model complexity into account. For nitramines, there was no relationship between the impact sensitivity and the bond dissociation energy. None of the models studied gave good predictions for the impact sensitivity of liquid nitrate esters. For solid nitrate esters, the bond dissociation energy divided by the temperature of detonation showed promising results (R2 = 0.85), but since this regression was based on only a few data points, it was discredited when model complexity was accounted for by our Bayesian analysis. Since the temperature of detonation correlated with the impact sensitivity for nitroaromatics, nitramines, and nitrate esters, we consider it to be one of the leading predictive factors of impact sensitivity for energetic materials.

Nano-Scale Copper Oxide: Preparation, Characterization and its Effect on the Thermal Behavior of Ammonium Perchlorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yehia ◽  
A. Elbeih ◽  
Waleed F. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Rocket Propellants ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Solid Rocket

A new generation of high energy materials depends on the use of Nano-particle oxides. Nano-scale copper oxide (nano-CuO) has large surface area and surface energy which is suitable for its application in the field of energetic materials. This manuscript reports a method for the synthesis of nano-CuO by a liquid-state reaction method. The prepared nano-CuO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to check the particles size, purity and morphology of the crystals. The effect of Nano-CuO on the thermal behavior of AP was tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results proved that the average particle sizes of the nano-cuo particles are in the range of 10-20 nm. The thermal degradation rate of AP was increased by 23% in the presence of 1% nano-CuO and the heat release was increased by 51%. It was concluded that nano-CuO could have obvious effect on the burning behavior, performance and combustion characteristics of the solid rocket propellants.

scholarly journals Effect of Metal Nanopowders on the Performance of Solid Rocket Propellants: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2749
Author(s):  
Weiqiang Pang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Luigi T. DeLuca ◽  
Daolun Liang ◽  
Zhao Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burning Rate ◽  
Solid Rocket Motors ◽  
Rocket Motors ◽  
Rocket Propellants ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Composite Fuel ◽  
Solid Rocket ◽  
Double Base ◽  
Friction Sensitivity ◽  
Solid Rocket Propellants

The effects of different types of nano-sized metal particles, such as aluminum (nAl), zirconium (nZr), titanium (nTi), and nickel (nNi), on the properties of a variety of solid rocket propellants (composite, fuel-rich, and composite modified double base (CMDB)) were analyzed and compared with those of propellants loaded with micro-sized Al (mAl) powder. Emphasis was placed on the investigation of burning rate, pressure exponent (n), and hazardous properties, which control whether a propellant can be adopted in solid rocket motors. It was found that nano-sized additives can affect the combustion behavior and increase the burning rate of propellants. Compared with the corresponding micro-sized ones, the nano-sized particles promote higher impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity. In this paper, 101 references are enclosed.

Impact Sensitivity of RDX and Viton Compositions Prepared by Co-precipitation Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Wagh ◽  
S. V. Ingale ◽  
Ratanesh Kumar ◽  
R.H. Naina ◽  
T. C. Kaushik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homogeneous Composition ◽  
Sensitivity Data ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Friction Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

<p>Desensitisation of explosive materials using polymers is an important area in safe utilisation of explosives in various applications. The RDX/viton composition has been developed using co-precipitation method with varying content of viton, ranging from 5 to 35 wt per cent. RDX and viton were dissolved in acetone which is a common solvent for RDX and viton, and then the acetone was extracted from the solution by distillation resulting in homogeneous RDX/viton composition. Infrared spectroscopy studies indicated presence of RDX and viton in the resulting compositions. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis studies made on yielded compositions confirmed that RDX is present in the composition in desired content. The shift in exotherm of RDX/viton composition as compared to RDX showed that polymer-bonded RDX compositions are more stable. The impact sensitivity studies showed that sensitivity of RDX/viton composition decreased with increasing content of viton. The similar trend was observed for friction sensitivity. The co-precipitation method has been found to be advantages to obtain homogeneous composition of RDX and viton (with viton content up to 25 wt per cent) as revealed by linear trend in sensitivity data measurements. It has been demonstrated that the sensitivity of RDX can be tailored within a wide range using viton so as to suit in desired applications.</p><p><strong>Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 4, July 2015, pp. 287-291, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8647</strong></p>

scholarly journals Effects of Nano-Sized Al on the Combustion Performance of Fuel Rich Solid Rocket Propellants

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Q. Pang ◽  
F.Q. Zhao ◽  
L.T. DeLuca ◽  
C. Kappenstein ◽  
H.X. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burning Rate ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Rocket Propellants ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Solid Rocket ◽  
Friction Sensitivity ◽  
Solid Rocket Propellants

Several industrial- and research – type fuel rich solid rocket propellants containing nano-metric aluminum metal particles, featuring the same nominal composition, were prepared and experimentally analyzed. The effects of nano-sized aluminum (nAl) on the rheological properties of metal/HTPB slurries and fuel rich solid propellant slurries were investigated. The energetic properties (heat of combustion and density) and the hazardous properties (impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity) of propellants prepared were analyzed and the properties mentioned above compared to those of a conventional aluminized (micro-Al, mAl) propellant. The strand burning rate and the associated combustion fl ame structure of propellants were also determined. The results show that nAl powder is nearly “round” or “ellipse” shaped, which is different from the tested micrometric Al used as a reference metal fuel. Two kinds of Al (nAl and mAl) powder can be dispersed in HTPB binder suffi ciently. The density of propellant decreases with increasing mass fraction of nAl powder; the measured heat of combustion, friction sensitivity, and impact sensitivity of propellants increase with increasing mass fraction of nAl powder in the formulation. The burning rates of fuel rich propellant increase with increasing pressure, and the burning rate of the propellant loaded with 20% mass fraction of nAl powder increases 77.2% at 1 MPa, the pressure exponent of propellant increase a little with increasing mass fraction of nAl powder in the explored pressure ranges.

scholarly journals Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Particles and Its Property Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Guo Yan ◽  
Shi Xiaobing ◽  
Pang Weiqiang ◽  
Qin Zhao ◽  
Xu Huixiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solution ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Internal Solution ◽  
Wetting Ability ◽  
Electron Spectrometry ◽  
Friction Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

To improve the safety of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) particles, the polymer thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) and nitrocellulose (NC) were introduced to coat HMX powder by water-solution suspension method and internal solution method, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photo-electron spectrometry (XPS) were employed to characterize the HMX samples and the role of NC and TPU in the coating processes were discussed. The impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and the thermal decomposition of coated HMX particles were investigated, and compared to the unprocessed ones. The results indicate that both TPU and NC can improve the wetting ability of the coating materials on HMX surface and reinforce the connection between HMX and the coating materials. The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of HMX samples decrease obviously after they have been surface coated; the drop height (H50) is increased from 35.24 cm to 50.08 cm, and the friction probability is reduced from 93.2 % to 58.3%. The activation energy (Ea) and the self-ignition temperature increase by 10.46 KJ·mol-1 and 1.8, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Polymeric Matrices on the Properties of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbeih ◽  
Mahmoud Abdelhafiz ◽  
Ahmed K. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
Polymeric Matrices ◽  
Velocity Of Detonation ◽  
Polymer Bonded Explosives ◽  
Friction Sensitivity ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact

Six different polymeric matrices were fabricated to reduce the sensitivity of PETN (Pentaerythritol tetranitrate). The polymeric matrices used were individually based on Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) softened by plasticizer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) softened by oil, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plasticised by dioctyl adipate (DOA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane matrix, and Fluorel binder. A computerised plastograph mixer was utilised for producing three polymer-bonded explosives (PETN-NBR, PETN-SBR, and PETN-PDMS) based on the non-aqueous method. A cast-cured method was used to prepare PBX based on polyurethane (PETN-HTPB), while the slurry technique was used to prepare beads of PETN coated by either fluorel binder (PETN-FL) or based on PMMA forming (PETN-PMMA). The heat of combustion and sensitivities were investigated. The velocity of detonation was measured, while the characteristics of the detonation wave were deduced theoretically by the EXPLO 5 (thermodynamic code). The ballistic mortar experiment was performed to determine the explosive strength. By comparing the results, it was found that PDMS has the highest influence on decreasing the impact sensitivity of PETN, while the cast cured PETN-HTPB has the lowest friction sensitivity. On the other side, PETN-FL has the highest detonation parameters with high impact sensitivity. Several relationships were verified and the matching between the measured results with the calculated ones was confirmed.

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